This presentation enlists all the studies which are required before submission of IND. It include IND introduction , time period of study ,flowchart showing preclinical studies...
Toxicity is the science dealing with properties, action, toxicity, fatal dose detection or interpretation of result of toxicological analysis & treatment of poison.
Toxicity studies helps to avoid adverse effect and enhance the safety of drug.
This slide provides the information about toxicity screening on experimental animals.
A brief introduction about Pharmacology of free radicals, generation of free radicals, Antioxidants, Free radicals causing disorders such as cancer diabetes, neuro degenerative disorders such as Parkisonism's Disease
This presentation enlists all the studies which are required before submission of IND. It include IND introduction , time period of study ,flowchart showing preclinical studies...
Toxicity is the science dealing with properties, action, toxicity, fatal dose detection or interpretation of result of toxicological analysis & treatment of poison.
Toxicity studies helps to avoid adverse effect and enhance the safety of drug.
This slide provides the information about toxicity screening on experimental animals.
A brief introduction about Pharmacology of free radicals, generation of free radicals, Antioxidants, Free radicals causing disorders such as cancer diabetes, neuro degenerative disorders such as Parkisonism's Disease
Target discovery and Validation - Role of proteomicsShivanshu Bajaj
This presentation include how important is the branch proteomics in target discovery and validation for new drugs. It also include proteomic technology and current approaches in targeted proteomics
Safety pharmacology is a branch of pharmacology with its aim to predict the potential clinical risk profile of new chemical entities (NCEs).
It has the ability to predict the potential off-target drug effects on major organ systems which are associated with exposure in the therapeutic range and above.
As an essential part of the spectrum of drug discovery and development, safety pharmacology studies are generally conducted to determine the relative drug effect on main organs, including respiratory system, central nervous system, and cardiovascular system.Safety pharmacology is an essential part of the drug development process that aims to identify and predict adverse effects prior to clinical trials.
SP studies are described in the international conference on harmonization (ICH) S7A and S7B Guidelines.
The basic aspects of drug discovery starts from target discovery and validation further going to lead identification and optimization. In this particular slide discussion is regarding the target discovery and the tools that have been utilized in this process.
Preclinical Toxicity Studies-Tool of Drug Discoverydynajolly
As per WHO “Drug is any substance or product that is used or is intended to be used to modify or explore physiological systems or pathological states for the benefit of the recipient”. Hence the prime objective of using any substance as a drug is that it must be beneficial for the humans. A large number of compounds are synthesized every year but they cannot be directly used in humans as drugs because no one knows or can predict the possible harmful effects of these compounds in humans. That is why to explore the complete pharmacological profile of these compounds and to ensure complete human safety they are first tested on animals before clinical use. Preclinical Studies thus can be defined as “Testing the newly discovered compound in animals with the objective of gaining information regarding the various aspects of the compound with respect to the biological systems so that the same can be extrapolated for the use of that compound in humans”. As the evaluation progresses undesirable compounds gets rejected at each step, so that only a few out of thousands reach the stage when administration to the humans is considered.
Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology journal accepts articles from different disciplines as below but not constrained to only these Pharmacovigilance signal, Pharmacovigilance data management, Design and development of drug, Principles of pharmacology, Quality system and pharmacovigilance, Pharmacovigilance softwares, Drug regulatory activities, Drug reactions and diagnosis, Reporting systems, Clinical trials and pharmacovigilance, Marketing surveillance, Pharmacovigilance ethics and regulations, Biomarkers and pharmacology , Concepts and trends in pharmacovigilance, Pharmaceutical medicines, Drug delivery systems, Statistics and data management.
The guidelines describe about the subacute toxicity studies in rodents with a comparison with the previous guideline.it also includes the comparison of all three subacute toxicity studies OECD 407, OECD 410, and OECD 412
Target discovery and Validation - Role of proteomicsShivanshu Bajaj
This presentation include how important is the branch proteomics in target discovery and validation for new drugs. It also include proteomic technology and current approaches in targeted proteomics
Safety pharmacology is a branch of pharmacology with its aim to predict the potential clinical risk profile of new chemical entities (NCEs).
It has the ability to predict the potential off-target drug effects on major organ systems which are associated with exposure in the therapeutic range and above.
As an essential part of the spectrum of drug discovery and development, safety pharmacology studies are generally conducted to determine the relative drug effect on main organs, including respiratory system, central nervous system, and cardiovascular system.Safety pharmacology is an essential part of the drug development process that aims to identify and predict adverse effects prior to clinical trials.
SP studies are described in the international conference on harmonization (ICH) S7A and S7B Guidelines.
The basic aspects of drug discovery starts from target discovery and validation further going to lead identification and optimization. In this particular slide discussion is regarding the target discovery and the tools that have been utilized in this process.
Preclinical Toxicity Studies-Tool of Drug Discoverydynajolly
As per WHO “Drug is any substance or product that is used or is intended to be used to modify or explore physiological systems or pathological states for the benefit of the recipient”. Hence the prime objective of using any substance as a drug is that it must be beneficial for the humans. A large number of compounds are synthesized every year but they cannot be directly used in humans as drugs because no one knows or can predict the possible harmful effects of these compounds in humans. That is why to explore the complete pharmacological profile of these compounds and to ensure complete human safety they are first tested on animals before clinical use. Preclinical Studies thus can be defined as “Testing the newly discovered compound in animals with the objective of gaining information regarding the various aspects of the compound with respect to the biological systems so that the same can be extrapolated for the use of that compound in humans”. As the evaluation progresses undesirable compounds gets rejected at each step, so that only a few out of thousands reach the stage when administration to the humans is considered.
Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology journal accepts articles from different disciplines as below but not constrained to only these Pharmacovigilance signal, Pharmacovigilance data management, Design and development of drug, Principles of pharmacology, Quality system and pharmacovigilance, Pharmacovigilance softwares, Drug regulatory activities, Drug reactions and diagnosis, Reporting systems, Clinical trials and pharmacovigilance, Marketing surveillance, Pharmacovigilance ethics and regulations, Biomarkers and pharmacology , Concepts and trends in pharmacovigilance, Pharmaceutical medicines, Drug delivery systems, Statistics and data management.
The guidelines describe about the subacute toxicity studies in rodents with a comparison with the previous guideline.it also includes the comparison of all three subacute toxicity studies OECD 407, OECD 410, and OECD 412
n drug development, preclinical development, also named preclinical studies and nonclinical studies, is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials can begin, and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.
Introduction to pre clinical screening of drugsKanthlal SK
Various Techniques and Methods for screening of new chemical entities in preclinical aspects (both invitro & invivo) for effective and safe clinical usage.
clinical and preclinical approaches to drug discovery.Here we mainly deals with preclinical approaches, ie. Pharmacological approach and toxicological approach
Extrapolation of in vitro data to preclinical and.pptxARSHIKHANAM4
Extrapolation of in vitro data to preclinical.
the topic is included in m.pharmacy 1st sem syllabus. which is essential for the study and that include the details about how you deal with the preclinical data that will help to decide the NOEAL and LOEAL, the humane dose of the drug can be calculated and further formation is also done.
The disease with a less known concept on pathogenesis and cure has been covered in this slide with diagrammatic representation of the concepts. A detailed description of pathogenesis has been made. Also the brief description of synovial fluid and joint has been carried out to have a basic knowledge on the concept.
Arthritis one of the most common disease worldwide has the causes unknown with Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis being the most common ones. The present slide focuses on the health aspects of arthritis with the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis. Moreover the role of antioxidants in the termination of the free radicals is also to be studied in the current slides.
Heart an important organ plays an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis and at the same time it is vulnerable to many risks. The present topic focuses on the management of heart and the risks involved in its mismanagement.
Circulation involves the movement of blood in the body which carries nutrients, enzyme etc. to the respective cells and tissues.Moreover the slide is focused on the different parts involved the process of circulation, along with blood grouping and blood coagulation.
An important system of our body is known as digestive system which has its own role to play. This step of digestion serves as as a next route to the steps of absorption of nutrients by the small intestine and its respective transportation to the cells and tissues. This slide focuses on the different organs of digestion and their functions .
Muscle movement plays an important role in day to day life where the contraction and relaxation of muscle is significant. The current slide has been developed with the focus on different phases during muscle contraction and the physiological change involved on it.
Transgenesis is the future of healthcare where the world is focusing on it so why not us? Let's delve into the exclusive depth of this transgenesis in the slide.
Kyasanur forest disease a disease endemic to the western ghats has been highlighted in the present slide with an exclusive information non its treatment, prevention and the latest updates.
The high risks of lipids and its relevance towards the development of different cardiovascular diseases has been known to all where this present slide focuses on that only along with the different treatment procedures,.
Exactly what we studied till date is wrong? The big question is going to be answered by this slide where we would come to
know the force behind the binding of DNA.
The present slide gives us an insight into the different aspects of application of columnn chromatrography the principle behind it and at the same time its recent advances.
Cancer dreaded by many has its own impact in health sciences. The present slide focuses on the treatment aspects of cancer and a brief overview of the disease.
The present slide focuses on the applications and different uses of biosimilars along with the basic difference in between biosimilars and bioequivalence.
The current slide focuses on different screening models for neurodegenerative diseases along with a brief description of the diseases where the slides are to the points and brief with detailed evaluation.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
1. FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATION BATTERY TESTS
(MODIFIED IRWIN TEST)
The Irwin test is an observational screening test that is a battery of test used to assess a mouse or
rats neurobiological and physiological state. Parameters that are evaluated include autonomic and sensorimotor
functions, convulsive behavior and other activities produced by a drug after administration. Conducted by an
experienced tester the Irwin test can provide insight into a drugs activity including potential motor targets,
therapeutic benefits and deleterious side effects.
However the modified Irwin test describe is used to identify subtle neurological perturbations
produced by a drug and used to control for other behavioral and locomotor assays. Although a behavioral test of
sorts it is not directed towards a specific indication. The assay system will also be used during the pharmacokinetic
and maximal tolerated dose preliminary studies to establish dose-response ranges for subsequent efficacy studies.
The functional observational battery test is a non-invasive procedure designed to detect gross
functional deficits in young adults resulting from exposure to chemicals and to better quantify neurotoxic effects
detected in other studies. This battery of tests is not intended to provide a detailed evaluation of neurotoxicity. It is
used in conjunction with neuropathologic evaluation testing.
The material is administered by an appropriate route to laboratory rodents. The animals are
observed under carefully standardized conditions with sufficient frequency to ensure the detection of behavioral or
neurologic abnormalities if present. Various functions that could be affected by neurotoxicants are assessed during
each observation period.
TEST PROCEDURES:
Animal selection: Species and strain. The laboratory rat or mouse is recommended.
Age: Young adult animals should be used (at least 42 days old for the rat or mouse)
Sex: Equal no. of animals of each sex are required for each dose level. The females should be nulliparous (who has
never given birth either by choice or for any other reason) and non-pregnant.
No. of animals: At least 8 animals of each sex should be used at each dose level and should be designated for
behavioral testing. If interior sacrifices are planned, the number should be increased by the number of animals
scheduled to be sacrificed before the end of study. Animals shall be randomly assigned to treatment and control
groups.
Control groups: A concurrent control group is required. Subjects shall be treated in the same way as for an
exposure group except that administration of the test substance is omitted.
Concurrent or historic data will provide evidence of the ability of the procedures used to detect
major neurotoxic endpoints such as limb weakness or paralysis, CNS stimulation. A satellite group may be treated
with the high dose level for the duration of exposure and observed for reversibility, persistence or delayed
occurrence of toxic effects for a post treatment period of appropriate duration normally not less than 28 days.
MDS’s minimal lists of observations include:
1. Any unusual responses with respect to body position, activity level, co-ordination of movement and gait.
2. Any unusual orbizarre behavior including but not limitedto head flicking, headsearching, compulsive biting or
licking.
3. Presence of convulsion, tremors, increasedlevels of lacrimation, salivation, pupillary dilatation andconstriction.
4. Forelimb/ hind limb grip strength.
5. Sensory function. Assessment of sensory function (vision, audition, pain, perception) will be made.
6. Data reporting and evaluation.