Fuel efficiency optimization is of crucial importance in industries. Marine transportation industry is no exception. Multi-disciplinary optimization is a branch of engineering which uses optimization methods for solving problems in which the objective function is simultaneously affected by several different factors. As one of the tools for this type of optimization, genetic algorithm has a high quality and validity. The objective of the present study is to optimize fuel efficiency in tankers. All presented equations and conditions are valid for tankers. Fuel consumption efficiency of tankers is a function of various influential factors. Given the lack of equations for describing and modeling these factors and unavailability of valid performance database for inferring the equations as well as the lack of literature in this field, the preset study includes five optimizing factors affecting the fuel consumption efficiency of a tanker in genetic algorithm by using the genetic algorithm toolbox of MATLAB software package.

1. Fuel efficiency optimization of
tanker with focus on hull
parameters
Presented by: Mr. Pradeepkumar Jagdale
IIT Kharagpur
SubName:- Design Problems In Ocean Engineering
(NA69005)

2. Factors related to Fuel Performance of a
ship
 Fuel properties
 Design and features of propeller in an engine
 Hydrodynamic
 Dimensional design of ship
 The average speed of ship
Fuel efficiency optimization of tanker with focus on hull parameters 2

3. Optimization Methodology
Genetic Algorithm
Multi-disciplinary optimization
Fuel efficiency optimization of tanker with focus on hull parameters 3

4. Genetic Algorithm
The genetic algorithm is an artificial intelligence methodology that is inspired
by the evolution theory of Darwin . Genetic algorithm is a biological evolution-
based calculation method of optimality. It generates a method for effective
search in huge and extensive spaces which finally leads towards finding the
optimum answer.
The present study uses genetic algorithm toolbox of MATLAB software package.
This toolbox is set of functions with the capability of optimization by using
numerical calculations space. To optimize by this toolbox, it is necessary to
prepare objective function and all conditions of the problem as M file for MATLAB
software
Fuel efficiency optimization of tanker with focus on hull parameters 4

5. Multi-disciplinary
optimization
Design
variables
Parameters
Objective
function
ConditionsFuel efficiency optimization of tanker with focus on hull parameters 5

6. Design Variables
Design variables can vary in their definition domain to reach
to the optimum answer of the problem.
The design variables in the present study are Cb, T, B, L, D,
and V.
Cb=hull bulk coefficient
T= Ship draught, m
B= Ship width, m
L= Ship length, m
D= Ship height, m
V= Ship speed, knot
Fuel efficiency optimization of tanker with focus on hull parameters 6

7. Parameters
Properties are considered as design parameters.
In the present study,
Density of Sea water = 1025 kg/m3
Viscosity of Sea water = 1.8 × 10−3 Pa.s
Fuel efficiency optimization of tanker with focus on hull parameters 7

8. Objective Function
Fuel
Consumption
Efficiency
(FCE)
Wetted
surface of
the ship
Friction
resistance
Viscous-
pressure
resistance
Weight of
steel of
the ship
hull
Hull
Efficiency
8

9. B =ship width, m
T =ship draught, m
D =ship height, m
CB =hull bulk coefficient
C∇ =volume–length coefficient
Cp =prism coefficient
AM =intermediate intersection area, m 2
Cf =friction resistance coefficient
Cpv=viscous–pressure resistance efficient
t = thrust reducing factor
S = wetted area
L = ship length, m
V = ship speed, knot
Wst =mass of steel used in ship hull, tone
Rn =Reynolds number
Fn =Froude number
W=Wake coefficient
∇ =ship volume, m3
∆ =ship mass, tone
ηH =hull efficiency
ηo =propeller efficiency in free waters
ηR =propeller relative rotating efficiency
Nomenclature 9

10. 1.Wetted surface of the Ship
Fuel efficiency optimization of tanker with focus on hull parameters 10

11. 2.Hull Resistance
Total Hull Resistance
Viscous
Resistance
Frictional Resistance
Viscous-pressure
Resistance
Wave
Resistance
Fuel efficiency optimization of tanker with focus on hull parameters 11

12. 12

13. 3. Ratio of hull steel weight to total
ship weight
Fuel efficiency optimization of tanker with focus on hull parameters 13

14. 4. Hull Efficiency
Fuel efficiency optimization of tanker with focus on hull parameters 14

15. Objective function
We have:
 S = f(B, T, Cb,∇)
 Cf = f (Rn)
 Cpv = f (B, T, C∇, Cp)
 Wst/∆ = f (L, B, D, ∆)
 1/ηH = f(w)
 S = f(L,V) = MOP1
 Cf = f(L,V) = MOP2
 Cpv = f(L,V) = MOP3
 Wst/∆ = f(L,V) = MOP4
 1/ηH = f(L,V) = MOP5
∇=L.B.T.CB
B=0.125L+2.45
T=0.78.L/13.5
D=L/13.5
CB=0.70+0.125.tan-1((23-100Fn)/4)
Fn=0.507V/(9.8L)1/2
C ∇= ∇/L3=B.T.CB/L2
∆=(L/(10/3+5V/(3L1/2)))3
Rn=1025*0.507*V*L/(1.08x10-3)
w=1.7643CB
2-1.4745CB+0.2574
Weights
n1=0.1
n2=0.25
n3=0.2
n4=0.3
n5=0.15
Max Values
S 25773(m2)
Cf 0.00262
Cpv 0.00233
Wst/∆ 0.04509
1/ηH 1.18531 15

16. 𝑴𝑶𝑬 𝑳, 𝑽 =
𝒊=𝟏
𝟓
𝒏𝒊 ∗
𝑴𝑶𝑷𝒊(𝑳, 𝑽)
𝑴𝒂𝒙(𝑴𝑶𝑷𝒊 𝑳, 𝑽 )
Objective Function is:-
With Constraints/Restrains
0.48 ≤ CB ≤ 0.85 0.001 ≤ C∇ ≤ 0.007
∆ ≤ 600,000 tonne 2x107 ≤ Rn ≤ 6x109
200 ≤ L(m) ≤ 480 10 ≤ V (in knot) ≤ 30
Fuel efficiency optimization of tanker with focus on hull parameters 16

17. Results of Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm
Result Converges at
L(m) 225.12
V(knot) 15.60
MOE 0.78
17
Values of Design Variables
B(m) 30.50
T(m) 13.00
D(m) 16.50
CB 0.82

18. References
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Heinemann, 2009.
[2] A.F. Molland, The Maritime Engineering Reference Book: A Guide To Ship Design,
Construction and Operation, Elsevier, 2011.
[3] M. Mitchell, An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms, MIT press, 1998.
[4] A., Chipperfield, et al., Genetic Algorithm Toolbox for Use with MATLAB. 1994.
[5] A. Homaifar, H. Lai, E. McCormick, Appl. Math. Model. 18 (2) (1994) 72–83.
[6] M.S. Seif, M. Tavakoli, in: Proceedings of the XVI SORTA Symposium, Croatia, 2004.
[7] O. de Weck, K. Willcox, Multidisciplinary System Design Optimization, MIT, 2003
Lecture note.
[8] S. Wang, Q. Meng, Z. Liu, Transp. Res. Part E: Logist. Transp. Rev. 53 (2013) 49–62.
[9] M. Nelson, et al., Appl. Ocean Res. 43 (2013) 46–52.
[10] E. Danckwardt, Ermittlung des Widerstandes von Frachtschiffen und
Hecktrawlern beim Entwurf, Schiffbauforschung, 1969.
[11] C. Grigson, Trans. RINA (1999).
[12] H. Schneekluth, Hydromechanik zum Schiffsentwurf. Vorlseungen. Herbert
Schneekluth, Koehler, 1988 3., verb. u. erw. Aufl.
[13] H.O. Kristensen, M. Lützen, Clean Shipp. Curr. 1 (6) (2012).
[14] V. Bertram, H. Schneekluth, Ship Design for Efficiency and Economy,
Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998.
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19. Thank You!!
Fuel efficiency optimization of tanker with focus on hull parameters 19