This document discusses the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) which allows users to transfer files between a client and server using separate connections for commands and data transfer. The FTP client initiates connections to the FTP server on ports 21 for commands and 20 or a dynamically assigned port for transferring data. It describes the various FTP commands for logging in, navigating directories, setting transfer options, and transferring files in both ASCII and binary modes. Security issues with plain text passwords are also noted, along with the simpler Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).
The document discusses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). ICMP provides error reporting, congestion reporting, and first-hop router redirection. It uses IP to carry its data end-to-end and is considered an integral part of IP. ICMP messages are encapsulated in IP datagrams and are used to report errors in IP datagrams, though some errors may still result in datagrams being dropped without a report. ICMP defines various message types including error messages like destination unreachable and informational messages like echo request and reply.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol used for transferring computer files between a client and server. It uses separate connections for control commands and data transfer, with port 21 for control and port 20 for data by default. Some key FTP commands include RETR (retrieve a file) and STOR (store a file). While convenient, FTP has security issues as it transmits passwords and file contents in plaintext.
DHCP is a protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. It uses a client-server model where DHCP clients make requests to DHCP servers which maintain pools of addresses. A DHCP client will broadcast requests at initialization and use a 4-step process to get an address assigned. It will later enter renewal states to extend its lease before initialization again if needed. This allows for efficient dynamic allocation and management of IP addresses on a network.
This slide contains details about domain name servers (DNS).
It also contains Resolution of the Name Servers with Domain Name Structure with statistics table. The process of Name resolution is also explained with Recursive and iterative resolution processes.
DNS is a distributed database that translates hostnames to IP addresses. It operates through a hierarchy of root servers, top-level domain servers, and authoritative name servers. DNS provides additional services like load balancing and mail server aliasing. Queries are resolved through recursive or iterative lookups between clients and servers to map names to addresses.
This chapter discusses end-to-end transport protocols like UDP and TCP. UDP provides a simple demultiplexing service but does not guarantee delivery. TCP provides a reliable byte-stream service using a sliding window algorithm to ensure reliable, in-order delivery along with flow and congestion control. It establishes connections using a three-way handshake and terminates them gracefully. The chapter covers TCP and UDP headers, connection management, sliding window mechanics, and differences between flow and congestion control.
SSH is a protocol for secure remote access to a machine over untrusted networks.
SSH is a replacement for telnet, rsh, rlogin and can replace ftp.
Uses Encryption.
SSH is not a shell like Unix Bourne shell and C shell (wildcard expansion and command interpreter)
This document discusses the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) which allows users to transfer files between a client and server using separate connections for commands and data transfer. The FTP client initiates connections to the FTP server on ports 21 for commands and 20 or a dynamically assigned port for transferring data. It describes the various FTP commands for logging in, navigating directories, setting transfer options, and transferring files in both ASCII and binary modes. Security issues with plain text passwords are also noted, along with the simpler Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).
The document discusses the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). ICMP provides error reporting, congestion reporting, and first-hop router redirection. It uses IP to carry its data end-to-end and is considered an integral part of IP. ICMP messages are encapsulated in IP datagrams and are used to report errors in IP datagrams, though some errors may still result in datagrams being dropped without a report. ICMP defines various message types including error messages like destination unreachable and informational messages like echo request and reply.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol used for transferring computer files between a client and server. It uses separate connections for control commands and data transfer, with port 21 for control and port 20 for data by default. Some key FTP commands include RETR (retrieve a file) and STOR (store a file). While convenient, FTP has security issues as it transmits passwords and file contents in plaintext.
DHCP is a protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. It uses a client-server model where DHCP clients make requests to DHCP servers which maintain pools of addresses. A DHCP client will broadcast requests at initialization and use a 4-step process to get an address assigned. It will later enter renewal states to extend its lease before initialization again if needed. This allows for efficient dynamic allocation and management of IP addresses on a network.
This slide contains details about domain name servers (DNS).
It also contains Resolution of the Name Servers with Domain Name Structure with statistics table. The process of Name resolution is also explained with Recursive and iterative resolution processes.
DNS is a distributed database that translates hostnames to IP addresses. It operates through a hierarchy of root servers, top-level domain servers, and authoritative name servers. DNS provides additional services like load balancing and mail server aliasing. Queries are resolved through recursive or iterative lookups between clients and servers to map names to addresses.
This chapter discusses end-to-end transport protocols like UDP and TCP. UDP provides a simple demultiplexing service but does not guarantee delivery. TCP provides a reliable byte-stream service using a sliding window algorithm to ensure reliable, in-order delivery along with flow and congestion control. It establishes connections using a three-way handshake and terminates them gracefully. The chapter covers TCP and UDP headers, connection management, sliding window mechanics, and differences between flow and congestion control.
SSH is a protocol for secure remote access to a machine over untrusted networks.
SSH is a replacement for telnet, rsh, rlogin and can replace ftp.
Uses Encryption.
SSH is not a shell like Unix Bourne shell and C shell (wildcard expansion and command interpreter)
The birth of electronic mail occurred in 1965 at MIT. Ray Tomlinson sent the first message between two computers in 1971 using the "@" symbol to denote sending from one computer to another. Email was further developed to allow organization into folders and offline reading. Common email protocols include SMTP, POP3, and IMAP. Email is important as it saves time and money while allowing instant communication. HTTPS encrypts messages sent over HTTP for secure transmission. FTP allows two computers to connect over the internet and transfer files by converting them to binary for transmission.
This document provides an overview of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). It describes FTP as a standard network protocol for transferring files between a client and server. It outlines the key components of FTP including communication methods, data transfer modes, login facilities, commands, security issues and examples of FTP clients and servers. The document serves to introduce FTP and its objectives to share files between systems reliably and efficiently.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and server. FTP is built on a client-server model and allows users to access files on remote systems. Key components of FTP include the client, which initiates file transfers, the server, which stores and transmits files, and the FTP site, which houses files and determines user access levels through usernames and passwords. FTP supports both anonymous access for public files as well as authenticated access through usernames and passwords for private files.
The Network File System (NFS) is the most widely used network-based file system. NFS’s initial simple design and Sun Microsystems’ willingness to publicize the protocol and code samples to the community contributed to making NFS the most successful remote access file system. NFS implementations are available for numerous Unix systems, several Windows-based systems, and others.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the standard protocol for sending email across the internet. SMTP was created in 1982 and uses a client-server model with user agents to prepare messages and mail transfer agents to reliably transfer messages between servers. An email consists of an envelope containing sender and recipient addresses, and a message with a header defining sender, recipient, subject, and a body containing the actual content. SMTP works by establishing a TCP connection between servers, sending commands like MAIL FROM, RCPT TO, and DATA to transfer the message, then terminating the connection. Extensions like MIME allow non-text content like images and files to be included in emails.
This document provides an overview of internet protocols for email (SMTP) including:
- SMTP is used to transfer email between servers and works in a client-server model. Email clients use POP3 or IMAP to retrieve messages from servers.
- Key components include user agents (email clients), message transfer agents (MTA servers), and protocols like SMTP, POP3, and IMAP.
- SMTP uses a stored-and-forward method to route emails through intermediate servers within a network on its way to the destination address.
HTTP is the application-layer protocol for transmitting hypertext documents across the internet. It works by establishing a TCP connection between an HTTP client, like a web browser, and an HTTP server. The client sends a request to the server using methods like GET or POST. The server responds with a status code and the requested resource. HTTP is stateless, meaning each request is independent and servers do not remember past client interactions. Cookies and caching are techniques used to maintain some state and improve performance.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard protocol for electronic mail transmission. It was first defined in 1982 and became widely used in the early 1980s as a complement to UUCP mail. SMTP uses a client-server model where the client initiates a connection and sends messages to the server, which then acknowledges receipt. It allows messages to be transferred between machines that are intermittently connected. Common SMTP commands include HELO, MAIL FROM, RCPT TO, DATA, QUIT, and RSET. SMTP can be secured using SSL/TLS to encrypt the communication channel. The latest developments include supporting real-time dynamic content in emails and internationalized email addresses encoded in UTF-8.
FTP allows two computers to connect over the Internet so that files can be transferred between a client and server. It was created in 1971 at MIT by Abhay Bhushan to transfer data over the new ARPANET. FTP works through a request, response, transfer, terminate cycle. It converts files to binary for transmission and allows downloading and uploading of files. While over 30 years old, FTP continues to be used and modified to meet user demands.
- The document discusses Internet Protocol (IP) which is the principal communications protocol for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. There are two major versions - IPv4 which is the dominant protocol, and IPv6 which is its successor.
- IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses divided into five classes (A, B, C, D, E). It allows for over 4 billion addresses but deficiencies in the classful addressing system led to address depletion.
- Classless addressing was introduced to overcome depletion by granting variable length address blocks defined by an IP address and network mask. This provides a hierarchical addressing structure and greater flexibility.
This document provides an introduction to IP addressing, including:
- A brief history of IP development and the OSI and TCP/IP models.
- An overview of IP address classes (A, B, C, D, E), how they are determined, and their characteristics like address ranges and network/host portions.
- Explanations of limitations of classful addressing, subnetting, and how classless or CIDR addressing helps address those limitations by allowing flexible prefix lengths.
- An example is given of how CIDR allows efficient allocation of addresses to networks of different sizes.
KRACK attack is one of the most famous one in WiFi security and privacy. In this presentation a detailed description of the attack is considered and countermeasures are offered.
The application layer allows users to interface with networks through application layer protocols like HTTP, SMTP, POP3, FTP, Telnet, and DHCP. It provides the interface between applications on different ends of a network. Common application layer protocols include DNS for mapping domain names to IP addresses, HTTP for transferring web page data, and SMTP/POP3 for sending and receiving email messages. The client/server and peer-to-peer models describe how requests are made and fulfilled over the application layer.
DNS maps domain names to IP addresses by using a distributed database and servers. It translates human-friendly domain names like www.example.com to numerical IP addresses like 192.0.2.1 that computers use to locate each other on the network. The DNS database contains resource records that associate domain names with IP addresses and other information. Name servers query the DNS database to resolve domain names and return IP addresses to applications and users.
The document discusses the Domain Name System (DNS) which translates human-friendly domain names to IP addresses. It describes DNS as the internet's equivalent of a phone book. DNS uses a hierarchical, domain-based naming scheme and distributed database to implement this naming system. The DNS database contains resource records (RRs) that map domain names to IP addresses and other attributes. There are different types of name servers, including authoritative, caching, primary, and secondary servers that maintain the DNS database and resolve queries. DNS resolution can occur through either recursive or iterative queries to translate names to addresses.
The HTTP protocol is an application-level protocol used for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. It operates as a request-response protocol between clients and servers, with clients making requests using methods like GET and POST and receiving responses with status codes. Requests and responses are composed of text-based headers and messages to communicate metadata and content. Caching and cookies can be used to improve performance and maintain state in this otherwise stateless protocol.
The document discusses the key features and mechanisms of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). It begins with an introduction to TCP's main goals of reliable, in-order delivery of data streams between endpoints. It then covers TCP's connection establishment and termination processes, flow and error control techniques using acknowledgments and retransmissions, and congestion control methods like slow start, congestion avoidance, and detection.
This document discusses the TCP/IP and UDP protocols. It begins with an introduction comparing the TCP/IP model to the OSI model. The TCP/IP model has four layers compared to seven in the OSI model. It then describes the two main host-to-host layer protocols in TCP/IP - TCP and UDP. TCP is connection-oriented and provides reliable, ordered delivery. It uses segments with a header containing fields like sequence numbers. UDP is connectionless and provides fast but unreliable delivery. It uses simpler segments with fewer header fields. The document concludes by explaining the end-to-end delivery process for packets using these protocols as they are transmitted between hosts via routers.
This document provides an overview of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). It describes FTP as a client/server protocol for transferring files over the internet that runs over TCP. It discusses the control and data connections used in FTP, some basic FTP commands, and common FTP clients like FileZilla. Pros of FTP include its simple implementation and ability to resume partial transfers, while cons are its lack of security and difficulties filtering active connections.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an application layer protocol for transferring files between a client and server over TCP. It uses separate connections for control information (on port 21 by default) and data transfer (on port 20 by default). Common FTP commands allow users to navigate directories, retrieve and store files. FTP supports different data representations like ASCII, EBCDIC and binary. It provides features like error control, access control and transmission modes like stream, block and compressed. Variants include FTPS (FTP over SSL/TLS), FTPES (FTP over explicit SSL/TLS) and TFTP (trivial file transfer without authentication over UDP).
The birth of electronic mail occurred in 1965 at MIT. Ray Tomlinson sent the first message between two computers in 1971 using the "@" symbol to denote sending from one computer to another. Email was further developed to allow organization into folders and offline reading. Common email protocols include SMTP, POP3, and IMAP. Email is important as it saves time and money while allowing instant communication. HTTPS encrypts messages sent over HTTP for secure transmission. FTP allows two computers to connect over the internet and transfer files by converting them to binary for transmission.
This document provides an overview of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). It describes FTP as a standard network protocol for transferring files between a client and server. It outlines the key components of FTP including communication methods, data transfer modes, login facilities, commands, security issues and examples of FTP clients and servers. The document serves to introduce FTP and its objectives to share files between systems reliably and efficiently.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and server. FTP is built on a client-server model and allows users to access files on remote systems. Key components of FTP include the client, which initiates file transfers, the server, which stores and transmits files, and the FTP site, which houses files and determines user access levels through usernames and passwords. FTP supports both anonymous access for public files as well as authenticated access through usernames and passwords for private files.
The Network File System (NFS) is the most widely used network-based file system. NFS’s initial simple design and Sun Microsystems’ willingness to publicize the protocol and code samples to the community contributed to making NFS the most successful remote access file system. NFS implementations are available for numerous Unix systems, several Windows-based systems, and others.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the standard protocol for sending email across the internet. SMTP was created in 1982 and uses a client-server model with user agents to prepare messages and mail transfer agents to reliably transfer messages between servers. An email consists of an envelope containing sender and recipient addresses, and a message with a header defining sender, recipient, subject, and a body containing the actual content. SMTP works by establishing a TCP connection between servers, sending commands like MAIL FROM, RCPT TO, and DATA to transfer the message, then terminating the connection. Extensions like MIME allow non-text content like images and files to be included in emails.
This document provides an overview of internet protocols for email (SMTP) including:
- SMTP is used to transfer email between servers and works in a client-server model. Email clients use POP3 or IMAP to retrieve messages from servers.
- Key components include user agents (email clients), message transfer agents (MTA servers), and protocols like SMTP, POP3, and IMAP.
- SMTP uses a stored-and-forward method to route emails through intermediate servers within a network on its way to the destination address.
HTTP is the application-layer protocol for transmitting hypertext documents across the internet. It works by establishing a TCP connection between an HTTP client, like a web browser, and an HTTP server. The client sends a request to the server using methods like GET or POST. The server responds with a status code and the requested resource. HTTP is stateless, meaning each request is independent and servers do not remember past client interactions. Cookies and caching are techniques used to maintain some state and improve performance.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard protocol for electronic mail transmission. It was first defined in 1982 and became widely used in the early 1980s as a complement to UUCP mail. SMTP uses a client-server model where the client initiates a connection and sends messages to the server, which then acknowledges receipt. It allows messages to be transferred between machines that are intermittently connected. Common SMTP commands include HELO, MAIL FROM, RCPT TO, DATA, QUIT, and RSET. SMTP can be secured using SSL/TLS to encrypt the communication channel. The latest developments include supporting real-time dynamic content in emails and internationalized email addresses encoded in UTF-8.
FTP allows two computers to connect over the Internet so that files can be transferred between a client and server. It was created in 1971 at MIT by Abhay Bhushan to transfer data over the new ARPANET. FTP works through a request, response, transfer, terminate cycle. It converts files to binary for transmission and allows downloading and uploading of files. While over 30 years old, FTP continues to be used and modified to meet user demands.
- The document discusses Internet Protocol (IP) which is the principal communications protocol for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. There are two major versions - IPv4 which is the dominant protocol, and IPv6 which is its successor.
- IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses divided into five classes (A, B, C, D, E). It allows for over 4 billion addresses but deficiencies in the classful addressing system led to address depletion.
- Classless addressing was introduced to overcome depletion by granting variable length address blocks defined by an IP address and network mask. This provides a hierarchical addressing structure and greater flexibility.
This document provides an introduction to IP addressing, including:
- A brief history of IP development and the OSI and TCP/IP models.
- An overview of IP address classes (A, B, C, D, E), how they are determined, and their characteristics like address ranges and network/host portions.
- Explanations of limitations of classful addressing, subnetting, and how classless or CIDR addressing helps address those limitations by allowing flexible prefix lengths.
- An example is given of how CIDR allows efficient allocation of addresses to networks of different sizes.
KRACK attack is one of the most famous one in WiFi security and privacy. In this presentation a detailed description of the attack is considered and countermeasures are offered.
The application layer allows users to interface with networks through application layer protocols like HTTP, SMTP, POP3, FTP, Telnet, and DHCP. It provides the interface between applications on different ends of a network. Common application layer protocols include DNS for mapping domain names to IP addresses, HTTP for transferring web page data, and SMTP/POP3 for sending and receiving email messages. The client/server and peer-to-peer models describe how requests are made and fulfilled over the application layer.
DNS maps domain names to IP addresses by using a distributed database and servers. It translates human-friendly domain names like www.example.com to numerical IP addresses like 192.0.2.1 that computers use to locate each other on the network. The DNS database contains resource records that associate domain names with IP addresses and other information. Name servers query the DNS database to resolve domain names and return IP addresses to applications and users.
The document discusses the Domain Name System (DNS) which translates human-friendly domain names to IP addresses. It describes DNS as the internet's equivalent of a phone book. DNS uses a hierarchical, domain-based naming scheme and distributed database to implement this naming system. The DNS database contains resource records (RRs) that map domain names to IP addresses and other attributes. There are different types of name servers, including authoritative, caching, primary, and secondary servers that maintain the DNS database and resolve queries. DNS resolution can occur through either recursive or iterative queries to translate names to addresses.
The HTTP protocol is an application-level protocol used for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. It operates as a request-response protocol between clients and servers, with clients making requests using methods like GET and POST and receiving responses with status codes. Requests and responses are composed of text-based headers and messages to communicate metadata and content. Caching and cookies can be used to improve performance and maintain state in this otherwise stateless protocol.
The document discusses the key features and mechanisms of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). It begins with an introduction to TCP's main goals of reliable, in-order delivery of data streams between endpoints. It then covers TCP's connection establishment and termination processes, flow and error control techniques using acknowledgments and retransmissions, and congestion control methods like slow start, congestion avoidance, and detection.
This document discusses the TCP/IP and UDP protocols. It begins with an introduction comparing the TCP/IP model to the OSI model. The TCP/IP model has four layers compared to seven in the OSI model. It then describes the two main host-to-host layer protocols in TCP/IP - TCP and UDP. TCP is connection-oriented and provides reliable, ordered delivery. It uses segments with a header containing fields like sequence numbers. UDP is connectionless and provides fast but unreliable delivery. It uses simpler segments with fewer header fields. The document concludes by explaining the end-to-end delivery process for packets using these protocols as they are transmitted between hosts via routers.
This document provides an overview of the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). It describes FTP as a client/server protocol for transferring files over the internet that runs over TCP. It discusses the control and data connections used in FTP, some basic FTP commands, and common FTP clients like FileZilla. Pros of FTP include its simple implementation and ability to resume partial transfers, while cons are its lack of security and difficulties filtering active connections.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an application layer protocol for transferring files between a client and server over TCP. It uses separate connections for control information (on port 21 by default) and data transfer (on port 20 by default). Common FTP commands allow users to navigate directories, retrieve and store files. FTP supports different data representations like ASCII, EBCDIC and binary. It provides features like error control, access control and transmission modes like stream, block and compressed. Variants include FTPS (FTP over SSL/TLS), FTPES (FTP over explicit SSL/TLS) and TFTP (trivial file transfer without authentication over UDP).
The document discusses Telnet and FTP. It provides an overview of how Telnet works by establishing connections between local and remote terminals using the Network Virtual Terminal (NVT) character set. It describes Telnet modes of operation, option negotiation, and controlling remote servers. The document also defines FTP, describing how it transfers files between clients and servers using two TCP ports. It explains FTP commands, structures, modes and terminology.
FTP uses two TCP connections - a control connection on port 21 to send control information like login credentials and commands, and a data connection on port 20 to transfer files. The control connection remains open for the duration of the session while only one file can be transferred per data connection. It supports three data structures - file, record, and page. Common FTP commands include USER, PASS, LIST, and RETR. Replies include success and error codes like 200, 530, and 221.
FTP and TFTP are protocols for transferring files between systems. FTP uses two TCP connections for control and data transfer, supports authentication and many commands, and provides reliable transfer. TFTP uses a single UDP connection, supports only read/write of files, handles its own retransmissions, and is lightweight for use on systems with limited resources.
FTP is a standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and server on a computer network. It uses separate connection channels for control commands and data transfer, with clients connecting to port 21 on the server. Common FTP commands include GET to retrieve files, PUT to upload files, and LS to list directory contents. FTP supports both ASCII and binary transfer modes and is widely used due to its simplicity, reliability and ability to handle different file types and systems.
FTP uses two TCP ports, one for control commands and one for data transfers. It supports both active and passive modes for negotiating the data connection. TFTP is a simpler file transfer protocol that uses UDP and does not support features like directories or error recovery. Both protocols support different data types, file structures, and transmission modes for transferring files between heterogeneous systems.
FTP is a standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and server. It uses separate control and data connections and operates at the application layer of the OSI model. FTP supports both active and passive modes of connection. While FTP allows transferring multiple files and directories with resume capability, it has security issues as usernames, passwords and files are sent in clear text.
FTP is a protocol used to transfer files between systems over a network. It uses a client/server model with two TCP ports - port 21 for control connections and port 20 for data transfers. An FTP server runs FTP daemon software and allows users to log in and transfer files between their account on the server and local system. While FTP remains useful, newer secure variants like SFTP have been developed to encrypt authentication and file transfers over FTP.
The document discusses computer networks and network protocols. It begins with an introduction to network protocols and the Internet protocols. It then provides definitions and explanations of communication protocols, including addressing, transmission modes, and error detection/recovery techniques. It lists and describes common network protocols like TCP/IP, routing protocols, FTP, SMTP, and more. It also discusses the OSI model layers, TCP/IP protocol suite, data encapsulation, protocol data units, protocol assignments to layers, and addresses at each layer.
The document discusses several key application layer protocols:
1. HTTP is used to transfer web pages over the internet using requests and responses between clients and servers. It operates over TCP port 80.
2. DNS is used to translate between hostnames and IP addresses in a hierarchical system of top-level and subdomain names. It allows humans to use easy-to-remember names.
3. FTP establishes two TCP connections to transfer files between a client and server, using different ports for control commands and the file data. It allows downloading and uploading of files.
The document discusses several key application layer protocols:
1. HTTP is used to transfer web pages over the internet using requests and responses between clients and servers. It operates over TCP port 80.
2. DNS is used to translate between hostnames and IP addresses in a hierarchical system of top-level and subdomain names. DNS servers handle requests to map names to addresses.
3. FTP uses two TCP connections to transfer files between clients and servers - one for commands and one for the actual data transfer. Clients can download or upload files from/to servers.
application layer protocol for iot.pptxaravind Guru
The document discusses various application layer protocols in the OSI model. It begins with an overview of the OSI model and encapsulation process. It then discusses considerations for application protocol design. The main part of the document describes six important application layer protocols: HTTP for web browsing, DNS for domain name resolution, FTP for file transfer, Telnet for remote terminal access, DHCP for dynamic IP address allocation, and SMTP for email. It concludes with a summary of these protocols and references for further information.
The document provides information about FTP (File Transfer Protocol), including:
- FTP allows transferring files between a client and server, with the client connecting to access and transfer files from directories on the server.
- FTP uses two channels - a command channel to communicate tasks, and a data channel to transfer file data.
- It describes FTP security issues, transfer modes, login processes, error codes, and tools like FileZilla that can be used for FTP.
- Instructions are given for students to upload their Assignment 10 files to the course server using FTP via the Windows Explorer folder view.
This document discusses various application layer protocols. It begins with an agenda that lists OSI models, encapsulation processes, application protocol design, and specific protocols including HTTP, DNS, FTP, Telnet, DHCP, and SMTP. For each protocol, it provides details on how the protocol functions, message formats, and roles of clients and servers. The document is intended to describe key application layer protocols and their basic operations.
Protocols define the rules and format for how computers exchange information over a network. The key features of protocols include syntax, semantics, and timing. There are two main protocol models - the TCP/IP model and OSI reference model. TCP/IP is comprised of four layers including network access, internet, host-to-host transport, and application layers. The OSI model has seven layers and provides a framework for developing networking standards. Common protocols like TCP, IP, UDP, HTTP, FTP and SMTP control how different aspects of networking like file transfers, email, and web browsing function.
Similar to Ftp: a slideshow on File transfer protocol (20)
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
2. ● It uses two TCP Ports
● -one for control
● -one for data transfers It’s a command-response protocol
● It’s control port uses telnet protocol to negotiate session
● -US-ASCII
● -<crlf> is end-of-line character
FTP ● INTRODUCTION
3.
4. Transferring Files in a Heterogeneous Host
Environment
Due to multiple hardware types and operating systems file are converted to
four environmentally neutral data type for transport and the converted to
local types at the destination
-ASCII
-EBCDIC
-IMAGE
-LOCAL
A NVT-ASCII
E EBCDIC Text
I Raw binary, series of octets
L Raw binary using a variable byte
size
Client responsibility to tell server data type to use Default data type, unless
otherwise specified is ASCII
5. FTP Commands – Some of the FTP commands are :
USER – This command sends the user identification to the server.
PASS – This command sends the user password to the server.
CWD – This command allows the user to work with a different directory or dataset for file storage or retrieval without altering his login
or accounting information.
RMD – This command causes the directory specified in the path-name to be removed as a directory.
MKD – This command causes the directory specified in the path name to be created as a directory.
PWD – This command causes the name of the current working directory to be returned in the reply.
RETR – This command causes the remote host to initiate a data connection and to send the requested file over the data connection.
STOR – This command causes to store a file into the current directory of the remote host.
LIST – Sends a request to display the list of all the files present in the directory.
ABOR – This command tells the server to abort the previous FTP service command and any associated transfer of data.
QUIT – This command terminates a USER and if file transfer is not in progress, the server closes the control connection.
FTP Replies – Some of the FTP replies are :
200 Command okay.
530 Not logged in.
331 User name okay, need password.
225 Data connection open; no transfer in progress.
221 Service closing control connection.
551 Requested action aborted: page type unknown.
502 Command not implemented.
503 Bad sequence of commands.
504 Command not implemented for that parameter.
7. LITERATURE
REVIEW
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• The original specification for the File Transfer Protocol
was written by Abhay Bhushan and published
as RFC 114 on 16 April 1971. Until 1980, FTP ran
on NCP, the predecessor of TCP/IP. The protocol was
later replaced by a TCP/IP version, RFC 765 (June
1980) and RFC 959 (October 1985), the current
specification. Several proposed standards
amend RFC 959, for example RFC 1579 (February
1994) enables Firewall-Friendly FTP (passive
mode), RFC 2228 (June 1997) proposes security
extensions, RFC 2428 (September 1998) adds support
for IPv6 and defines a new type of passive mode.
• FTP does not encrypt its traffic; all transmissions are in
clear text, and usernames, passwords, commands and
data can be read by anyone able to perform packet capture
(sniffing) on the network.[2][16] This problem is common to
many of the Internet Protocol specifications (such
as SMTP, Telnet, POP and IMAP) that were designed
prior to the creation of encryption mechanisms such
as TLS or SSL.[4]
• Common solutions to this problem include:
• Using the secure versions of the insecure protocols,
e.g., FTPS instead of FTP and TelnetS instead of Telnet.
• Using a different, more secure protocol that can handle the
job, e.g. SSH File Transfer Protocol or Secure Copy
Protocol.
• Using a secure tunnel such as Secure Shell (SSH)
or virtual private network (VPN).
• https://bit.ly/2QWDQ0R
• https://bit.ly/2OUvg0X