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Freud and the Unconscious
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- 2. The “Unconscious Mind” Freudcompared the mind to an iceberg. He believed the “conscious mind” is the tip of the iceberg: these are the thoughts were are aware of. The submerged part of the iceberg is the “unconscious mind” - the desires and memories that we don’t actively think about. Conscious Mind: Active Thoughts Unconscious Mind: The things buried in our minds that we don’t think about.
- 3. Id, Ego, Superego Accordingto Freud, the id, ego, and superego are the three parts of the human mind. He believed that the id is fully unconscious.The Ego and Superego are partially conscious. Ego Id Super- ego Conscious Mind Unconscious Mind The area directly below the surface of the water is called the “preconscious mind,” because although it is currently unconscious, it can easily be brought to our awareness.
- 4. Psychoanalysis What’s in the “unconsciousmind”? Some of the information in our unconscious mind is so disturbing that the mind automatically buries it away (suppresses it) so we do not have to remember it and face it. Freud believes these buried things impact our behavior and emotional states. Ego Id Super- ego Conscious Mind Unconscious Mind Traumatic life experiences (especially from childhood) Socially unacceptable desires (especially sexual desires and the desire to harm others) Childish desires (such as the desire for attention)
- 5. One of Freud’sbiggest contributions to the field of Psychology was psychoanalysis - the “talking cure.” Freud believed that our emotional and behavioral problems are due to repressed desires and negative life experiences that we keep buried in our unconscious minds.
- 6. The idea isthat if we talk to a therapist, the act of talking itself can provide clues about what’s hidden in our unconscious. It might even force us to talk about things we don’t normally think about. Becoming more aware of our hidden desires and difficult life experiences is like medicine: it helps us grow.
- 7. Hello Josh -thanks for coming in for another psychotherapy session.Today, let’s talk about your parents. Can you tell me about them? Hmm, ok. My parents moved to this country when I was a baby. They were nice, usually supportive people.
- 8. Was there evera time when they were not supportive? One time I wrote a play. I asked my mom to watch it first before performing for my friends. I remember she said, “Josh, your voice sounds like a mouse,” so I tried to make my voice deeper but I couldn’t. I threw my play away and never performed it for anyone else.
- 9. Once my girlfriendmade a joke about her voice being lower- pitched than mine. Huh. I never realized it before, but lots of people have made me feel bad about my voice. I wonder if that’s related to my fear of speaking in crowded places? Hm. I’m noticing a pattern - you seem to mention your voice a lot during our conversations. Has anyone else ever commented on the sound of your voice?
- 10. Releasing the Unconscious Otherpsychologists invented ways to help reveal the thoughts in a patient’s unconscious mind. Carl Jung worked alongside Sigmund Freud, and agreed with the idea that the unconscious mind impacts our behavior. He used word association to help learn more about what might be going on in a patient’s mind. I’m going to say a word, and without pausing, you say the first word new that comes into your mind.
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- 12. Word Association The goalof word association is to see if there are any interesting patterns in the types of words you choose, or to see if you say something that reveals interesting information about yourself. Grandma Evil Wait a minute… why did I say that?
- 13. Word Association Let’s tryit! 1. I will give you a word… 2. Write down the next new word that enters your mind in the space provided in your notes. 3. At the end, you can re-read your answers to see if they reveal anything about your unconscious mind.
- 14. Releasing the Unconscious HermannRorschach also lived alongside Freud. He created a new association test that asked patients to interpret symmetrical ink blot pictures.
- 15. The Rorschach Test Patientsare shown an image made from ink blots, and are asked to freely describe what the blots look like and how the image makes them feel. Afterward, the examiner asks the patient questions like,“why do you think the image looks like that?” and takes notes on how the patient responds.The responses (both verbal and non-verbal) are analyzed to see if they reveal anything about the patient’s personality or motives. The examiner uses their knowledge of behavioral problems and personality traits to analyze the patient’s responses. They look for symptoms of common disorders like psychopathy, they listen for pauses which could indicate confusion or shock, and they look for patterns.
- 16. Original Ink Blots *Rorschach made these inkblots himself
- 17. What do you see? Itlooks like two birds with long beaks facing opposite directions…
- 18. Word Association Let’s tryit! 1. I will show you an image… 2. Describe what you see in the space provided in your notes. 3. At the end, you can re-read your answers to see if they reveal anything about your unconscious mind.
- 24. Conclusions • Psychoanalysis continuesto be practiced by psychiatrists, social workers, and other mental health professionals; however, its practice is less common today than in the past. • A common critique is that it relies too much on the subjective interpretation made by the therapist. There’s no qualitative data or official scientific process involved in analyzing someone.
- 25. Conclusions • Even thoughmany people think Freud’s ideas were wrong, a lot of people still find that the “talking cure” helps them feel better…
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