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Frank lloyd wright
Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect born in 1867 who is known for designing over 400 structures. He helped pioneer the Prairie School style and is known for his organic architecture principles. Two of his most famous homes were Taliesin East in Wisconsin, built in 1911, and Taliesin West in Arizona, built starting in 1937. Both homes were designed based on Wright's principles of organic architecture and featured open floor plans, integration of interior and exterior spaces, and harmony with their natural surroundings.
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Frank lloyd wright
- 1. Frank Lloyd Wright TALIESIN EAST| TALIESIN WEST 1 Mithilesh Mandal Sonakshi Bhattacharjee
- 2. Biography: • Born onJune 8, 1867 , in Wisconsin • His first building, “Unity Chapel” and went on to construct 433 different structures • Worked directly under Louis Sullivan • Maxim : ‘ Form and Function are One’ • Prairie School, Usonian House, Broadacre City Frank Lloyd Wright 2
- 3. Principles • Natural materials •Skylights • Organic • Unified design of an enclosed space • Open plan and flowing spaces divided by screens and planes • No applied articulation • Integrated openings • Horizontal lines integrated with each other • Pinwheel plan 3 Taliesin East Taliesin West
- 4. Taliesin East, Spring Green,Wisconsin Taliesin I (1911-1914) Taliesin II (1915-1925) Taliesin III (1925-…) 4Mithilesh Mandal 114AR0006
- 5. Building Materials • Yellowlimestone • Revised stone masonry • Combination of stone and wood • Analogous designs • Glazed windows and doors • Naturally coloured plaster walls were trimmed with cypress • Floors made of waxed cypress or stone. 5
- 6. Taliesin East I •Built in 1911 • Burnt in 1914 • Based on principles of Form and Function • Built on the side of a hill as its part • Based on Organic Architecture • Inspired from Prairie School 6
- 7. Taliesin I April,1911 Plan Interior: •Latin Cross placed on its side • Entry loggia at intersection of the axes with low sheltering roof • Dutch doors used • Exterior had cantilevered terrace • Axial projections extended through internal spaces and beyond 7
- 8. Exterior: • Wright madeuse of “four-foot module”, in his plan • The module evident in dimension of windows and in the cantilever eaves • Interior and exterior wall surfaces had plaster coating 8
- 9. Taliesin I June,1911 Plan •New plan drafted • Less pressed for secrecy • Refined residence wing • Work wing made 5 times longer than studio • Re-defined entry from hill • Articulated courtyards • Replaced bridge up the hill with a farm wing • Steam heating system installed 9
- 10. 10 Taliesin East I, June Plan Taliesin East I , April Plan
- 11. 11 Plan, Elevation andSection
- 12. Taliesin East II •Built in 1914 after Taliesin-I was burnt • Complex was enlarged • Mostly identical to old building • Additional wing added • Second loggia added that looked out of the valley • Dam was rebuilt • Observation platform was added • Hydroelectric generator added to make it self sufficient, had form of Japanese temple 12 Aerial View: Taliesin East II
- 13. Furniture designed byhim 13 Living RoomDining Room
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- 15. Taliesin East III •Plan •Dynamic asymmetry of earlier Prairie House •Low pitched roofs and broad eaves •Overhung stone walls gently embraced a series of outdoor courts •Native limestone in rough masonry work •Plush finishes •Exterior interior merged 15
- 16. Taliesin East III,Plan 16
- 17. 17 Front room facadeEast Bird walk East Wing North Ground entry South Drive Entry South Main Entry Steps
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- 21. America – 1920-1930s •Peace returned after war • Rise of the working class and urban middle class • A time of economic progress • New companies • New jobs • Invention of automobile • Expansion of glass and steel industry • New industries like mass media • Rise of consumerism • Migration to cities • New genre of architecture
- 22. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT– 1910S • Sequence of failed companionship • Prairie school ( famous in USA) • Went to Germany ( portfolios recognition) • Returned to Wisconsin in 1914 • Designed Taliesin east (got enraged in fire three times) • Japanese emperor commissioned him for Imperial Hotel, Tokyo
- 23. TALIESIN WEST • Foundedthe Taliesin Fellowship in 1932, an immersive architectural school based out of his own home and studio • Five years later, he and his apprentices began work on "Taliesin West," a residence and studio in Arizona
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- 25. TALIESIN WEST • Location-Frank Lloyd Wright Boulevard in Scottsdale, Arizona, USA • Plan - • Resembles Cretan architecture • Oriental architecture and aethetics • Movement is directed along a strong set of axes and reflex diagonals • Designed interconnected lines based on “petro glyphs”
- 26. TALIESIN WEST • Buildingmaterials – • Multicolored volcanic rocks • Cement, white canvas and redwood • Roofs were made out of sheets of canvas that were stretched over large redwood trusses. • Overtime glass and plastic were incorporated into the site
- 27. TALIESIN WEST • Style– • Organic architecture • Microcosm of his Usonian community • Based on the concept of broad acre city
- 28. TALIESIN WEST • KeyBuilding Features – • Garden Room (1938) • Kiva Theatre (1938) • Wright’s Office (1939). • Drafting Studio, Kitchen and Dining Area (1939) • Sunset Terrace (1939) • Shop(1939) • Wright family living quarters (1940)
- 29. TALIESIN WEST • KeyBuilding Features – • Apprentice Court and Apartments (1941) • Sun Cottage (1948) • Cabaret Theater (1951) • Music Pavilion (1956, rebuilt in 1964) • Realigned Entrance Drive and Citrus Grove (1958)
- 30. FALLINGWATER • Designed in1935 • Residence for Pittsburgh's acclaimed Kaufmann family • Oriental or organic architecture • Series of cantilevered balconies and terraces constructed atop a waterfall.
- 31. FALLINGWATER • The typeof structure of the house is aporticado • Materials used for the construction of this house were: concrete, stone rugosa, native stone, wood, steel and glass • Vertical focus is the "heart" of the House of Cascade.
- 32. JOHNSON WAX BUILDING •Designed in 1935, for Herbert "Hib" Johnson‘s new office in Racine, Wisconsin • Designed a horizontal amount, contrary to the tall buildings • Wright devised a new system of reinforced concrete • Curved "Cherokee red" bricks ,white dendriform columns ,Stee lcase furniture, Pyrex glass tubed skylight
- 33. COMPARISONS TALIESIN EAST • Builtin 1911 over a hill in Wisconsin • “Prairie style” • Organic and complete structures TALIESIN WEST • Built within 1937-1958 in Arizona desert • Organic forms • Stylized desert camp(tent-like structure)
- 34. COMPARISONS TALIESIN EAST • Rebuiltand modified numerous times • Restrained pallet of materials • Demonstrates the flow of space from interior to exterior • A sense of enclosure TALIESIN WEST • Solid stone walls , glazing roofs, wood trusses • maintains a strong flow of space between the interior and exterior • Breaking down of the building envelope
- 35. Critique Analysis ofTaliesin East and Taliesin West • Taliesins are not only a symbol of Wright’s versatility and influential expansion • Marks moment in his career where vernacular begin to integrate in his formulated Prairie style • The sources of his work are inspired from 19th century Romanticism • Both the Taliesins are continuous pieces of architecture • The influence of parallel movements can be seen in the Taliesins 35
- 36. REFERENCES • Photographs ofTaliesin East http://www.mcness.org, http://www.the greatbuildings.org • Taliesin East 1911-1914 • National Register of Historic Place Inventory - http://focus.nps.gov/pdfhost/docs/NHLS/Text/74000457.pdf • Andre t boyne ARCHITECT - http://andrewtboyne.com/organicarchitecture/wright_taliesinw.html • http://www.biography.com/people/frank-lloyd-wright-9537511#taliesin- fellowship • Internal committee for documentation and conservation of buildings- http://www.docomomo-us.org/register/fiche/taliesin_west • http://architizer.com/blog/wrights-utopia-in-usonia-today/ • Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation
- 37. "The longer Ilive, the more beautiful life becomes." Frank Lloyd Wright Thank you
Editor's Notes
- #3 In Chicago worked for architect Joseph Lyman Silsbee, where he first drafted his first building, “Unity Chapel”. ‘ Form and Function are One’, was adapted from Sullivan’s maxim ‘Form Follows Function
- #4 Utilized natural materials, skylights and walls of windows to embrace the nature. Proclaimed that shapes found in the environment should not only be integrated, but should become the basis of American architecture. A building is only organic when the exterior and interior exist in unison and both are in harmony with the character and nature of its purpose, its reason for existence, its location and the time of its creation.
- #6 Basic material was Yellow Limestone, quarried nearby A new method devised for laying up stones, that simulated the stratified layers in which it was naturally found 3. Lines of hills, the lines of roof Slope of hills, the slope of roof
- #8 Kitchen had a screen of tall and narrow windows separated by stone piers Dining area flowed into living room, lit by a band of high windows separated by narrow piers
- #10 This new plan was drafted with an influence of Japanese art. The plan was simil
- #13 workshops, farm buildings and the studio were spared Observation platform was inspired from his platform designed in “Baraboo”
- #16 The plush finishes of the interior add warmth, but provide a distinction between the interior and exterior. The sprawling complex, inspired by Italian Villas, encompasses the Wright residence, his studio and drafting room, numerous additional residences guests and staff, a long wing of garages and carports and even animal shelters, which have now been adapted. Complex arrangement of sandstone, stucco, glass and roofs, all colliding and sliding past one another. Despite its continual modification, it manages to retain a sense of unity through the preservation of roof material and pitches, and the use of a restrained pallet of materials that includes the sandstone native to the area, wood and raw stained plaster that has been mixed with river sand to provide a natural texture.
- #24 immersive architectural school based out of his own home and studio that housed the Taliesin Fellowship during the winter months.
- #25 1,side elevation nd top view by wright s nd his apprentice 2.Hugh ferris sketches
- #26 directed the main axes of their central courtyards exactly toward a sacred mountain peak, which contained a cave shrine of the Minoan goddess of the earth. The sacred mountains were invariably cleft and horned, a good deal like Wright's mountain here. (mcdowel mountain) 2. petrogluphs- pictogram and logogram images created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading. Outside North America, scholars often use terms such as "carving", "engraving", or other descriptions of the technique to refer to such images. The central building group is essentially in the form of a cross with a large inverted equilateral triangle attached by its base to the central axis, or long arm of the cross, which runs northwest-southeast.
- #27 The main materials used in the construction of the Taliesin complex were multicolored volcanic rocks available on site, cement, white canvas and redwood. Overtime glass and plastic were incorporated into the site. The walls, parapets and substructures that comprise the complex were hand-built using volcanic rocks that were embedded in cement through a process called “desert masonry”. In this process the rocks were placed into a wooden form and cement was poured in and allowed to set. Once dried the wooden forms were stripped and reused to continue the wall as desired. The roofs of the office, drafting and garden room, three of several rooms that comprise the main complex, were made out of sheets of canvas that were stretched over large redwood trusses. However, due to the fact that the canvas used on the roofs needed constant replacement and repair, Wright began experimenting with different materials in order to find an appropriate replacement. Eventually, appropriate plastic materials that could hold up against the elements were incorporated into these structures.
- #28 Organic architecture is also translated into the all inclusive nature of Frank Lloyd Wright's design process. Materials, motifs, and basic ordering principles continue to repeat themselves throughout the building as a whole. The idea of organic architecture refers not only to the buildings' literal relationship to the natural surroundings, but how the buildings' design is carefully thought about as if it were a unified organism. Geometries throughout Wright's buildings build a central mood and theme. Essentially organic architecture is also the literal design of every element of a building: From the windows, to the floors, to the individual chairs intended to fill the space. Everything relates to one another, reflecting the symbiotic ordering systems of nature. middle-income homes known as "Usonian Houses." The aesthetic precursor to the modern "ranch house," these sparse yet elegant houses employed several revolutionary design features such as solar heating, natural cooling and "carports" for automobile storage. It was both a planning statement and a socio-political scheme by which each U.S. family would be given a one acre (4,000 m²) plot of land from the federal lands reserves, and a Wright-conceived community would be built anew from this. In a sense it was the exact opposite of transit-oriented development.
- #29 he Garden room is a spacious, well-lit room designed and built by the architect and considered the showpiece of the whole complex. Located in the apprentice court, the Kiva is a masonry structure that served as a movie viewing area, concert hall, theater, apprentice lounge, library, storage, and currently as a classroom and conference room. Wright’s office was one of the first buildings constructed and serves as the “dominate architectural theme” for the complex These three areas form a group of interconnected buildings and are the core of the Taliesin West complex. A formal, triangular, outdoor space adjacent to the core of the complex. A craft and shop area located at the western end of the complex. ): A suite of rooms that served as the living quarters for the Wright’s.
- #30 ): A grouping of small rooms around a courtyard that served as living quarters for Wright’s apprentices. The Sun Cottage is a freestanding structure located east of the main complex. Originally called the “suntrap”, the cottage served as the initial living space for the Wright family. This living space was expanded in 1948 and renamed the Sun Cottage. In 1962 the area was enclosed and turned into a studio for apprentices. The theater is a half sunken, reinforced concrete and desert stone theater that extends from Wright’s office. ): The pavilion is a steel-reinforced building with a roof of rigid-steel frames and translucent plastic used to host meetings, performances, and exhibitions. The citrus grove and the realignment of the entrance drive to include a vertical stone monolith were the final improvements made to the complex before Wright died.
- #31 1. Wright announced his return to the profession in dramatic fashion in 1935 with Fallingwater,
- #32 1. in particular, because there are columns and beams to form porches, and the plates, the horizontal elements that stretch as terraces on the waterfall