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Kolkata architecture -british period
This document summarizes the architectural history of colonial buildings in Kolkata, India from the 18th-21st centuries. It describes several iconic buildings like the Writer's Building, Raj Bhavan, Indian Museum, and Victoria Memorial that were constructed in the Neoclassical, Baroque, and Indo-Saracenic styles. It also mentions how the architectural styles evolved over time from English colonial architecture to incorporate more local Indian elements, and emerging Art Deco structures in the early 20th century.
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Kolkata architecture -british period
- 1. KOLKATA (ENGLISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE) SONAKSHIBHATTACHARJEE(114AR0024) MITHILESH MANDAL (114AR0006) SUCHETANA CHAKRAVARTY(114AR0025)
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- 4. WRIGHTER’S BUILDING PLACE –KOLKATA (1777-1906) Designedby THOMAS LYON
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- 6. CONSTRUCTION PHASES FIRST PHASE (1777-1778) SECOND PHASE (1820-1821) • Designedas barracks to provide accommodation to the john company's ‘writers’. • A three storied structure . • A long veranda being added on the south front and two small pediments on columns by lord wellesley. • And a better ornamented façade (by capt. George lindsay).
- 7. ROTUNDA GEORGIA N ROOFS DORICPEDIMENTED ENTRANCES MINERVA STATUES IONIC COLUMNS ITALIAN GRECIAN FONTAGE NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE THIRD PHASE- complete re- modelling of the front façade by E.J. Martin(1877-1905)
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- 9. ENGLAND IN 1700S •1729 – East India House, Leadenhall St., London • STYLE- Neoclassical • 1734- Bank of England , Threadneedle street, London • STYLE- Neoclassical
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- 12. RAJ BHAVAN (GOVERNMENT HOUSE) 1799-1803 Ar.Charles Wyatt Kolkata
- 13. NEO CLASSICAL &BAROQUE
- 14. RAJ BHAVAN KEDLESTONHALL IMITATION HISTORICISM
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- 16. IONIC COLUMN Full height portico Elliptical fanlight Symmetrically placedwindows Front Gable Roof Front Façade with columns and corner pilasters Greek Revival Classical Revival BROAD CORNICE N E O C L A S S I C A L
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- 18. Drawing Room Marble Floor PlainWalls Dining Hall Tuscan Columns Cloistered Room
- 20. Steel Domeinstalled in1860s by the Viceroy Lord Elgin. Lord Curzon brought electricity and lift ( Bird Cage Lift ).
- 24. Drawing and diningrooms. Yellow Drawing Room: first floor , has wonderful paintings. Blue Drawing Room: Elegantly furnished room used by the governor to meet guest. Brown Dining Room: Adjacent to the Blue Dining room, it is used for small conferences and meetings. Halls and banquet rooms Throne Room: The Throne Room, as the name suggests, contains the throne of Wellesley. It also contains an Urn used to carry Mahatma Gandhi's ashes. Council Chamber. The Marble Hall : Located on the ground floor of the Raj Bhavan, this is used for state and private meetings. The Banquet Hall : The Banquet Hall with rows of Doric pillars on each side, flowering chandeliers and black Mahogany tables has entertained eminent guests like Queen Elizabeth.
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- 26. INDIAN MUSEUM 1875 by WALTERL. B. GRANVILLE KOLKATA “an Italianate palace ... around a colonnaded courtyard” ~ Jan Morris
- 27. SOCIO-CULTURAL • Beginning ofa significant epoch initiating the socio- cultural and scientific achievements of the country. • Beginning of modernity and end of medieval era
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- 30. Doric columns fused witharch opening Colonnaded corridor Large arched openings
- 31. SOUTHERN VERANDA VERANDA EASTERN Cornice on walls fordecoration Roof supported by arches
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- 37. St Paul's Cathedralin the very early twentieth century St Paul's Cathedral as it is today.
- 38. History: • 8 October1839 • architect William Nairn Forbes • Gothic revival style • Stucco ornamentation
- 39. pinnacle Rose window Lancet window tower finial Pointedarch archivolt tracery Gothic revival features:
- 40. Interior • Very lownave • Hall without any aisles on its flanks • Plastic art forms and memorabilia • Barrel vault roof • Stained glass
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- 42. History: • Designed in1864 • Walter B. Grenville (1819-1874) • located in the site of Fort William
- 43. Features: • 220 feethigh domed roof • Ionic-Corinthian pillars • supported by octagonal base • Neo classical architecture • Mannerist columns
- 44. VICTORIA MEMORIAL PLACE –KOLKATA (1906-1921) Designedby WILLIAM EMERSON
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- 46. STYLE • Indo SaracenicRevival Architecture - Architectural style movement by British architects in the late 19th century in British India. It drew elements from native Indo- Islamic and Indian architecture, and combined it with the Gothic revival and neo-classical styles favoured in Victorian Britain.
- 47. FEATURES • onion(bulbous) domes • overhanging eaves • pointed arches, cusped arches, or scalloped arches • Colonnaded area on both sides • Domed kiosks and many miniature domes • domed chhatris • pinnacles • towers or minarets • Use of Makrana marble
- 48. ITALIAN STATUES BRONZESTATUE OF QUEEN VICTORIA ANGEL OVER THE DOME WINDOW DETAILS
- 49. INTERIOR SIDE OFDOME HAREM WINDOWS
- 50. GARDEN • Total areaof 64 acre with the building covering an area of 338sq.Ft by 228 sq.Ft. • On way to the north gate is a bronze statue of Queen Victoria by Sir George Frampton.The Queen is seated on her throne, wearing the robes of the Star of India. • Approaching the building from the south, visitors pass the King Edward VII memorial arch with a bronze equestrian statue of the King by Sir Bertram Mackennal surmounting it and a marble statue of Lord Curzon by F.W. Pomeroy, R.A. • There are also other statues of various dignitaries like Lord Bentinck, Governor- General of India (1828-1835), Lord Ripon (Governor- General of India from 1880 to 1884; the statue of Sir Rajendranath Mookerjee, the pioneer industrialist of Bengal is on the eastern side.
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- 52. BELFAST CITY HALL STYLE– BAROQUE REVIVAL
- 53. WHY? • Sense of“rightful self-glorification”, which came to appeal to the aesthetic sensibilities of continental Europeans and Americans, whose architects came to astutely incorporate telling indigenous “Asian exoticism" elements, whilst implementing their own engineering innovations supporting such elaborate construction, both in India and abroad, evidence for which can be found to this day in public, private and government owned buildings. • Public and government buildings were often rendered on an intentionally grand scale, reflecting and promoting a notion of an unassailable and invincible British empire.
- 54. EMERGING ART DECOSTRUCTURES
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- 59. REFERENCES • http://rajbhavankolkata.gov.in/html/interior_new.htm • http://study.com/academy/lesson/baroque-architecture-style-characteristics-features.html •http://www.slideshare.net/maggiesalgado/baroque-p-pt • http://www.slideshare.net/raashi77/neoclassical-architecture-late-victorian-era-and-gothic-revival • https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Government_House_-_Kolkata_2011-12-18_0188.JPG • https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Kedleston_Hall_20080730-04.jpg • http://indianmuseumtt.org/Plan%20Your%20Visit.php • http://www.indianmuseumkolkata.org/Architecture%20through%20the%20Ages.php • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Western_Corridor_-_Ground_Floor_-_Indian_Museum_- _Kolkata_2014-04-04_4342.JPG • http://indiaheritagehub.org/2013/12/31/indian-museum-kolkata/
- 60. ‘…Not only Thehandsomest town in Asia but one of the finest in the world.” L. de Grandpré, French visitor in A Voyage in the Indian Ocean and to Bengal, 1803.
Editor's Notes
- #16 The plan comprises a central core with four radiating wings. The state rooms located in the central core are accessed from the outside by a flight of grand steps on the north. On the south is another portico surmounted by a colonnaded verandah with a dome above. The four wings accommodate the various offices and residential quarters along with four sets of staircases. The plan of the wings allows for a great deal of natural ventilation in the spaces while also permitting views across the gardens. The entire compound is surrounded by a balustraded wall with a grand arched gateways.
- #26 http://animeshray.com/restoration-of-esplanade-mansions/