This document provides guidance on frame selection and fitting based on facial features. It discusses factors to consider when using a wearer's old frame versus a new frame. It describes the seven basic facial shapes and recommendations for frame styles that complement each shape. Details are given on how frame color, weight, bridge design, and temple length can be selected based on facial characteristics to provide the best fit. Adjustable nose pads and bridge positioning are also covered to ensure comfort and proper weight distribution for the frame.

1. FRAME SELECTIONFRAME SELECTION
OPTOM FASLU MUHAMMED

2. The person aiding in selection mustThe person aiding in selection must
have the ability to know what the framehave the ability to know what the frame
will look like with lenses,& how it willwill look like with lenses,& how it will
perform in fulfilling the wearer’s needs.perform in fulfilling the wearer’s needs.

3. USING THE WEARER’S OLDUSING THE WEARER’S OLD
FRAMEFRAME
 There are a number of valid reasonsThere are a number of valid reasons
for wanting to use the old frame.for wanting to use the old frame.
 These include cost, comfort of theThese include cost, comfort of the
old frames, and sometimes theold frames, and sometimes the
inability of the wearer to look in theinability of the wearer to look in the
mirror with any other frame.mirror with any other frame.

4. FACTORS TO CONSIDER BEFOREFACTORS TO CONSIDER BEFORE
USING THE WEARER’S OLD FRAMEUSING THE WEARER’S OLD FRAME
 Putting new lenses in an old frame mayPutting new lenses in an old frame may
involve putting additional stress on theinvolve putting additional stress on the
frame.frame.
 Older frames may not withstand that stressOlder frames may not withstand that stress
very well, particularly older plastic framesvery well, particularly older plastic frames
that have become brittle with age.that have become brittle with age.
 It is hard to predict how long an old frameIt is hard to predict how long an old frame
will lastwill last

5.  If the old frame needs repairing in theIf the old frame needs repairing in the
future, will there be parts available.future, will there be parts available.
 Usually people keep their old glassesUsually people keep their old glasses
as a backup spare pair in case theyas a backup spare pair in case they
lose.lose.

6. COSMETICCOSMETIC
CONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONS
Any new frame will represent aAny new frame will represent a
change and will look strange.change and will look strange.
What is cosmetically correct for a givenWhat is cosmetically correct for a given
face must be related to whateverface must be related to whatever
styles are in vogue.styles are in vogue.

7. Frame shape & face shapeFrame shape & face shape
 Hair style can also alter the apparentHair style can also alter the apparent
shape of the face.shape of the face.
 A well selected frame can increase theA well selected frame can increase the
attractiveness of a faceattractiveness of a face
Facial typesFacial types
Fitter who has an understanding of facialFitter who has an understanding of facial
shapes will know how a frame will lookshapes will know how a frame will look
before placing it on the face.before placing it on the face.

8. 1.1. The oval face isThe oval face is
considered the idealconsidered the ideal
shape because of itsshape because of its
mostly balancedmostly balanced
proportionsproportions
2.2. Frames should maintainFrames should maintain
the natural balance of thethe natural balance of the
oval faceoval face
Oval Face: Description
Generally, there are seven basic facialGenerally, there are seven basic facial
shapes:shapes:

9. 1.1. Diamond-shaped faces areDiamond-shaped faces are
narrow at the eye line and thenarrow at the eye line and the
jaw line with a small foreheadjaw line with a small forehead
and chinand chin
2.2. Cheekbones are frequentlyCheekbones are frequently
high and dramatic.high and dramatic.
Diamond Face: Description

10. 3.3. The diamond is the rarestThe diamond is the rarest
face shapeface shape
4.4. Frames should widen theFrames should widen the
forehead and jaw andforehead and jaw and
minimize the temples andminimize the temples and
cheekbonescheekbones
Diamond Face: Description

11. 1.1. The round face is full withThe round face is full with
few anglesfew angles
2.2. The width and length are inThe width and length are in
roughly equal proportionsroughly equal proportions
3.3. Frames should make theFrames should make the
face appear longer andface appear longer and
thinnerthinner
Round Face: Description

12. 1.1. The square face isThe square face is
characterized by a strongcharacterized by a strong
jaw line, a broad forehead,jaw line, a broad forehead,
and a wide chin andand a wide chin and
cheekbonescheekbones
2.2. Frames should make theFrames should make the
face look longerface look longer
Square Face: Description

13. 1.1. The base-down triangularThe base-down triangular
face has a narrow foreheadface has a narrow forehead
that widens at the cheek andthat widens at the cheek and
chin areaschin areas
2.2. Frames should add width toFrames should add width to
the forehead while softeningthe forehead while softening
and narrowing theand narrowing the
appearance of the jaw, chin,appearance of the jaw, chin,
and cheeksand cheeks
3.3. The ideal face for glassesThe ideal face for glasses
Triangle Face: Description

14. 1.1. The base-up triangularThe base-up triangular
face is characterized by aface is characterized by a
very wide forehead andvery wide forehead and
high cheekbones whichhigh cheekbones which
narrows gradually to thenarrows gradually to the
chinchin
2.2. Frame should add widthFrame should add width
below the eye line to offsetbelow the eye line to offset
the narrow chinthe narrow chin
3.3. The worst face for glassesThe worst face for glasses
Inverted Triangle Face: Description

15. 1.1. The oblong face is one thatThe oblong face is one that
is longer than it is wideis longer than it is wide
2.2. Select a frame that isSelect a frame that is
deeper than it is wide todeeper than it is wide to
create the illusion that thecreate the illusion that the
face is shorterface is shorter
3.3. Frames should “break up”Frames should “break up”
the length of the face tothe length of the face to
make the face appearmake the face appear
shorter and widershorter and wider
Oblong Face: Description

16. Fitting by face shapeFitting by face shape
BASIC FITTING FITTING SUGGESTIONBASIC FITTING FITTING SUGGESTION
FACIALFACIAL SHAPESSHAPES
SHAPESSHAPES
Oval Normal May wear most any typeOval Normal May wear most any type
Oblong Long face Deep frameOblong Long face Deep frame
Low temple attachmentLow temple attachment
Round Wide face contrasting Narrow frameRound Wide face contrasting Narrow frame
Square shapes High temple attachmentSquare shapes High temple attachment
Base down Erect (base Fit size to larger part of lower facialBase down Erect (base Fit size to larger part of lower facial
Triangular down) trian - areaTriangular down) trian - area
gular face contrasting Dark colors or bolder look are in ordergular face contrasting Dark colors or bolder look are in order
Inverted Inverted (base shapes Unobtrusive frame (metal or rimlessInverted Inverted (base shapes Unobtrusive frame (metal or rimless
Triangle up) works well)Triangle up) works well)
Triangular face Light or medium weight frameTriangular face Light or medium weight frame
Lighter color is in orderLighter color is in order
Diamond Rounded lens shapeDiamond Rounded lens shape
Delicate characteristics of frame for womenDelicate characteristics of frame for women

17. Affecting the length of theAffecting the length of the
faceface
 For purposes of frameFor purposes of frame
selection, we are concernedselection, we are concerned
with the vertical and horizontalwith the vertical and horizontal
dimensions of the frame, thedimensions of the frame, the
roundness or squareness ofroundness or squareness of
the frame shape, and thethe frame shape, and the
coloration of the frame front.coloration of the frame front.
 As a general rule, the longerAs a general rule, the longer
the face, the greater thethe face, the greater the
vertical depth.vertical depth.

18.  The shorter the face, the smaller theThe shorter the face, the smaller the
vertical depthvertical depth
 A deeper frame is more complimentaryA deeper frame is more complimentary
to a long face.to a long face.

19. Frame colorFrame color
Hair color, skin color, feature size, and eye colorHair color, skin color, feature size, and eye color
can all give valuable clues to the suitability ofcan all give valuable clues to the suitability of
eyewear coloreyewear color
Facial featuresFacial features
The smaller and more delicate the features, theThe smaller and more delicate the features, the
lighter the frame color can be; the heavier thelighter the frame color can be; the heavier the
features, the darker the frame color allowable.features, the darker the frame color allowable.

20. Frame thicknessFrame thickness
 A man with large, broad face facial features whoA man with large, broad face facial features who
is smaller in stature than would be expected foris smaller in stature than would be expected for
the ruggedness of the face. To help neutralizethe ruggedness of the face. To help neutralize
the effect of a head out of proportion to the bodythe effect of a head out of proportion to the body
, a frame weight lighter than normal might be, a frame weight lighter than normal might be
used.used.
 Children and women with childlike features areChildren and women with childlike features are
especially complimented by a thin frame.especially complimented by a thin frame.

21. Fitting by frame weightFitting by frame weight
Frame weight indication forFrame weight indication for
Heavy large, broad featuresHeavy large, broad features
Medium normal features,largeMedium normal features,large
features,& small staturefeatures,& small stature
Light small, delicate features,Light small, delicate features,
women with childlikewomen with childlike
features, children.features, children.

22. BRIDGE DESIGNBRIDGE DESIGN
To Shorten theTo Shorten the
NoseNose::
 Choose a frameChoose a frame
with a low or solid,with a low or solid,
colored bridgecolored bridge
 Avoid a keyholeAvoid a keyhole
bridge, a highbridge, a high
bridge, or a clearbridge, or a clear
bridgebridge

23. To Lengthen the Nose:To Lengthen the Nose:
 Choose a keyholeChoose a keyhole
bridge, a high bridge, orbridge, a high bridge, or
a clear bridgea clear bridge
 Avoid a frame with a lowAvoid a frame with a low
or solid, colored bridgeor solid, colored bridge

24. To Narrow and LengthenTo Narrow and Lengthen
a Wide Nose:a Wide Nose:
 Use a clear or metalUse a clear or metal
bridge that sits close tobridge that sits close to
the nosethe nose
 Use nose padsUse nose pads

25. FITTING CONSIDERATIONSFITTING CONSIDERATIONS
Once the lens size and shape haveOnce the lens size and shape have
been selected, the well-fitted framebeen selected, the well-fitted frame
rests in the choice of the proper bridgerests in the choice of the proper bridge
and the proper temple style and lengthand the proper temple style and length

26. The bridgeThe bridge
 The appropriate bridge is determined byThe appropriate bridge is determined by
its width, the position of its pads, theits width, the position of its pads, the
frontal angle of the bridge at the pads, thefrontal angle of the bridge at the pads, the
flare or splay angle of the pads, and theflare or splay angle of the pads, and the
vertical angle of the pads.vertical angle of the pads.
 The bridge selected should not allow theThe bridge selected should not allow the
eyewires to ride on the cheeks.eyewires to ride on the cheeks.

27. Significant nasal angles forSignificant nasal angles for
fittingfitting
 If the nose is observed from the front, it will beIf the nose is observed from the front, it will be
noted that the two sides form anoted that the two sides form a frontal anglefrontal angle withwith
each other.each other.
 The angle with which each side deviates fromThe angle with which each side deviates from
the vertical is called frontal angle.the vertical is called frontal angle.
 TheThe splay anglesplay angle is seen as the nose widens fromis seen as the nose widens from
front to back. It can be best visualized as iffront to back. It can be best visualized as if
viewed from above.viewed from above.

28. Frontal anglesFrontal angles
 It refers to theIt refers to the
vertical position ofvertical position of
the pads in relationthe pads in relation
to each other whento each other when
viewed from theviewed from the
frontfront
 The top shouldThe top should
closer than bottomcloser than bottom
 Angling in towardAngling in toward
each othereach other
approximately 20approximately 2000
from a true verticalfrom a true vertical

29. Splay angleSplay angle
 Nose is wider at base than bridge,Nose is wider at base than bridge,
that the face of the pad should restthat the face of the pad should rest
fully on the nosefully on the nose
 It is apparent that the back edge ofIt is apparent that the back edge of
the pads should be further apart thanthe pads should be further apart than
the front edge of the each pad, viewedthe front edge of the each pad, viewed
from the top or the bottom is the splayfrom the top or the bottom is the splay
angleangle

30.  Initial alignment, a splay angle of 25 -30Initial alignment, a splay angle of 25 -3000
is satisfactoryis satisfactory

31. Vertical angleVertical angle
 This is important in ensuring properThis is important in ensuring proper
weight distribution under the padweight distribution under the pad
 Longitudinal axis of pad face is inLongitudinal axis of pad face is in
contact with the nose surfacecontact with the nose surface
 If pads are round no vertical angleIf pads are round no vertical angle
 Glasses are positioned on the noseGlasses are positioned on the nose
with proper pantoscopic anglewith proper pantoscopic angle

32.  A vertical angle of approx 15A vertical angle of approx 1500
isis
acceptableacceptable

33. Adjustable padsAdjustable pads
 The full flat surfaces of the pads rest on theThe full flat surfaces of the pads rest on the
sides of the nose.sides of the nose.
 The pads can be adjusted individually for eachThe pads can be adjusted individually for each
side of the nose.side of the nose.
 In selecting a frame with adjustable pads, theIn selecting a frame with adjustable pads, the
principal criteria are:principal criteria are:
1.1. The DBL should be such that the pads can beThe DBL should be such that the pads can be
easily set to rest on the sides of the nose.easily set to rest on the sides of the nose.

34. 2. When heavy frames or lenses are being2. When heavy frames or lenses are being
selected, the following factors influence padselected, the following factors influence pad
comfort.comfort.
a.a. The inclination of the frontal angle of the noseThe inclination of the frontal angle of the nose
on which the pad surface will rest. The closeron which the pad surface will rest. The closer
to vertical the pad is, the greater will be theto vertical the pad is, the greater will be the
pressure on the nose to hold the frame inpressure on the nose to hold the frame in
place.place.
b.b. If the surface of the pad is almost vertical, it isIf the surface of the pad is almost vertical, it is
best to use lightweight lenses. Pads madebest to use lightweight lenses. Pads made
from silicone material do not trend to slip asfrom silicone material do not trend to slip as
much as regular plastic pads.much as regular plastic pads.

35. 33.. In selecting a frame with an adjustable bridge.In selecting a frame with an adjustable bridge.
Care must also be given to the type of pad armCare must also be given to the type of pad arm
and its attachment to the eyewear. Very shortand its attachment to the eyewear. Very short
vertically attached pad arms. Such arms allowvertically attached pad arms. Such arms allow
only very limited adjustment of the pads.only very limited adjustment of the pads.
4. The center of gravity of a heavy frame is closer4. The center of gravity of a heavy frame is closer
to the front. If the pads are set closer to theto the front. If the pads are set closer to the
frame front, the frame moves closer to theframe front, the frame moves closer to the
face. This places the center of gravity fartherface. This places the center of gravity farther
back, resulting in the frame staying in placeback, resulting in the frame staying in place
more easily.more easily.

36. Children’s bridgesChildren’s bridges
 It has been found that in children betweenIt has been found that in children between
the ages of 3 and 18 yrs there is only athe ages of 3 and 18 yrs there is only a
slight change in the crest angle of theslight change in the crest angle of the
nose the slope from the crest to the tip ofnose the slope from the crest to the tip of
the nose.the nose.
 A larger pad or contact surface area helpsA larger pad or contact surface area helps
the frame sit better.the frame sit better.

37. Fitting temple stylesFitting temple styles
Temple style indicated for contraindicated forTemple style indicated for contraindicated for
Comfort cable active people Off and on wearComfort cable active people Off and on wear
or riding bow jobs requiring unusualor riding bow jobs requiring unusual
head positionshead positions
young childrenyoung children
Especially heavy fra -Especially heavy fra -
mes and/or lensesmes and/or lenses
Straight back Off and on wear Heavy lensesStraight back Off and on wear Heavy lenses
Persons with parallel -Persons with parallel -
sided nosessided noses
Frames with week frontsFrames with week fronts
Skull Normal,everyday Jobs requiring unusual headSkull Normal,everyday Jobs requiring unusual head
wear positionswear positions

38. SELECTING FRAMES FOR THESELECTING FRAMES FOR THE
PROGRESSIVE ADDITION LENS WEARERPROGRESSIVE ADDITION LENS WEARER
A progressive addition lens wearerA progressive addition lens wearer
needs a frame with:needs a frame with:
1.1. A minimal vertex distance.A minimal vertex distance.
2.2. An adequate pantoscopic tilt.An adequate pantoscopic tilt.
3.3. Sufficient vertical depth in the nasalSufficient vertical depth in the nasal
portion of the frame shape.portion of the frame shape.

39. FITTING THE HIGH MINUSFITTING THE HIGH MINUS
WEARERWEARER
USE AVOIDUSE AVOID
Smaller eye size Large lensesSmaller eye size Large lenses
If in B/w sizes, use the Excessive decentrationIf in B/w sizes, use the Excessive decentration
smaller indicated eye sizesmaller indicated eye size
& larger indicated bridge size& larger indicated bridge size
Rounded corners Squared off cornersRounded corners Squared off corners
Low density (light wt) Crown glass lensesLow density (light wt) Crown glass lenses
lenses if wt reduction islenses if wt reduction is
importantimportant

40. Midindex or high index Low index lenses,suchMidindex or high index Low index lenses,such
lenses,such as polycarbonate as CR 39 plastic lenseslenses,such as polycarbonate as CR 39 plastic lenses
or high index plasticor high index plastic
Antireflection coating or Frames that extend beyondAntireflection coating or Frames that extend beyond
a light tint the side of the wearer’sa light tint the side of the wearer’s
headhead
Aspheric or atoric lenses Flat, non-AR coated frontAspheric or atoric lenses Flat, non-AR coated front
curvescurves

41. FITTING THE HIGH PLUSFITTING THE HIGH PLUS
WEARERWEARER
USEUSE
AVOIDAVOID
Smaller eye size Large lensesSmaller eye size Large lenses
Rounded lens shapes unusual shapes &Rounded lens shapes unusual shapes &
longlong
cornerscorners
Short vertex distance Large vertexShort vertex distance Large vertex
distancesdistances
Adjustable (nose pad) Fixed bridgesAdjustable (nose pad) Fixed bridges

42. Cable or securely fitting Library & straight backCable or securely fitting Library & straight back
temples templestemples temples
High index plastics Glass & CR 39 lensesHigh index plastics Glass & CR 39 lenses

43. ReferenceReference
 System for ophthalmic dispensing (3System for ophthalmic dispensing (3rdrd
edition )edition )

44. Any doubts ??

45. Proficiency testProficiency test
 Which of the following is indicatedWhich of the following is indicated
and should be used when fitting theand should be used when fitting the
high minus lens wearer?high minus lens wearer?
1.1. Rounded cornersRounded corners
2.2. Large lensesLarge lenses
3.3. Crown glass lensesCrown glass lenses
4.4. Excessive decentrationExcessive decentration

46.  The lower the frame bridge, the greaterThe lower the frame bridge, the greater
the effect of:the effect of:
1.1. Shortening of the noseShortening of the nose
2.2. Lengthening of the noseLengthening of the nose
3.3. No changeNo change
4.4. Longer the faceLonger the face

47.  Which of the following is not an importantWhich of the following is not an important
criterion in choosing a frame for acriterion in choosing a frame for a
progressive additional lens wearer?progressive additional lens wearer?
1.1. A minimal vertex distanceA minimal vertex distance
2.2. Adequate pantoscopic tiltAdequate pantoscopic tilt
3.3. Sufficient vertical depth in the nasalSufficient vertical depth in the nasal
portion of the frame shape.portion of the frame shape.
4.4. All of the above are important criterionAll of the above are important criterion
when choosing a frame for a progressivewhen choosing a frame for a progressive
addition lens wearer.addition lens wearer.

48.  Which of the following should be avoidedWhich of the following should be avoided
when fitting a high minus wearer?when fitting a high minus wearer?
1.1. A high index lens materialA high index lens material
2.2. Squared off cornersSquared off corners
3.3. Aspheric lensesAspheric lenses
4.4. Smaller eye sizeSmaller eye size

49.  Which of the following is not a goodWhich of the following is not a good
frame characteristic for a person havingframe characteristic for a person having
a high plus lens prescription?a high plus lens prescription?
1.1. Small lens sizeSmall lens size
2.2. Adjustable bridgeAdjustable bridge
3.3. Library templesLibrary temples
4.4. High index lensesHigh index lenses

50. ThanksssThanksss
ss