This document discusses different types of screening. It defines screening as searching for unrecognized disease through tests on apparently healthy people. The main types discussed are: 1. Mass screening tests entire populations, like tuberculosis screening, regardless of risk. It finds hidden diseases for treatment but not prevention. 2. High-risk screening selectively tests groups at higher risk, like screening babies if a family has Down's syndrome. 3. Multiphasic screening uses multiple tests on many people at once, combining tests, exams, and measurements to screen for several diseases simultaneously. 4. Multipurpose screening screens populations for more than one disease using multiple tests at the same time, like screening pregnant women for several

1. By
Praveen
Roll -96
Guided by -Sipra mam
Guided by -Sipra mam
Guided by -Sipra mam
Types OF Screening

2. DEFINITION
• It is defined as “the search for unrecognized
disease or defect by means of rapidly applied
tests, examinations or other procedures in
apparently healthy individuals.”
• Historically it means “the detection of hidden
diseases.”

3. TYPES OF SCREENING
1. Mass screening
2. High risk or selective or targeted screening.
3. Multiphasic screening.
4. Multipurpose screening.
5. Opportunistic and case finding screening.

4. MASS SCREENING
 Mass screening simply means the
screening of a whole population or a sub
group.
E.g. Adults.

5.  It is offered to all irrespective of a particular risk of
individual may run of contracting the disease in
question.
E.g. Tuberculosis
 Mass screening for disease received enthusiastic
support in the past.

7. Diagram representing mass screening and treatment
•

8. Contd…
 Mass screening is not useful for
preventive measures but it is useful for a
suitable treatment that will reduce the
duration of illness or alter its final
outcome.

9. Examples for mass screening:
a. Visual defects in school children.
b. Mammography in women aged 40 years.
c. New born screening program in japan.

10. TESTING VISUAL DEFECTS IN CHILDREN

11. Mass screening of HEPATITIS B virus

12. Mass screening for T.B

13. HIGH-RISK OR SELECTIVE
SCREENING
 It is applied selectively to high risk groups, the
groups defined on the basis of epidemiological
research.

14. • Examples:
a. Screening foetus for Down’s syndrome in a
mother who already has a baby with Down’s
syndrome.
b. Screening for familiar cancers, HTN and DM.
c. Screening for cancer cervix in low social
groups.
d. Screening for HIV in risk groups.

15. The nuchal fold, seen here in a view through lower portion of fetal head,
could indicate a high risk for Down syndrome if thickness is increased.

16. MULTIPHASIC SCREENING
 It has been defined as the application of two
or more screening tests in combination to a
large number of people at one time than to
carry out screening tests for single diseases.

17.  The procedure may also include health
questionnaire, clinical examination and a range
of measurements and investigations.
E.g.
1) Chemical and hematological tests on blood
and urine specimens.
2) Lung function assessment, audiometry and
measurement of visual acuity.

18. Multiphasic Screening for
Diabetes

19. MULTI PURPOSE SCREENING
 The screening of a population by more
than one test done simultaneously to
detect more than one disease.
 Example:
• Screening of a pregnant women for VDRL,
HIV, HBV by serological tests.

20. VDRL test antigen VDRL slide

22. Screening for Hypertension and DM

23. OPPORTUNISTIC AND CASE FINDING
SCREENING
 There is no accurate or precise diagnostic
test for the disease and where the frequency
of its occurrence in the population is small.
The main objective is to detect disease and
bring patients to treatment.
 Example: RHD in children.

26. Thank You