1) The process of hydraulic fracturing involves six main steps: seismic exploration, site preparation, drilling the well, completing the well, finishing the site, and marketing the gas. 2) Drilling the well involves drilling an average of 1.5 miles below the surface and can extend horizontal laterals up to 3,500 feet with minimal surface disruption, reducing the industry's surface footprint by 90%. 3) Completing the well involves hydraulic fracturing or "fracking" which uses water, sand and additives pumped under high pressure to fracture the rock and release natural gas for extraction.

1. Hydraulic Fracturing 101

3. Gas Well Process
•Basically six steps
involved:
1. Seismic exploration
2. Site preparation
3. Drilling the well
4. Completing the well
5. Finishing the site
6. Marketing the gas

4. Seismic Exploration

5. Site Preparation
– Prior to drilling, pad site is
prepared as needed
– Drilling multiple wells from a
single pad site reduces the
number of pad sites needed
– With fewer pad sites, overall
environmental footprint is
reduced

6. Drilling the well
Rockwood, Fort Worth

7. Drilling the Well
– Average depth is 1.5 miles
below surface
– Horizontal laterals can reach
beneath schools, neighborhoods
and businesses with minimal
surface disruption
– Horizontal drilling reduces
industry’s surface footprint by
90%
– Computer-driven,
state-of-the-art technology
1.5 miles below surface
3,500 feet average lateral length
8,000 ft
Average vertical
depth

8. Wellbore Integrity
• 7 layers of protection isolate our well bore
from its surroundings, preventing any
exposure of chemicals, gas, or produced
water with the environment
1. Conductor casing
2. Cement, sealing conductor casing in place
3. Surface casing
4. Cement, sealing surface casing in place
5. Production casing
6. Cement, sealing production casing in place
7. Tubing
•The surface casing is drilled to a
minimum depth of between 50 to 100 feet
below the Trinity aquifer

9. Completing the Well
– “Frac’ing” or “fracing” or
“fracking” is the next step
– Fracking is the process to
stimulate the natural gas to
flow out of the hard shale
– Fracking uses water mixed
with sand and additives
pumped under high
pressure
– The water “fractures” the
rock like a windshield
cracks when hit by a stone
– Sand holds the cracks open
Illustration of hydraulic fracturing or “fracing”

10. 10

11. Fracking
– Fracking occurs
sometime
after drilling
– Process usually takes
5 – 7 days per well
– Fracking typically takes
place during daytime
hours and generally
only on weekdays (due
to sound level
ordinances)
Equipment used in hydraulic fracturing

12. Fresh Water Ponds
– Used to hold large volumes of fresh
water for “fracking” and other onsite
needs
– Potential to serve more than one drill
site
– Can be reclaimed or given to landowner

13. Fresh Water Ponds
Novikoff Frac Pond, Fort Worth

14. Finishing the Well
– Well head, meters,
pumps and safety
equipment
– Production equipment
installed and painted
– Quietly produces
odorless natural gas for
decades (the odor is
added before the gas
comes into homes)

15. Finishing the Site
– Well site is finished
and landscaped
– Install appropriate
permanent fencing
specs per city code
– Energy company
returns regularly to:
• Maintain equipment
• Monitor production rate
• Remove produced
water

16. Finished Well Site
– Rigs are temporary
– Finished well sites
blend into urban
areas
– Landscaped
according to city
ordinances

17. 4th Street Model, Fort Worth4th Street Model, Fort Worth
Typical Finished Well Site

18. Completed Well Site
Hidden Creek, BurlesonHidden Creek, Burleson

19. Poly, Fort Worth
Completed Well Site
Poly, Fort Worth

20. Marketing the Gas
– Process to take natural
gas from the well site to
market
– Pipelines installed
• Gathering lines are
the “streets”
• Transmission lines are
the “highways
– Similar to gas lines that
currently bring natural
gas
to your homes and
offices

21. Gas Transportation – From Wellhead to Homes
Upstream
Midstream