This document provides an overview of common knit fabric faults, their causes, and remedies. It discusses various types of defects that can occur during knitting, dyeing, finishing or due to issues with the yarn, machine settings, or knitting elements. Specific faults covered include drop stitches, streakiness, barriness, imperfections, snarls, spirality, contaminations, needle lines, horizontal lines, broken needles/laddering, sinker lines, oil lines, fabric press off, and broken ends. For each fault, the document explains the definition, potential causes, and recommended remedies to address the issue and prevent reoccurrence. The goal is to identify how and why different knitting defects arise so they can
The document discusses different types of knitting faults that occur in knit fabrics, their causes, and potential remedies. It analyzes data from quality inspection sheets of various knit fabric samples and examines how changing stitch length affects common faults. The types of faults studied include holes/cracks, loops/dropped stitches, Lycra out, knots, barre, streaks, snarls, contaminations, spirality, needle lines, sinker lines, oil lines, surface hairiness, pilling, and bowing. Statistical analysis of single jersey fabric samples shows the percentage of each fault can be reduced from the existing process to a developing process by implementing remedies such as ensuring uniform yarn tension, feed rate, and fabric
Study on Different Types of Knitting Faults, Causes and Remedies of Knit FabricsMd. Ariful Islam
This document discusses various types of knitting faults that can occur in knit fabrics, their causes, and potential remedies. It outlines 20 different types of common knitting defects such as drop stitches, barriness, pin holes, and broken needles. For each defect type, the document explains the likely causes such as yarn tension issues, machine problems, or material quality issues. It then provides recommendations for remedies such as ensuring uniform yarn tension, properly maintaining machine parts, and using quality materials. The goal is to help knitting mills identify and address defects in order to improve fabric quality and avoid rejections.
This document analyzes common knitting fabric faults and their remedies. It discusses five common faults: needle broken, thick and thin fabric, pin holes, broken needles, and dropped stitches. For each fault, it identifies potential causes such as dirt on needles, yarn tension variations, improper tension, curved needle latches, and yarn imperfections. It also provides recommendations for remedies like minimizing yarn tension, changing needles, maintaining uniform tension, and ensuring consistent yarn quality. The document aims to help knitters identify and address common fabric defects.
This document discusses various types of defects that can occur in knitted fabrics, including yarn-related defects, knitting element defects, machine setting defects, dyeing defects, and finishing defects. Specific defects are defined such as drop stitches, barriness, imperfections, and spirality. The causes and remedies are provided for each defect. In conclusion, detecting faults during knitted fabric production is important for quality and productivity, and identifying the source and solutions for defects can help knitters overcome faults.
This document discusses root causes of faults in knitted fabrics and their remedies. It begins by introducing the aims of analyzing fabric faults. It then covers causes and remedies for faults originating from yarns, such as barriness, spirality, shrinkage, and thick/thin places. Knitting-related faults like cracks, pin holes, contamination, and broken needles are also examined. Finally, dyeing and finishing faults such as shade variation, pin holes, creases, spots, and dust are analyzed. The conclusion restates that identifying fault sources allows knitters to take steps to prevent defects and improve quality and productivity.
This document lists and describes various woven fabric faults, including their causes and remedies. It discusses faults such as starting marks, loose warp, double ends, broken warp, tight ends, float of warp, wrong end colour, broken pick, miss pick, double pick, snarl or loose weft, weft bar, ball, holes, oil spot, tails out, temple mark, temple pierced hole, cut/torn selvedge, reed mark, slub, foreign material, hairy fabric, thick and thin places, high twisted yarn, and oil stained yarn. For each fault, it provides the reason for why the fault occurs and recommendations for how to remedy the problem. The document was prepared by Maz
Detection of faults during production of knitted fabric is crucial for improved quality and productivity. The yarn input tension is an important parameter that can he used for this purpose. We can Problems faced in the Knitted Fabrics, due to the Dyeing & Finishing processes
The document discusses different types of knitting faults that occur in knit fabrics, their causes, and potential remedies. It analyzes data from quality inspection sheets of various knit fabric samples and examines how changing stitch length affects common faults. The types of faults studied include holes/cracks, loops/dropped stitches, Lycra out, knots, barre, streaks, snarls, contaminations, spirality, needle lines, sinker lines, oil lines, surface hairiness, pilling, and bowing. Statistical analysis of single jersey fabric samples shows the percentage of each fault can be reduced from the existing process to a developing process by implementing remedies such as ensuring uniform yarn tension, feed rate, and fabric
Study on Different Types of Knitting Faults, Causes and Remedies of Knit FabricsMd. Ariful Islam
This document discusses various types of knitting faults that can occur in knit fabrics, their causes, and potential remedies. It outlines 20 different types of common knitting defects such as drop stitches, barriness, pin holes, and broken needles. For each defect type, the document explains the likely causes such as yarn tension issues, machine problems, or material quality issues. It then provides recommendations for remedies such as ensuring uniform yarn tension, properly maintaining machine parts, and using quality materials. The goal is to help knitting mills identify and address defects in order to improve fabric quality and avoid rejections.
This document analyzes common knitting fabric faults and their remedies. It discusses five common faults: needle broken, thick and thin fabric, pin holes, broken needles, and dropped stitches. For each fault, it identifies potential causes such as dirt on needles, yarn tension variations, improper tension, curved needle latches, and yarn imperfections. It also provides recommendations for remedies like minimizing yarn tension, changing needles, maintaining uniform tension, and ensuring consistent yarn quality. The document aims to help knitters identify and address common fabric defects.
This document discusses various types of defects that can occur in knitted fabrics, including yarn-related defects, knitting element defects, machine setting defects, dyeing defects, and finishing defects. Specific defects are defined such as drop stitches, barriness, imperfections, and spirality. The causes and remedies are provided for each defect. In conclusion, detecting faults during knitted fabric production is important for quality and productivity, and identifying the source and solutions for defects can help knitters overcome faults.
This document discusses root causes of faults in knitted fabrics and their remedies. It begins by introducing the aims of analyzing fabric faults. It then covers causes and remedies for faults originating from yarns, such as barriness, spirality, shrinkage, and thick/thin places. Knitting-related faults like cracks, pin holes, contamination, and broken needles are also examined. Finally, dyeing and finishing faults such as shade variation, pin holes, creases, spots, and dust are analyzed. The conclusion restates that identifying fault sources allows knitters to take steps to prevent defects and improve quality and productivity.
This document lists and describes various woven fabric faults, including their causes and remedies. It discusses faults such as starting marks, loose warp, double ends, broken warp, tight ends, float of warp, wrong end colour, broken pick, miss pick, double pick, snarl or loose weft, weft bar, ball, holes, oil spot, tails out, temple mark, temple pierced hole, cut/torn selvedge, reed mark, slub, foreign material, hairy fabric, thick and thin places, high twisted yarn, and oil stained yarn. For each fault, it provides the reason for why the fault occurs and recommendations for how to remedy the problem. The document was prepared by Maz
Detection of faults during production of knitted fabric is crucial for improved quality and productivity. The yarn input tension is an important parameter that can he used for this purpose. We can Problems faced in the Knitted Fabrics, due to the Dyeing & Finishing processes
Defects of garment(print, fabric & sewing)Rupak Barua,
This document discusses various types of defects that can occur in fabric, printing, dyeing, sewing, and other stages of apparel production. It begins by defining defects and classifying them based on their severity. Section 1 then lists and describes common fabric defects such as loose warp, double ends, broken warp, and oil spots. Section 2 covers dyeing, printing and finishing faults. Section 3 examines sewing problems like slipped stitches, seam pucker, and variable stitch density. Section 4 lists other defects from sizing, ironing, trims and accessories. The document emphasizes that defects can lead to lower prices or seconds goods, creating significant value loss. It stresses the importance of quality control and remedial measures to minimize defects
The document provides information about fabric defects found in woven and knitted fabrics. It begins with introductions of members and the institute. It then defines fabric defects and discusses the importance of identifying defects. Major defects in woven fabrics like selvedge issues, broken yarns, floats, and stains are described. Defects in knitted fabrics like holes, dropped stitches, and vertical/horizontal stripes are also outlined. Causes and remedies are provided for each defect type.
Weaving is a method of textile production that involves interlacing two sets of yarns at right angles to each other on a loom. This crossing of yarns forms a fabric or cloth. Knitting is another method that uses a single yarn and two needles to form loops that interlock in rows, giving the resulting fabric more stretch than woven fabrics. The document then provides various reasons for and remedies to common faults that can occur during weaving and knitting processes.
Sewing problems consist of issues with stitch formation, seam pucker, and fabric damage at the seam line. Problems with stitch formation include slipped stitches, staggered stitches, unbalanced stitches, variable stitch density, and frequent thread breakage. These issues are caused by improper needle size/tension, thread size, and machine adjustments. Seam pucker is caused by unequal fabric stretch, shrinkage differences between fabrics, excessive thread tension, and thread/fabric properties. Fabric damage occurs from mechanical damage or heat damage by the needle, which can be addressed by selecting the proper needle size/shape and machine settings.
This document defines and describes various types of defects that can occur in woven, terry, velvet, and knitted fabrics. It lists specific defects such as slubs, knots, holes, and broken patterns. For each defect type, it discusses the potential causes and methods for mending or correcting the defects. The main types of defects covered are fabric construction errors, foreign particles, oil or other stains, and distortions in the fabric structure. Maintaining quality at each stage of production is important to avoid defects that can lower the price and reputation of fabrics.
This document discusses various types of fabric defects in woven and knitted fabrics. It begins by defining a fabric defect and explaining its importance. For woven fabrics, 13 common defects are described including loose warp, double ends, broken warp, and oil spots. Causes and remedies are provided for each defect type. For knitted fabrics, 11 defects are covered such as needle lines, holes, thick and thin places, and missing yarn. The document concludes by stating that fabric defects can result in significant value loss, so manufacturers should aim to minimize defects through appropriate remedies.
This document discusses various types of defects that can occur in woven, terry, velvet, and knitted fabrics. It lists specific defects such as slubs, knots, holes, and broken patterns. For each defect, it describes the cause and whether the defect can be mended or not. Reducing defects is important to avoid rejection of fabrics and maintain company image and prices.
This document discusses various faults that can occur in knitted fabrics during manufacturing and processing. It identifies common defects like dropped stitches, yarn breaks, thick and thin areas, color shading, holes, and barriness. The causes of each defect are explained, such as issues with the yarn quality, machine settings, tension, or needles. Remedies are provided to address defects by ensuring uniform yarn tension, count variation, hardness, and drive systems. Timely detection of faults is important to improve quality and productivity in knitted fabric production.
The document discusses various types of faults that can occur in textile manufacturing and woven fabrics. It describes 18 common faults including starting mark, loose warp, double end, broken warp, tight end, float of warp, wrong end color, broken pick, miss pick, double pick, snarl or loose weft, weft bar, ball, holes, oil spot, temple mark, temple pierced hole, and cut/torn selvedge. For each fault, it provides the reasons they may occur and recommendations for remedies. It also discusses faults related to yarn production and garment defects.
This document defines fabric defects and lists common defects found in woven and knitted fabrics. It provides examples of 13 common woven fabric defects such as loose warp, double ends, broken warp, and their causes and remedies. For knitted fabrics, it lists 11 defects including needle lines, holes, oil marks, and their typical causes. The conclusion states that fabric defects can result in lower sales prices and value loss, so manufacturers should aim to minimize defects through appropriate remedies.
Seam And its Classification with seam problemSadia Textile
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What is Seam?
A seam is a joint of two pieces of fabric in producing a three -dimensional shape of a garment.
Properties of good seam are,
= Smooth fabric joints
= No Missed or Uneven stitches
= No damage to the material being sewn
= Achievement of strength, elasticity, Durability, security and comfort
= Comfortable while garment is in use
SEAMS DESIGNATION
Each stitched seam is designed numerically by five digits:
0.00.00 refers to the CLASS, 1-8;
0.00.00 refers to the material configuration,
01 to 99;
0.00.00 refers to needle penetrations, material configurations, 01-99.
Seam Classification:
According to British Standard 3870: 1991, seam is classified as-
Class 1- superimposed
Class 2- lapped
Class 3- bound
Class 4- flat
Class 5- decorative/channel
Class 6- edge neatening
Class 7- applied
Class 8- others
* Formed by lapping two pieces of component, they are produced with minimum of two pieces of component.
* One component is limited on one end and the other is limited on the other end. The limited edges of these two components are put in opposite directions.
* Used for: main seaming of denim jackets, jeans, and overalls. Fabrics that will not ravel, unlined garments, side seams of shirts, joining lace to another fabric, attaching patch pockets, decorative finish
This document discusses various types of defects that can occur in woven, terry, velvet, and knitted fabrics. It lists specific defect types such as slubs, knots, holes, and broken patterns. For each defect type, it describes the cause of the defect and how it can be mended or avoided in the manufacturing process through careful machine settings and use of quality yarns and materials. Controlling defects is important to maintain high fabric quality and avoid rejected materials.
This document profiles two textile companies - Alim Knitwear Ltd and GMS Composite Knitting Industries Ltd. It then provides details on common faults that occur during various stages of textile production including yarn manufacturing, knitting, dyeing, printing, and garment assembly. For each type of fault, the causes and recommended remedies are outlined. Diagrams display the most common faults and most effective remedies for different stages of production. The document aims to help textile workers address issues that lower production capacity.
This document discusses various types of garment defects. It categorizes defects into three groups: fabric defects caused by issues with the fabric itself, workmanship defects caused during the production process, and trim defects related to accessories. Specific defect types are defined such as seam puckering, dropped stitches, and holes. Potential causes of each defect are provided along with recommended remedies such as properly selecting and tensioning thread, adjusting machine settings, and improving quality inspections. Defects are further classified as critical, major, or minor depending on their severity.
This document discusses different types of garment defects categorized into 3 groups: 1) fabric defects found in the material itself, 2) workmanship and handling defects caused during production, and 3) defects related to trims, accessories, and embellishments. Workmanship defects include seam puckering, shading variations, open or broken seams, broken stitches, dropped stitches, wavy stitching, and loose threads. Defects are further classified as critical, major, or minor depending on their severity. Typical defects from each category are provided as examples.
Fabric defects in woven and knitted fabric - hitesh choudharyHitesh Choudhary
This document provides information about various types of fabric defects, their causes, and methods for inspection and grading. It begins with definitions of a fabric defect and examples of common defects seen in woven, knitted, terry, and velvet fabrics. Specific defects are then described in more detail such as knots, holes, missing threads, oil stains, and more. Grading systems for inspecting and assigning penalty points to defects are also outlined, including the 4-point and 10-point systems. The document aims to help identify, mend, and minimize fabric defects.
The document discusses defects that can occur in knitted fabrics. It begins by defining a fabric defect as an abnormality that spoils the fabric's appearance and affects its performance. There are many types of defects that can be caused by a variety of reasons. Specific defects mentioned include knots, which come from yarn winding and can cause breaks during knitting. Factors that influence the rate of end breaks due to knots are then discussed, such as knitting pattern, yarn type, tension, stitch depth, and machine settings. The document also mentions that computer vision methods like texture recognition can be used to detect common fabric defects like cracks, holes, and stains.
This document is a student project report submitted to Southeast University on December 28, 2013 about fabric and garment faults, their causes, and remedies. It summarizes common knitting, weaving, dyeing, printing and finishing faults along with their potential causes. It also describes fabric inspection methods, quality parameters, and AQL standards. The report is intended to help understand fabric and garment faults that commonly occur in the textile industry and ways to address them.
This document summarizes common faults that can occur during textile manufacturing processes and their potential causes and remedies. It discusses knitting, dyeing, finishing, printing, cutting, sewing, and garment faults. Examples of specific faults mentioned include holes, loops, lycra out, uneven dyeing, crease marks, squeezer marks, unfused edges, miss prints, weak stitches, seam puckering, and stains. Potential causes provided for each fault and recommended remedies such as properly cleaning machines, ensuring even dyeing conditions, using standard procedures, and removing contamination. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of care during processing and prevention to minimize faults.
Resource Availability Prediction in the Grid: Taxonomy and Review of State of...IJEACS
Use of Grid Computing for carrying out cooperative work from distributed resources has been into practice for the past several years. Efficient execution of various tasks on the grid comes with various challenges. One of them is to ensure that a particular resource remains available during the execution of task. The dynamic nature of resources makes it even more challenging to predict resource availability for complete task duration. This paper is an attempt to address this issue by providing a comprehensive review of the existing methods along with a stated taxonomy of the approaches used.
Vignesh M is seeking a position as a design/sales support engineer where he can use his analytical skills and experience. He has over 5 years of experience in lighting design, project management, and sales support for various lighting projects in Dubai. He has a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering and has worked for companies such as Tectronics LLC and Electrical Lighting Company in Dubai. He is proficient in AutoCAD, RevitMEP, and other software.
Defects of garment(print, fabric & sewing)Rupak Barua,
This document discusses various types of defects that can occur in fabric, printing, dyeing, sewing, and other stages of apparel production. It begins by defining defects and classifying them based on their severity. Section 1 then lists and describes common fabric defects such as loose warp, double ends, broken warp, and oil spots. Section 2 covers dyeing, printing and finishing faults. Section 3 examines sewing problems like slipped stitches, seam pucker, and variable stitch density. Section 4 lists other defects from sizing, ironing, trims and accessories. The document emphasizes that defects can lead to lower prices or seconds goods, creating significant value loss. It stresses the importance of quality control and remedial measures to minimize defects
The document provides information about fabric defects found in woven and knitted fabrics. It begins with introductions of members and the institute. It then defines fabric defects and discusses the importance of identifying defects. Major defects in woven fabrics like selvedge issues, broken yarns, floats, and stains are described. Defects in knitted fabrics like holes, dropped stitches, and vertical/horizontal stripes are also outlined. Causes and remedies are provided for each defect type.
Weaving is a method of textile production that involves interlacing two sets of yarns at right angles to each other on a loom. This crossing of yarns forms a fabric or cloth. Knitting is another method that uses a single yarn and two needles to form loops that interlock in rows, giving the resulting fabric more stretch than woven fabrics. The document then provides various reasons for and remedies to common faults that can occur during weaving and knitting processes.
Sewing problems consist of issues with stitch formation, seam pucker, and fabric damage at the seam line. Problems with stitch formation include slipped stitches, staggered stitches, unbalanced stitches, variable stitch density, and frequent thread breakage. These issues are caused by improper needle size/tension, thread size, and machine adjustments. Seam pucker is caused by unequal fabric stretch, shrinkage differences between fabrics, excessive thread tension, and thread/fabric properties. Fabric damage occurs from mechanical damage or heat damage by the needle, which can be addressed by selecting the proper needle size/shape and machine settings.
This document defines and describes various types of defects that can occur in woven, terry, velvet, and knitted fabrics. It lists specific defects such as slubs, knots, holes, and broken patterns. For each defect type, it discusses the potential causes and methods for mending or correcting the defects. The main types of defects covered are fabric construction errors, foreign particles, oil or other stains, and distortions in the fabric structure. Maintaining quality at each stage of production is important to avoid defects that can lower the price and reputation of fabrics.
This document discusses various types of fabric defects in woven and knitted fabrics. It begins by defining a fabric defect and explaining its importance. For woven fabrics, 13 common defects are described including loose warp, double ends, broken warp, and oil spots. Causes and remedies are provided for each defect type. For knitted fabrics, 11 defects are covered such as needle lines, holes, thick and thin places, and missing yarn. The document concludes by stating that fabric defects can result in significant value loss, so manufacturers should aim to minimize defects through appropriate remedies.
This document discusses various types of defects that can occur in woven, terry, velvet, and knitted fabrics. It lists specific defects such as slubs, knots, holes, and broken patterns. For each defect, it describes the cause and whether the defect can be mended or not. Reducing defects is important to avoid rejection of fabrics and maintain company image and prices.
This document discusses various faults that can occur in knitted fabrics during manufacturing and processing. It identifies common defects like dropped stitches, yarn breaks, thick and thin areas, color shading, holes, and barriness. The causes of each defect are explained, such as issues with the yarn quality, machine settings, tension, or needles. Remedies are provided to address defects by ensuring uniform yarn tension, count variation, hardness, and drive systems. Timely detection of faults is important to improve quality and productivity in knitted fabric production.
The document discusses various types of faults that can occur in textile manufacturing and woven fabrics. It describes 18 common faults including starting mark, loose warp, double end, broken warp, tight end, float of warp, wrong end color, broken pick, miss pick, double pick, snarl or loose weft, weft bar, ball, holes, oil spot, temple mark, temple pierced hole, and cut/torn selvedge. For each fault, it provides the reasons they may occur and recommendations for remedies. It also discusses faults related to yarn production and garment defects.
This document defines fabric defects and lists common defects found in woven and knitted fabrics. It provides examples of 13 common woven fabric defects such as loose warp, double ends, broken warp, and their causes and remedies. For knitted fabrics, it lists 11 defects including needle lines, holes, oil marks, and their typical causes. The conclusion states that fabric defects can result in lower sales prices and value loss, so manufacturers should aim to minimize defects through appropriate remedies.
Seam And its Classification with seam problemSadia Textile
Like Comment And download.
What is Seam?
A seam is a joint of two pieces of fabric in producing a three -dimensional shape of a garment.
Properties of good seam are,
= Smooth fabric joints
= No Missed or Uneven stitches
= No damage to the material being sewn
= Achievement of strength, elasticity, Durability, security and comfort
= Comfortable while garment is in use
SEAMS DESIGNATION
Each stitched seam is designed numerically by five digits:
0.00.00 refers to the CLASS, 1-8;
0.00.00 refers to the material configuration,
01 to 99;
0.00.00 refers to needle penetrations, material configurations, 01-99.
Seam Classification:
According to British Standard 3870: 1991, seam is classified as-
Class 1- superimposed
Class 2- lapped
Class 3- bound
Class 4- flat
Class 5- decorative/channel
Class 6- edge neatening
Class 7- applied
Class 8- others
* Formed by lapping two pieces of component, they are produced with minimum of two pieces of component.
* One component is limited on one end and the other is limited on the other end. The limited edges of these two components are put in opposite directions.
* Used for: main seaming of denim jackets, jeans, and overalls. Fabrics that will not ravel, unlined garments, side seams of shirts, joining lace to another fabric, attaching patch pockets, decorative finish
This document discusses various types of defects that can occur in woven, terry, velvet, and knitted fabrics. It lists specific defect types such as slubs, knots, holes, and broken patterns. For each defect type, it describes the cause of the defect and how it can be mended or avoided in the manufacturing process through careful machine settings and use of quality yarns and materials. Controlling defects is important to maintain high fabric quality and avoid rejected materials.
This document profiles two textile companies - Alim Knitwear Ltd and GMS Composite Knitting Industries Ltd. It then provides details on common faults that occur during various stages of textile production including yarn manufacturing, knitting, dyeing, printing, and garment assembly. For each type of fault, the causes and recommended remedies are outlined. Diagrams display the most common faults and most effective remedies for different stages of production. The document aims to help textile workers address issues that lower production capacity.
This document discusses various types of garment defects. It categorizes defects into three groups: fabric defects caused by issues with the fabric itself, workmanship defects caused during the production process, and trim defects related to accessories. Specific defect types are defined such as seam puckering, dropped stitches, and holes. Potential causes of each defect are provided along with recommended remedies such as properly selecting and tensioning thread, adjusting machine settings, and improving quality inspections. Defects are further classified as critical, major, or minor depending on their severity.
This document discusses different types of garment defects categorized into 3 groups: 1) fabric defects found in the material itself, 2) workmanship and handling defects caused during production, and 3) defects related to trims, accessories, and embellishments. Workmanship defects include seam puckering, shading variations, open or broken seams, broken stitches, dropped stitches, wavy stitching, and loose threads. Defects are further classified as critical, major, or minor depending on their severity. Typical defects from each category are provided as examples.
Fabric defects in woven and knitted fabric - hitesh choudharyHitesh Choudhary
This document provides information about various types of fabric defects, their causes, and methods for inspection and grading. It begins with definitions of a fabric defect and examples of common defects seen in woven, knitted, terry, and velvet fabrics. Specific defects are then described in more detail such as knots, holes, missing threads, oil stains, and more. Grading systems for inspecting and assigning penalty points to defects are also outlined, including the 4-point and 10-point systems. The document aims to help identify, mend, and minimize fabric defects.
The document discusses defects that can occur in knitted fabrics. It begins by defining a fabric defect as an abnormality that spoils the fabric's appearance and affects its performance. There are many types of defects that can be caused by a variety of reasons. Specific defects mentioned include knots, which come from yarn winding and can cause breaks during knitting. Factors that influence the rate of end breaks due to knots are then discussed, such as knitting pattern, yarn type, tension, stitch depth, and machine settings. The document also mentions that computer vision methods like texture recognition can be used to detect common fabric defects like cracks, holes, and stains.
This document is a student project report submitted to Southeast University on December 28, 2013 about fabric and garment faults, their causes, and remedies. It summarizes common knitting, weaving, dyeing, printing and finishing faults along with their potential causes. It also describes fabric inspection methods, quality parameters, and AQL standards. The report is intended to help understand fabric and garment faults that commonly occur in the textile industry and ways to address them.
This document summarizes common faults that can occur during textile manufacturing processes and their potential causes and remedies. It discusses knitting, dyeing, finishing, printing, cutting, sewing, and garment faults. Examples of specific faults mentioned include holes, loops, lycra out, uneven dyeing, crease marks, squeezer marks, unfused edges, miss prints, weak stitches, seam puckering, and stains. Potential causes provided for each fault and recommended remedies such as properly cleaning machines, ensuring even dyeing conditions, using standard procedures, and removing contamination. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of care during processing and prevention to minimize faults.
Resource Availability Prediction in the Grid: Taxonomy and Review of State of...IJEACS
Use of Grid Computing for carrying out cooperative work from distributed resources has been into practice for the past several years. Efficient execution of various tasks on the grid comes with various challenges. One of them is to ensure that a particular resource remains available during the execution of task. The dynamic nature of resources makes it even more challenging to predict resource availability for complete task duration. This paper is an attempt to address this issue by providing a comprehensive review of the existing methods along with a stated taxonomy of the approaches used.
Vignesh M is seeking a position as a design/sales support engineer where he can use his analytical skills and experience. He has over 5 years of experience in lighting design, project management, and sales support for various lighting projects in Dubai. He has a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering and has worked for companies such as Tectronics LLC and Electrical Lighting Company in Dubai. He is proficient in AutoCAD, RevitMEP, and other software.
El documento describe la historia del Internet en México. En 1989, el Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey se conectó a la Universidad de Texas en San Antonio, estableciendo el primer nodo de Internet en México. En 1992 se formó MEXNET para coordinar la conexión de más instituciones académicas a Internet. Para 1994, con la formación de la Red Tecnológica Nacional, el enlace de Internet en México creció a 2Mbps y se hizo disponible comercialmente.
The document compares various attributes of members in a band called Kids United, noting who is younger or older than others, who has better singing voices, looks nicer, is taller or shorter, and which member's song or appearance is considered best in different categories. Gabriel is younger than Esteban but stronger and sings better, while Esteban is thinner and more modern. Erza has the best voice, longest hair and is prettier than Gloria, while Nilusi looks nicer than Carla. Carla is the tallest girl, Nilusi is the oldest, and Gloria is the youngest and shortest.
This document discusses computer hardware and software basics. It describes the main hardware components of a computer including the CPU, memory, input devices, output devices, and storage. Specific hardware such as monitors, printers, and scanners are explained. Computer software is summarized as operating systems, which interface with the user and computer, and application software programs used for tasks like word processing. Examples of application software include Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, and web logging software.
This document discusses quality control in fabric manufacturing. It outlines several factors that affect quality at different stages of production, including winding, warping, sizing, knitting, and weaving. Specifically, it notes that winding tension, knot strength, and machine functioning impact quality. In warping, beam and drum conditions, stop motions, and length measurements are important. For sizing, factors like viscosity, pressure, tension, and speed influence size pickup. Drying is impacted by speed, density, pickup, and temperature. Common fabric defects from knitting and weaving like loops, bars, holes, and stains are also described. Maintaining quality at all stages of production is essential to avoiding defects and customer rejections.
The document discusses different types of knitting faults that occur in knit fabrics, their causes, and potential remedies. It analyzes data from quality inspection sheets of various knit fabric samples and examines how changing stitch length affects common faults. The types of faults studied include holes/cracks, loops/dropped stitches, Lycra out, knots, and others. Data is presented on the percentage of different faults found in single jersey fabric samples before and after implementing remedies to reduce faults. Implementing remedies such as ensuring uniform yarn tension, regulating yarn feed rate, and adjusting machine settings helped minimize common faults like holes, barre, streaks, and others.
1. The document discusses different types of sewing machines and their uses, including manually operated machines for domestic use and electrically operated industrial machines for garment production.
2. It describes various sewing stitches like lockstitch, chainstitch, zigzag stitch and their classifications. Physical properties of ideal seams like strength, durability and appearance are outlined.
3. Common sewing problems are explained, such as slipped stitches, staggered stitches and seam pucker formation. Causes and remedies for these problems are provided.
This document discusses various work aids used in sewing machines to improve production and quality. It describes guides, compensating feet, specialized feet, stitching jigs, rack guides, lights, folders, slack feeders, elastification, thread cutters, and stackers. It also discusses sewing thread requirements including tensile strength, elongation, shrinkage, abrasion resistance, and fiber types. Finally, it covers thread numbering systems like ticket and tex numbering and factors that influence sewability.
This document discusses various faults that can occur in knitted fabrics during manufacturing and processing. It identifies common defects such as drop stitches, yarn breaks, thick and thin areas, color shading, holes, and barriness. The causes of each defect are explained, such as issues with the yarn quality, machine settings, tension, or needles. Remedies are provided to address defects by ensuring uniform yarn tension, count variation, hardness, and drive systems. Timely detection of faults is important to improve quality and productivity in knitted fabric production.
Fabrics and sewing defects of woven apparel By Engr. Aqs Zilanisaranzilani
In the textile industry, woven fabric is produced by interlacing warp and weft yarn. Faulty woven fabrics hamper the total quality of woven garments such as shirts, pants, trousers, jackets etc.
In order to get the correct appearance and good performance of seams, various considering factors, such as, stitch, seam, feed system, needle, thread, etc. Have to be correctly selected and adjusted. The sewing defects or problems that may arise during sewing, sewing defects such as Problems of stitch formation, Puckering problems, and Fabric defects along the sewing line etc.
It’s My think As a textile engineer-
We should know about the Fabrics and sewing defects of woven apparel produced during woven apparel fabric manufacturing. As its importance, this presentation has shown those Fabrics and sewing defects of woven apparel with their images, Causes and Remedies.
This document discusses various topics related to seam engineering, including types of seams, thread sizes, quality defects, and solutions. It describes lockstitch and chainstitch seams, and explains that lockstitch is stronger as the thread is locked on both sides of the fabric. Common seam quality defects like improper stitch balance and needle cutting are defined and solutions provided. Recommendations are given for thread and needle sizes for different fabric weights. Defects like seam slippage and methods to minimize them are also covered.
This document discusses various topics related to seam engineering and quality. It defines key terms like seam construction and strength. It explains different types of stitches like lockstitch and chainstitch. It also describes common seam defects such as improper stitch balance and needle cutting. Solutions for minimizing defects are provided. Thread and needle sizes for different fabric weights are listed. Overall, the document provides an overview of seam types and quality factors for the textile industry.
Knitting and knit wear design-fabric defctspriyangaraja1
This document discusses various defects that can occur in knitted fabrics during the manufacturing process. It identifies defects caused by issues with the yarn manufacturing or knitting process such as broken ends, holes, dropped stitches, and vertical or horizontal stripes. For each defect, it explains possible causes such as improper yarn tension, slubs in the yarn, or damaged knitting machine components. It also provides remedies to address the root causes and prevent the defects from reoccurring. In total, it examines over 15 different types of defects that can happen in knitted fabrics and aims to help manufacturers identify and troubleshoot the causes of quality issues.
Sewing thread is a flexible yarn intended for stitching materials, defined by its ability to pass through a needle eye. It is made from natural or synthetic fibers in staple or filament form [1]. Sewing threads are classified based on fiber type, yarn construction, and finishing process. They are packaged on spools, cops, cones, V-cones, or cocoons depending on the intended end use like upholstery or garment manufacturing. Essential properties of sewing thread include strength, abrasion and heat resistance, uniformity, and color fastness to perform well during sewing. Manufacturing involves sorting fibers, winding onto packages, dyeing if needed, drying, final winding,
This slide about sewing problem. Generally a lot of way sewing problem occurred. From this slide you guys can learn about some sewing problem & how it's occurred .
IRJET- Study of Reed on High Speed Weaving MachinesIRJET Journal
This document discusses reeds used in high-speed weaving machines and how to increase the life of reeds. It begins by explaining what a reed is and how it is constructed. It then discusses the problem of groove formation in reeds, where the dent wires are cut, which decreases reed life. Groove formation commonly occurs within 500 hours and is caused by high tension and abrasion on selvedge ends from the contraction between the reed and woven cloth. Several factors can influence groove formation, including fabric construction, yarn type, loom settings, sizing recipe, and reed construction. The document provides solutions to prevent groove formation, such as selecting the proper reed specifications, temple,
This document provides information about knitting and common knitting defects. It begins by defining knitting as a technique that uses intermeshed loops of yarn to form fabric. It then compares characteristics of woven and knitted fabrics. The document classifies types of knitted fabrics and defines important knitting terms. Finally, it describes and provides causes and remedies for several common knitting defects such as drop stitches, barriness, imperfections, and contamination.
This document discusses different types of stitches and seams. It begins by defining what a stitch is according to British standards. It then describes various stitch properties like length, width, depth, tension and consistency. It classifies stitches into 6 main classes based on their structure and method of interlacing. These include single thread chain stitch, hand stitch, lock stitch, multi thread chain stitch, overlock stitch and covering chain stitch. Each class has various sub-classes that are used for specific purposes. The document also defines seams and classifies them into 4 main types - plain seam, lapped seam, bound seam and flat seam based on their structure and use.
This document discusses different types of stitches and seams. It begins by defining what a stitch is according to British standards. It then describes various stitch properties like length, width, depth, tension and consistency. It classifies stitches into 6 main classes based on their structure and method of interlacing. These include single thread chain stitch, hand stitch, lock stitch, multi thread chain stitch, overlock stitch and covering chain stitch. Each class has various sub-classes that are used for specific purposes. The document also defines seams and classifies them into 4 main types - plain seam, lapped seam, bound seam and flat seam based on their structure and use.
This document discusses denim fabric and faults in rope dyeing. It begins with an introduction to denim, its properties and classifications. It then describes the rope dyeing process and compares it to slasher dyeing. The document identifies common faults in various textile processes like warping, dyeing, sizing, and weaving. For each fault, it provides the potential causes and recommended remedies. Diagrams are included to illustrate some example faults like bent picks or tight ends. In conclusion, the document expresses gratitude for learning about denim dyeing processes.
This document provides information about Interstoff Apparels Ltd., a garment manufacturing company in Bangladesh. It discusses the company profile, including its name, business type, employees, and address. It also describes the knitting, quality control, dyeing, and project work sections of the company. The knitting section details the types of yarns, knitting machines, production calculations, and common knitting faults. The quality control section lists inspection equipment. The dyeing section outlines the dyeing process and possible faults. The project work section explains common knitting defects and their causes and remedies.
There are eight main types of seams used in garment construction. The document describes each type in detail, including Class 1 superimposed seams which are most common, Class 2 lapped seams which involve overlapping fabric edges, and Class 3 bound seams where one edge is wrapped by another fabric. It also outlines six classes of stitches including lock stitches, chain stitches, and overlock stitches. Common sewing problems are discussed such as skipped stitches, fabric puckering, and physical damage to fabrics during the sewing process.
The document discusses different types of warping processes and machines. It describes beam warping, sectional or patterned warping, and ball warping. Beam warping is direct warping that produces beams with up to 1000 ends, while sectional warping is indirect and produces narrow tapes that are later rewound onto a beam, allowing for complex patterns. High-speed warping machines directly wind ends onto a beam from many packages at once. Sectional warping machines first wind yarns onto a drum before rewinding them onto a beam, enabling fancy multi-colored fabrics. Both processes aim to produce a warp beam with uniformly spaced, tensioned ends of a predetermined length.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
1. 1
Page | 1
Course Titel
BGMEA UNIVERSITY OF FASHION & TECHNOLOGY
Assignment On:
Comprehensive Study on different types of knit fabric
faults, causes and remedies.
Department: Textile Engineering
Course name: Fabric Manufacturing Engineering –III
Course code: TEX4105
Submitted By:
1. Sajib Chandra Das- 132-006-0-155
2. Rimon Chowdhury- 132-012-0-155
3. Md. Rahmat Ullah -132-036-0-155
4 .Subrata sen- 132 -039-0-155
Submitted To:
Md. Abdur Rouf
SeniorLecturer
Department of Textile Engineering
BUFT
2017
BGMEA UniversityOf Fashion&Technology(BUFT)
FabricManufacturingEngineering-III(Assignment
Source:Google,Tex.Blog,Tex.learner)
1/14/2017
2. [2]
Comprehensive Study on different types of
knit fabric faults,causesand remedies:
Faults in the Knitted Fabrics:
A defect of the knitted fabric is an abnormality which spoils the
aesthetics i.e. the clean & uniform appearance of the fabric & effects
the performance parameters, like; dimensional stability etc.
There are various types of defects which occur in the Knitted fabrics of
all types caused by a variety of reasons. The same type of defects may
occur in the fabric due to a variety of different causes e.g. Drop
Stitches, Spirality etc.
Category of Defects:
# Yarn Related Defects:
Almost all the defects appearing in the horizontal direction in the
knitted fabric are yarn related. These defects are mainly;
1. Barriness
2. Thick & Thin lines
3. Dark or Light horizontal lines (due to the difference in dye pick up)
4. Imperfections
5. Contaminations
6. Snarling
7. Spirality
3. [3]
# Machine Settings Related Defects:
These defects appear randomly in the knitted fabrics due to the wrong
knitting machine settings &that of the machine parts. The defects are
mainly;
1. Drop Stitches
2. Yarn Streaks
3. Barriness
4. Fabric press off
5. Broken Ends
6. Spirality
# Knitting Elements Related Defects:
Almost all the defects appearing in the vertical direction in the knitted
fabrics are as a cause of bad Knitting Elements. These defects are
mainly;
1. Needle & Sinker Lines
2. Drop Stitches etc.
# Dyeing Related Defects:
The Dyeing related defects are as follows;
1. Dyeing patches
2. Softener Marks
3. Shade variation
4. [4]
4. Tonal variation
5. Color fading (Poor Color Fastness)
6. Dull shade
7. Crease or rope Marks
# Finishing Related Defects:
Defects caused mainly due to the wrong process parameters are;
1. High Shrinkage
2. Skewing
3. Spirality
4. Surface Hairiness & Pilling
5. Tonal variation
6. Snagging (Sharp points in the dyeing machine or trolley etc)
7. Fold Marks
8. Wet Squeezer Marks
9. GSM variation
10. Fabric Width variation
11. Curling of S.J. Fabrics
# causes and remedies:
Drop Stitches (Holes)
5. [5]
Definition:
Drop Stitches are randomly appearing small or big holes of the same or
different size which appear as defects in the Knitted fabrics.
Hole inFabric
Major Causes:
1. High Yarn Tension
2. Yarn Overfeed or Underfeed
3. High Fabric Take Down Tension
4. Defects like Slubs, Neps, Knots etc.
5. Incorrect gap between the Dial & Cylinder rings.
Remedies:
1. Ensure uniform yarn tension on all the feeders with a Tension Meter.
2. Rate of yarn feed should be strictly regulated as per the required
Stitch Length.
6. [6]
3. The fabric tube should be just like a fully inflated balloon, not too
tight or too slack.
4. The yarn being used should have no imperfections like; Slubs, Neps &
big knots etc
5. The gap between the Cylinder & the Dial should be correctly adjusted
as per the knitted loop size.
Streakiness
Definition:
Streaks in the Knitted fabrics appear as; irregularly spaced & sized, thin
horizontal lines.
Causes:
1. Faulty winding of the yarn packages.
2. Yarn running out of the belt on the Pulley
Remedies:
1. Winding of the yarn package should be proper.
2. The yarn should be running between the belt and around the pulley.
Barriness
Definition:
7. [7]
Barriness defect appears in the Knitted fabric in the form of horizontal
stripes of uniform or variable width.
Causes:
1. High Yarn Tension
2. Count Variation
3. Mixing of the yarn lots
4. Package hardness variation
Remedies:
1. Ensure uniform Yarn Tension on all the feeders.
2. The average Count variation in the lot should not be more than + 0.3
3. Ensure that the yarn being used for Knitting is of the same Lot .
4. Ensure that the hardness of all the yarn packages is uniform using a
hardness tester.
Imperfections
Definition:
Imperfections appear on the fabric surface in the form of unevenly
placed or randomly appearing Knots, Slubs & Neps, Thick & Thin places
in the yarn.
8. [8]
Causes:
1. Big Knots, Slubs & Neps in the yarn, Thick & Thin yarn.
Remedies:
1.Specify the quality parameters of the yarns to be used for production
to the yarn supplier.
Snarls
Definition:
Snarls appear on the fabric surface in the form of big loops of yarn
getting twisted due to the high twist in the yarn.
Causes:
1. High twist in the yarn.
Remedies:
2. Twist in the yarn should be in required TPM.
Spirality
Definition:
Spirality appears in the form of a twisted garment after washing.The
seams on both the sides of the garment displace from their position &
appear on the front & back of the garment.
9. [9]
Causes:
1. High T.P.I. of the Hosiery Yarn
2. Uneven Fabric tension on the Knitting machine.
3. Unequal rate of Fabric feed on the Stenter, Calender & Compactor
machines.
Remedies:
1. Use the Hosiery yarns of the recommended TPM level for Knitting.
2. Ensure uniform rate of feed of the dyed fabric on both the edges
while feeding the fabric to the Calender, Compactor or Stenter
machines.
Contaminations
Definition:
Contaminations appear in the form of foreign matter such as; dyed
fibers, husk, dead fibers etc. in the staple spun yarn or embedded in the
knitted fabric structure.
Causes:
1. Presence of dead fibers & other foreign materials, such as; dyed
fibers, husk & synthetic fibers etc.
10. [10]
2. Dyed & other types of fibers flying from the adjacent Knitting
machines cling to the yarn being used for knitting & get embedded in
the Grey Fabric.
Remedies:
1. Use rich fiber mixing for the yarns to be used for Knitting in order to
have less dead fibers appearing in the fabric.
2. Rigid control measures in the Blow Room to prevent the mixing of
foreign matters in the Cotton mixing.
3. Segregate the Spinning & Knitting Machines, with Plastic Curtains or
Mosquito Nets, to prevent the fibers flying from the neighboring
machines, from getting embedded in the yarn / fabric.
Needle Lines
Definition:
Needle lines are prominent vertical lines along the length of the fabric
which are easily visible in the grey as well as finished fabric.
Causes:
1. Bent Latches, Needle Hooks & Needle stems
2. Wrong Needle selection (Wrong sequence of needles, put in the
Cylinder or Dial)
Remedies:
11. [11]
1. Inspect the grey fabric on the knitting machine for any Needle lines.
2. Check the Needle filling sequence in the Cylinder / Dial grooves
(tricks).
Horizontal lines
Horizontal line infabric
Causes:
1. Fault in bobbin
2. Irregular tension on cams.
Remedies:
1. Replace that bobbin.
2. Check cams positioning.
Broken Needles/ Laddering
12. [12]
Definition:
Defects caused by the broken needles show prominently as vertical
lines parallel to the Wales. There are no loops formed in the Wale
which has a broken needle.
LadderingEffect
Causes:
1. High Yarn Tension
2. Bad Setting of the Yarn Feeders
3. Old & Worn out Needle set
4. Cylinder Grooves are too tight restricting needle movement
5. Breakage of hook or butt in needle.
Remedies:
1. Ensure uniform & the right Yarn tension on all the feeders.
2. Keep the recommended gap between the Yarn Feeders & the
Needles.
13. [13]
3. Periodically change the complete set of needles.
4. Remove fly or blockage from groove.
5. Replace defective needle.
Sinker Lines
Definitions:
Sinker lines are prominent or feeble vertical lines appearing parallel to
the Wales along the length of the knitted fabric tube.
Causes:
1. Bent or Worn out Sinkers
2. Sinkers being tight in the Sinker Ring grooves
Remedies:
1. Replace all the worn out or bent sinkers causing Sinker lines in the
fabric.
2. Sinker lines are very fine & feeble vertical lines appearing in the
fabric.
3. Remove the fibers clogging the Sinker tricks (Groove
Oil Lines
Definitions:
14. [14]
Oil lines are prominent vertical lines which appear along the length of
the knitted fabric tube. The lines become permanent if the needle oil
used is not washable & gets baked due to the heat during the finishing
of the fabric.
Causes:
1.Fibers & fluff accumulated in the needle tricks which remain soaked
with oil.
2.Excessive oiling of the needle beds.
Remedies:
1. Fibers accumulated in the needle tricks cause the oil to seep into the
Fabric.
2. Some lubricating oils are not washable & can not be removed during
Scouring.
3. Remove all the Needles & the Sinkers of the machine periodically.
4. Clean the grooves of the Cylinder & Dial of the machine thoroughly
with petrol.
5. Blow the grooves of the Cylinder Dial & Sinker ring with dry air after
cleaning.
Fabric Press Off
Definition:
15. [15]
Fabric press off appears as a big or small hole in the fabric caused due
to the interruption of the loop forming process as a result of the yarn
breakage or closed needle hooks.
Causes:
1. End breakage on feeders with all needles knitting.
2. Yarn feeder remaining in lifted up position due to which the yarn
doesn’t get fed in the hooks of the needles.
Remedies:
1. Needle detectors, should be set precisely to detect the closed
needles & prevent the fabric tube from completely pressing off.
2. Proper yarn tension should be maintained on all the feeders.
Broken Ends
Definition:
Broken ends appear as equidistant prominent horizontal lines along the
width of the fabric tube when a yarn breaks or is exhausted.
Causes:
1. High Yarn Tension
2. Yarn exhausted on the Cones.
Remedies:
16. [16]
1. Ensure correct yarn tension on all the feeders.
2. Ensure that the Yarn detectors on all the feeders are working
properly.
3. Depute a skilled & alert machine operator on the knitting machine.
Snagging
Definition:
Snagging appears on the knitted fabric surface as a pulled up yarn float
showing up in the form of a large loop.
Causes:
1. Caused by the pulling or the plucking of yarn from the, fabric surface,
by sharp objects.
Remedies:
1. Inspect & rectify the fabric contact points on all the machines (Soft
Flow Dyeing, Tumble Dryer & Centrifuge etc), on which snagging is
taking place.
Bowing
Definition:
Bowing appears as rows of courses or yarn dyed stripes forming a bow
shape along the fabric width.
17. [17]
Causes:
1. Uneven distribution of tensions across the fabric width while dyeing
or finishing the fabric.
Remedies:
1. Bowing can be corrected by reprocessing the fabric by feeding it
from the opposite end.
2. A special machine (MAHLO) is also available for correcting the
bowing in the knitted fabrics.
Dyeing Patches
Definition:
Dyeing patches appear, as random irregular patches on the surface of
dyed fabrics.
Causes:
1. Inadequate Scouring of the grey fabric is one of the primary causes of
the dyeing patches.
2. Improper leveling agent is also one of the causes of dyeing patches.
3. Correct pH value not maintained.
18. [18]
4. Dyeing machine stoppage due to power failure or the fabric
entanglement in the dyeing machine are a major cause of the dyeing
patches.
Remedies:
1. Scour the grey fabric thoroughly to remove all the impurities from
the fabric before dyeing.
2. Use appropriate leveling agents to prevent patchy dyeing.
3. Maintain the correct pH value during the course of dyeing.
4. Use a power back up (Inverter) for the dyeing operation to be
completed uninterrupted.
Softener Marks
Definition:
1. Softener marks appear as distinct irregular patches in the dried fabric
after the application of softener.
Causes:
1. Softener not being uniformly dissolved in water
Remedies:
2. Scour the grey fabric thoroughly to remove all the impurities from
the fabric before dyeing.
19. [19]
3. Ensure that the softener is uniformly dissolved in the water &
doesn’t remain un-dissolved as lumps or suspension.
4. Use the right softener & the correct procedure for the application.
5. Maintain the correct pH value of the softener before application.
Stains
Definition:
Stains appear as spots or patches of grease oil or dyes of different
color, in a neat & clean finished fabric surface.
Causes:
1. Dyeing Machine not cleaned thoroughly after dyeing a lot.
2. Grease & Oil stains from the unguarded moving machine parts like;
Gears Shafts Driving Pulleys & Trolley wheels etc.
3. Fabric touching the floors & other soiled places during
transportation, in the trolleys.
4. Handling of the fabric with soiled hands & stepping onto the stored
fabric with dirty feet or shoes on.
Remedies:
1. Wash & clean the dyeing machine thoroughly after dyeing every dye
lot.
20. [20]
2. Follow the dyeing cycle of Light- Medium- Dark shades & then the
reverse the cycle while dyeing the fabric.
3. All the lubricated moving machine parts should be protected with
safety guards.
5. Handle the fabric carefully with clean hands & do not let anyone step
onto the stored fabric.
Color Fading (Poor Color Fastness)
Definition:
The color of the garment or the fabric appears lighter & pale in
comparison to the original color of the product after a few uses.
Causes:
1. Dyeing recipe i.e. the poor fixing of the dyes is a major cause of color
fading.
2. Using the wrong combination of colors in a secondary or tertiary
shade.
4. Prolonged exposure to strong light will also cause the colors to fade.
5. High level of acidity or alkalinity in the perspiration of individuals also
causes color fading.
Remedies:
1. Use the correct dyeing recipe i.e. the appropriate leveling, fixing
agents & the correct combination of dyes.
21. [21]
2. Follow the wash care instructions rigidly.
3. Use mild detergents & soft water for washing the garments.
5. Turn the wet garments inside out while drying.
6. Dry in shade & not in direct sunlight.
7. Protect the garments again.
Shade Variation
(Roll to roll & within the same roll)
Definition:
Sometimes there appears to be a difference in the depth of shade
between the roll to roll & from place to place in the same roll. The
defect will show up clearly in the garments manufactured from such
fabric.
Causes:
1. Shade variation can be as a result of mixing of the, fabrics of two
different lots.
2. Shade variation is also caused, by the variation in the process
parameters i.e. Time, Temperature & Speed etc. from one fabric roll, to
the other.
3. Shade variation can appear to be, in fabrics with GSM variation,
caused due to the uneven stretching, unequal fabric overfeed % etc.
Remedies:
22. [22]
1. Ensure that the grey fabric used for one shade is knitted from the
same lot of the yarn.
2. Ensure that the same process parameters (Width, Overfeed,
Temperature & Machine Speed etc.) are used for each roll of a dye lot.
Tonal Variation
Definition:
Roll to roll or within the same roll difference in the color perception i.e.
Greenish, Bluish, Reddish or Yellowish etc. is attributed as tonal
variation in the shade.
Causes:
1. Wrong Dyeing recipe
2. Wrong leveling agent selection or wrong dyes combinations.
3. Improper fabric Scouring.
4. Impurities like Oil & Wax etc. not being completely removed in
Scouring
5. Level dyeing not being done due to the inappropriate leveling agents.
Remedies:
1. Use appropriate leveling agents to ensure uniform & level dyeing.
2. Scour the grey fabric thoroughly to ensure the removal of all the
impurities.
23. [23]
3. Ensure that the whole lot of the dyed fabric is processed under
uniform process parameters.
Crease Marks
Definition:
Crease marks appear in the knitted fabric, as dark haphazard broken or
continuous lines.
Causes:
1. Damp fabric moving at high speed in twisted form, in the Hydro
extractor (Centrifuge)
Remedies:
1. Use anti Crease, during the Scouring & the Dyeing process .
2. The use of anti Crease, swells the Cellulose & prevents the formation
of Crease mark.
3. Spread the fabric in loose & open form & not in the rope form, in the
Hydro Extractor.
High Shrinkage
Definition:
The original intended measurements of the Garment go, haywire,
during storage or after the very first wash.
24. [24]
Causes:
1. High Stresses & strains exerted on the fabric, during Knitting, Dyeing
& Processing & the fabric not being allowed to relax properly,
thereafter.
2. High shrinkage is primarily due to the fabric being subject to high
tension, during the Knitting, Dyeing & the Finishing processes
Remedies:
1. Keep the Grey Fabric in loose plated form, immediately after the roll
is cut.
2. Store the finished fabric also in the plated form & not in the roll
form.
3. Allow the fabric to relax properly, before it is cut.
GSM Variation
Definition:
The fabric will appear to have a visible variation in the density, from roll
to roll or within the same roll of, the same dye lot.
Causes:
25. [25]
Roll to roll variation in the, process parameters, of the fabric, like;
Overfeed & Width wise stretching of the dyed fabric, on the Stenter,
Calender & Compactor machines.
Roll to roll variation in the fabric stitch length.
Remedies:
Make sure that all the fabric rolls in a lot, are processed under the same
process parameters.
The Knitting Machine settings, like; the Quality Pulley diameter etc.
should never be disturbed.
Fabric Width Variation
Definition:
Different rolls of the same fabric lot, having difference in the finished
width of the fabric.
Causes:
1. Grey fabric of the same lot, knitted on different makes of Knitting
Machines, having varying number of Needles in the Cylinder.
2. Roll to roll difference, in the Dyed Fabric stretched width, while
feeding the fabric on the Stenter, Calander & Compactor.
Remedies:
26. [26]
1. The whole lot of the grey fabric should be knitted on the same make
of knitting machines.
2. This difference, in the number of needles, causes a difference of upto
2”-3” in the finished width of the fabric
3. The stretched width of the grey fabric should remain constant,
during finishing on the stenter.
Measurement Problems
Definition:
The measurements of the garments totally change after, a few hours of
relaxation & after the first wash. The arm lengths or the front & back
lengths of the garments may vary, due to the mix up of the parts.
Causes:
1. Shrinkage caused due to the inadequate relaxation of the knitted
fabrics, before cutting.
2. Mixing of the garment parts cut from, different layers or different
rolls of the knitted fabric.
Remedies:
1. Use a trolley, for laying the fabric on the table, to facilitate a tension
free, laying.
2. Let the fabric relax for a few hours, before cutting, especially the
Lycra fabrics.
27. [27]
3. Ensure the numbering of the different layers of the fabric, to prevent
the mix up of the components.
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