This document discusses various types of defects that can occur in woven, terry, velvet, and knitted fabrics. It lists specific defect types such as slubs, knots, holes, and broken patterns. For each defect type, it describes the cause of the defect and how it can be mended or avoided in the manufacturing process through careful machine settings and use of quality yarns and materials. Controlling defects is important to maintain high fabric quality and avoid rejected materials.

1. REVIEW -II
FABRIC DEFECTS
KNITTING AND KNIT WEAR DESIGN

2. Importance of fabric defect :
 Due to the increasing demand for quality
fabrics, high quality requirements are today
greater since customer has become more
aware of poor quality problems
 To avoid Rejection of fabric, It is necessary to
avoid defects.
 Price of fabric is reduced by 45%-65% due to
the presence of defects
Company image will go down.

3. List of fabric defects in woven
Fabrics :
 Coloured flecks
 Knots
 Slub
 Broken ends woven in a bunch
Broken pattern
 Double end
 Float
 Gout

4.  Missing ends
 Missing Pick
 Oil and other stain
 Oily ends
 Oily picks
 Reed mark
 Slough off
 Shuttle smash
 Snarls
 Stitches
 Untrimmed loose threads

5. Coloured Flecks
COLOURED FLECKS Presence of coloured foreign
matter in the yarn.
CAUSES Cotton fibres getting contaminated during
the ginning stage with leaves, immature fibre, yellow
fibre, etc.
MENDING Coloured portion is removed from the
yarn with a plucker . The resultant bare patch can be
corrected by combing with metallic comb.

6. KNOTS
Knots Knot is a fastening made by tying
together the ends of yarn
CAUSES Thread breaks during process
of winding, warping, sizing or weaving
MENDING Non Mendable.

7. SLUB
Slub Slub is a bunch of yarn having less twist or no twist
and has a wider diameter compared to normal spun yarn
CAUSES
Improper carding/combing.
Broken tooth in the chain of gear system
MENDING The slub should be cut with the clipper from
both the ends. The resultant bare patch can be corrected by
combing with a metallic comb or by insertion of a separate
thread with the help of fine needle.

8. Broken pattern
Broken pattern A broken pattern is the non
continuity of
a weave/ design/ pattern
CAUSES
 Wrong drawing in of threads.
Incorrect shedding
MENDING Non Mendable.

9. Hole, Cut, Tear
Hole, Cut or Tear This is self explanatory
CAUSES
 Sharp edges on cloth roll.
 Hard substance between layers of fabric in cloth
roll
 Course temples used for fine fabric
 During removal of hard particles like, Iron
particles
woven in the cloth
MENDING Non mendable

10. List of fabric defects in terry and
velvet fabrics :
 Broken pattern
 Pile less spot
 Uneven or loose piles

11. BROKEN PATTERN DUE TO
DEFECTIVE PILES :
Broken pattern due to defective piles A broken
pattern is the
result of non-continuity of the design/pattern in
the pile
fabric.
CAUSES
 Improper working of terry motion on loom.
 Improper functioning of jacquard.
 Missing pick.
MENDING Non mendable.

12. PILE LESS SPOT
Pile less spot It is a spot without the pile
CAUSES
Improper working of terry motion on loom.
Improper functioning of jacquard.
MENDING Non mendableZ

13. UNEVEN OR LOOSE PILES
Uneven or loose piles In this type of defect there is
variation
in the pile height over the surface of the fabric
CAUSES
 Improper working of terry motion on loom.
 Improper functioning of jacquard.
 Missing pick.
MENDING Non Mendable

14. List of fabric defects in Knitted
Fabrics:
 Bariness
 Bunching up
 Drop stitch
 Holes or Crack
 Crack fall out
 Horizontal srtipes
 Verticle stripes

15. Bunching up
Bunching up : This is largely influnced by
take-up
mechanism and whether it functions properly
or not.
CAUSES:
Fabric take-up too weak.
Thick place in yarn.
MENDING : Non Mendable.

16. Drop stitch
Drop stitch: Local column of dropped stitches.
CAUSES :
Yarn guide not set poroperly (i.e yarn is not fed properly during loop
formation).
 Defective latch needle.
 yarn tension is not sufficient.
 Take-down is too high.
 Wrong yarn threading.
MENDING : This fault can be corrected by stitches reforming using a
simple needle.
CAN BE AVOIDED BY
 Precise yarn-guide setting.
 Needle change.
 Dial position readjustment.
 Use of fabric fault detector.

17. Holes or crack
Holes or crack : Local holes obtained when yarn breaks
during loop formation.
CAUSES
 Relation between cylinder and dial loop not correct.
 Weak places in yarn, Which breaks during loop formation
Knots.
 Yarn running tension is too high.
CAN BE AVOIDED BY
 Use of flat knots.
 Accurate yarn guide setting.
 Use of fabric fault detector.
 Use of yarn having lower hariness.

18. Verticle stripes
Verticle stripes : They can be observed as
longitudnal gaps
in the fabric. The space between adjacent wales is
irregular.
CAUSES
Bent needles.
 Heavily running needles.
 Damaged latch needle.
 Damaged needle hook.
 Damaged dial or cylinder.
CAN BE AVOIDED BY :
 Needles and sinkers change after long time use.
 Use of fabric fault detector.

19. Horizontal stripes
Horizontal stripes : Are caused by uneveness
in the courses. They traverse horizontally and
repeat themselves regularly or irregularly.
CAUSES
 Yarn feeder set badly.
 Differences in the yarn running-in tension.
 Jerky impulse from fabric take up .
Mending : Non mendable.

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