This document discusses floods and flood management. It was created by civil engineering students at LAXMI Institute of Technology for their 5th semester disaster management course. The document defines floods, describes different types of floods in India, and lists the primary causes of flooding. It then discusses the ill effects of floods, types of flood damage, and approaches to flood alleviation/mitigation including both structural measures like reservoirs and levees, and non-structural measures like floodplain zoning and warning systems. Finally, it provides recommendations for preparing for floods, basic safety precautions during floods, and dos and don'ts.

1. LAXMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
B.E. CIVIL ENGINEERING
5th semester
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
FLOODS

2.  GROUP MEMBER:
• SHAIK MOHD.AMIR N. (150860106062)
• PRAJAPATI RIYA P. (150860106054)
• RATHOD NEHA M. (150860106055)
• BHANDARI NEENAD H. (150860106006)

3. FLOODS
 A flood is a relatively high stage of the river that overtops the natural or artificial
banks in any reach of a stream. The flood is the result of runoff from rainfall and/or
melting snow in quantities to great to be confined in the low water channels or
streams.

4. TYPES OF FLOODS
 Areal (rainfall-related) flood
 Riverine flood
 Estuarine and coastal flood
 Urban flooding

5. INDIAN RIVERS AND FLOODS
 The indian rivers can be classified into four major groups:
1. Himalayan rivers
2. Rivers on the central high lands
3. Rivers on the peninsula
4. Rivers on the coasts

6. CAUSES OF FLOOD
 Primary all floods are due to the surface runoff. Actually the floods are the results of a
favourable combination of precipitation and the characteristics of the water shed.
 The causes of flooding in all the major river systems are:
1. Intense rainfall
2. Topography of the catchment
3. Sedimentation of rivers and reservoirs
4. Obstruction In the river flow
5. Failure of dam
6. Failure of river embankment
7. Inadequate cross drainage works
8. Contraction of waterway

7. ILL-EFFECTS OF FLOODS
 The ill-effects of floods can be classified into the following three groups:
1. Inundation of low lying areas
2. Erosion of river banks
3. Change of river course
 FLOOD DAMAGE:
1. Direct damage
2. Indirect damage

8. FLOOD ALLEVIATION OR FLOOD
MITIGATION OR FLOOD CONTROL
 A flood is relatively high stage of river which is usually accompanied by
overtopping of the natural banks of the river in a particular reach. The flood occurs
because of heavy rains, or melting of snow when the discharge in the river is so
high that its natural cross-section is unable to contain it. Flood control is required to
reduce the flood damage. Flood control is also known as flood management.
 In india about 40Mha of land is flood prone, which is about 12% of the total
geographical area of 328 Mha.
 There are two types of measures to mitigate the flood disaster:
1. Structural mitigation measures
2. Non-structural mitigation measure

9.  STRUCTURAL MITIGATION MEASURES:
The structural mitigation measures are:
1. Storage reservoirs
2. Levees
3. Flood walls
4. Channel improvement works
5. Diversion of flood water to flood ways
6. Construction of high earth platforms
7. sluices

10.  NON-STRUCTURAL MITIGATION MEASURES:
The non-structural flood mitigation measures are:
1. Flood plain zoning
2. Flood forecasting and warning
3. Emergency evacuation of area
4. Management of flood plain
5. Flood proofing
6. Mathematical modeling

11. FLOOD-DO’S AND DON’T
 WHAT TO DO BEFORE A FLOOD:
To prepare for a flood, you should:
1. Avoid building in flood prone areas unless you elevate and reinforce your home.
2. Elevate the furnace, water heater, and electric panel if susceptible to flooding.
3. Install “check valves” in sewer traps to prevent floodwater from backing up into the
drains of your home.
4. Seal the walls in your basement with waterproofing compounds to avoid seepage.

12.  BASIC SAFETY PRECAUTION TO BE TAKEN:
1. Listen to radio/TV for latest weather bulletins and flood warnings. Pass on the
information to the others.
2. Make a family emergency kit which should include; a portable radio/transistor, torch,
spare batteries, a first aid box along with essential medicines, ORS, dry food items,
drinking water, matchboxes, candles and other essential items.
3. Keep hurricane lamp, ropes, rubber tubes, umbrella and bamboo stick in your house,
these could be useful.
4. Keep your cash, jewellary, valuables, important documents etc. in a safe place.
5. If there is a flood, move along with family members and cattle to safe areas like relief
camps, evacuation centres, elevated grounds where you can take shelter.
6. Turn off power and gas connections before leaving your house.

13.  DURING FLOODS:
1. Don’t enter into flood water; it could be dangerous.
2. Don’t allow children to play in or near flood waters.
3. Stay away from sewerage line, gutters, drains, culverts etc.
4. Be careful of snakes; snakebites are common during floods.
5. Stay away from electric poles and fallen power-lines to avoid electrocution.
6. Don’t use wet electrical appliances- get them checked before use.
7. Eat freshly cooked and dry food. Always keep your food covered.
8. Use boiled and filtered drinking water.
9. Keep all drains, gutters near your house clean.
10.Stagnation of water can breed vector/water-borne diseases. In case of sickness seek
medical assistance.
11.Use bleaching powder and lime to disinfect the surroundings.

14. THANKYOU…