150860106006 54 55_62_aggregrates
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This document provides a presentation on aggregates given by four students at LAXMI Institute of Technology, Sarigam and guided by Nikita Chouhan. It defines aggregates as granular materials that make up 70-80% of concrete's volume. Aggregates are classified based on size, source, unit weight, shape, surface texture, and other properties. Key tests conducted on aggregates include sieve analysis, specific gravity, crushing value, impact value, and abrasion value. The ideal properties of aggregates for concrete are also discussed.
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Aggregates are inert materials mixed with cement or lime to make mortar or concrete. They are classified based on size as fine aggregates, which pass through a 4.75mm sieve, or coarse aggregates, which are larger. Common aggregates include sand, gravel, crushed stone, and manufactured lightweight or heavyweight materials. Aggregates are selected based on properties like strength, hardness, durability, and freedom from impurities. Their size, shape, grading, moisture content and other physical properties influence the properties of the concrete.
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Aggregates make up 70-80% of concrete by volume and can be classified by source, size, shape, and other properties. Their properties affect the workability, strength, and economics of concrete. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are common sources. Aggregate size, shape, texture, strength, and durability all impact the performance of concrete. Tests are used to evaluate aggregate crushing strength, impact resistance, and abrasion characteristics important for different concreting applications. Proper aggregate selection and testing are essential for producing high quality concrete.
Classification, properties and extraction of Aggregates
Aggregate:
Aggregates are defined as inert, granular, and inorganic material that normally consist of stone or stone like solids.
Aggregates are used :
In road bases as Asphalt Aggregates.
With ordinary Portland cement(OPC) as normal aggregates as fills in foundations and as aggregate accordingly to project specific studies.
About three-fourth (75%) of the volume of Portland cement concrete is occupied by aggregates. Other 25% include cementing materials like cement, sand and synthetic admixtures.Asphalt cement concrete occupy 90% or more of the total volume. The remaining portion is mainly sand and Bitumen which acts as cementing material in is Asphalt Aggregates.
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Road aggregate are the non-active inert material used to provide mass to the base and sub-base courses.
Road aggregate should have high strength to bear the traffic load.
Road aggregates must have higher impact value to withstand the Tyre impact phenomenon.
By volume, aggregate generally account for 92 to 96% of bituminous concrete.
Road aggregates should have relatively:
High strength
High resistance to impact & abrasion
Impermeable
Chemically inert
Low coefficient of expansion
Concrete Aggregate:
Portland cement concrete occupy volume of about 70-80% of aggregates.
Fine aggregates are used in making thin concrete slabs where a smooth surface is required. Fine aggregate is commonly known as Pan.
Coarse aggregate is used for more massive members.
Fine aggregates are used in making thin concrete slabs where a smooth surface is required. Fine aggregate is commonly known as Pan.
Coarse aggregate is used for more massive members.
Fine aggregates are used in making thin concrete slabs where a smooth surface is required. Fine aggregate is commonly known as Pan.
Coarse aggregate is used for more massive members.
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The siliceous materials are Opal, Chalcedony, Flint & Volcanic Glass.
These siliceous materials have Deleterious reaction, if high alkali-cement is used.
This can be avoided by using low alkali-cement and also by adding Pozzolana to the Mix.
Alkali-aggregate reaction can also occur
The percentage of strained Quartz in the aggregate also have deleterious reaction.
If Percentage of Strained Quartz is >40%, were highly reative.
Between 30-35% were moderate reative.
Argillaceous dolostones ( containing clay minerals) may expand when used with high alkali-cement.
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Aggregates make up 60-75% of the total volume of concrete and include materials like gravel, sand, and crushed stone. The physical properties of aggregates that are important for concrete include unit weight, void content, specific gravity, particle shape and surface texture, shrinkage, absorption, and resistance to freezing and thawing. Proper aggregate selection and testing physical properties helps ensure high-quality concrete with good strength and durability.
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This document discusses different types of aggregates used in concrete. There are four main types of aggregates: natural aggregates like granite, limestone, and sandstone; artificial aggregates like slag; aggregates classified by size like fine aggregates less than 4.75mm and coarse aggregates larger; and aggregates classified by shape like rounded, flaky or elongated. Important properties of aggregates include specific gravity, bulk density, moisture content, absorption, and crushing strength. Natural aggregates are preferred as they are stronger and less porous than artificial aggregates.
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Aggregates make up 65-80% of concrete's volume and are inert fillers that float in the cement paste. Their characteristics impact the performance of fresh and hardened concrete. Aggregates are classified based on size, specific gravity, availability, shape, and texture. Proper aggregate grading leads to a dense, strong concrete mixture. The fineness modulus is a number that indicates an aggregate's grading, and the flakiness index measures elongated particles. Well-graded aggregates with low elongation produce high quality concrete.
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Aggregates make up 70-80% of concrete by volume and can be classified by source, size, shape, and other properties. Their properties affect the workability, strength, and economics of concrete. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are common sources. Aggregate size, shape, texture, strength, and durability all impact the performance of concrete. Tests are used to evaluate aggregate crushing strength, impact resistance, and abrasion characteristics important for different concreting applications. Proper aggregate selection and testing are essential for producing high quality concrete.
Classification, properties and extraction of Aggregates
Aggregate:
Aggregates are defined as inert, granular, and inorganic material that normally consist of stone or stone like solids.
Aggregates are used :
In road bases as Asphalt Aggregates.
With ordinary Portland cement(OPC) as normal aggregates as fills in foundations and as aggregate accordingly to project specific studies.
About three-fourth (75%) of the volume of Portland cement concrete is occupied by aggregates. Other 25% include cementing materials like cement, sand and synthetic admixtures.Asphalt cement concrete occupy 90% or more of the total volume. The remaining portion is mainly sand and Bitumen which acts as cementing material in is Asphalt Aggregates.
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Road aggregate are the non-active inert material used to provide mass to the base and sub-base courses.
Road aggregate should have high strength to bear the traffic load.
Road aggregates must have higher impact value to withstand the Tyre impact phenomenon.
By volume, aggregate generally account for 92 to 96% of bituminous concrete.
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High strength
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Concrete Aggregate:
Portland cement concrete occupy volume of about 70-80% of aggregates.
Fine aggregates are used in making thin concrete slabs where a smooth surface is required. Fine aggregate is commonly known as Pan.
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Fine aggregates are used in making thin concrete slabs where a smooth surface is required. Fine aggregate is commonly known as Pan.
Coarse aggregate is used for more massive members.
Fine aggregates are used in making thin concrete slabs where a smooth surface is required. Fine aggregate is commonly known as Pan.
Coarse aggregate is used for more massive members.
Siliceous material in aggregates
The siliceous materials are Opal, Chalcedony, Flint & Volcanic Glass.
These siliceous materials have Deleterious reaction, if high alkali-cement is used.
This can be avoided by using low alkali-cement and also by adding Pozzolana to the Mix.
Alkali-aggregate reaction can also occur
The percentage of strained Quartz in the aggregate also have deleterious reaction.
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This document discusses the classification and properties of aggregates used in concrete. It describes three main classifications of aggregates: 1) based on unit weight as normal, heavyweight, or lightweight, 2) based on size as fine or coarse aggregate, and 3) based on shape as rounded, irregular, angular, or flaky. It then discusses various physical and engineering properties of aggregates including size, shape, strength, surface texture, specific gravity, bulk density, water absorption, and soundness. The purpose is to provide information on aggregates for use in concrete mixtures in civil engineering applications.
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Concrete is a mixture of paste and aggregates. Aggregates make up 60-75% of concrete and include sand, gravel, or crushed stone. Aggregates are classified as fine or coarse based on their size, and can be natural or manufactured. Tests are performed on aggregates to determine properties like grading, shape, density, moisture content, and durability which influence the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. Proper aggregate selection and testing is important for producing high quality, high strength concrete.
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Aggregates make up 60-75% of the total volume of concrete and include materials like gravel, sand, and crushed stone. The physical properties of aggregates that are important for concrete include unit weight, void content, specific gravity, particle shape and surface texture, shrinkage, absorption, and resistance to freezing and thawing. Proper aggregate selection and testing physical properties helps ensure high-quality concrete with good strength and durability.
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3) Key tests described are for crushing strength, impact value, abrasion resistance, specific gravity, absorption, and moisture content. Proper testing ensures aggregates meet requirements for uses like concrete.
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Aggregates make up 70-80% of concrete by volume and can be natural materials like sand, gravel, granite or artificial like slag or fly ash. They are classified based on weight as normal, light or heavy; size as fine or coarse; and shape as rounded, irregular, angular or flat. Good aggregates are hard, durable, free of organic materials and have low crushing, impact and abrasion values. Tests are conducted to evaluate aggregates for use in concrete.
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The document discusses various materials used in pavement construction including road aggregates, subbase, and base course materials. It describes desirable properties for road aggregates including resistance to crushing, abrasion, impact, and weathering. It explains that a subbase layer provides a cost-effective way to build thick pavements and can consist of select gravels or stabilized soils. A base course improves load distribution and support. The document also discusses soil-aggregate mix properties, grading requirements, and construction considerations for pavement materials.
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Aggregates are inert materials mixed with binding materials like cement or lime to form concrete or mortar. They are classified as fine aggregates, which pass through a 4.75 mm sieve, and coarse aggregates, which are larger. Common types of fine aggregates include sand and crushed stone or gravel. Coarse aggregates include gravel, crushed stone, and manufactured stones. Tests are conducted to ensure aggregates are clean, durable, and free of harmful substances that could affect concrete or mortar strength and durability.
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The aggregate is a relatively inert material and it imparts volume stability.
The aggregate provide about 75% of the body of the concrete and hence its influence is extremely important (70 to 80 %)
An aggregate should be of proper shape and size, clean, hard and well graded.
It must possess chemical stability and it must exhibit abrasion resistance.
Classification of Aggregate
I. Classification Based on Size
a. Fine aggregates:
b. Coarse aggregates:
II. Classification Based on Shape
a. Rounded aggregate:
b. Irregular aggregates
c. Angular aggregates
d. Flaky and elongated aggregates
III. Classification based on unit weight
a. Normal weight aggregates
b. Heavy weight aggregates
c. Light weight aggregates
The physical properties of aggregates are;
1. Shape
2. Size
3. Color
4. Texture
5. Gradation
6. Fineness modulus
Effect of aggregate properties on concrete
a. Particle Size, Grading and Dust Content
b. Particle Shape
c. Particle Surface Texture
d. Water Absorption
fineness modulus - According to IS 2386-1963, the sieves that are to be used for the sieve analysis of the aggregate for concrete are 80mm, 40mm, 20mm, 10mm, 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 600m, 300m and 150m.
Gradation of aggregates
Gradation refers to the particle size distribution of aggregates.
The gradation of coarse aggregate plays an important role in workability and paste requirements.
The gradation of fine aggregate affects the workability and finishing ability of concrete.
Types of gradation:
a. Well graded
b. Poor / Uniform graded
c. Gap graded
Mechanical Properties
The following are the properties to be analyzed for aggregates, they are
a. Toughness
b. Hardness
c. Specific gravity
d. Bulk Density
e. Porosity and absorption of aggregates
f. Moisture content of aggregate
Mechanical Strength Test
a. Crushing strength Test
b. Impact strength Test
c. Abrasion Test (Los Angeles Test)
Water (for concrete)
Water is the most important material for construction, especially for making concrete.
The purpose of water in concrete are
a. It distributes the cement evenly.
b. It reacts with cement chemically and produces calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel which gives the strength to concrete.
c. It provides for workability, i.e., it lubricates the mix.
d. Hence, for construction, quantity and quality of water is as important as cement.
As water quantity goes up in a mix (ill effect), the following are the effects:
a. Strength decreases
b. Durability decreases
c. Workability increases
d. Cohesion decreases
e. Economy may increase at the expense of quality and reliability.
Quality of water for concrete (IS10500:2012)
a. Chlorides: They can cause corrosion of steel reinforcement, can accelerate setting.
b. Sulphates: They reduce long-term strength levels.
c. Organic matter: If an alga is present, water should not be used. It will affect the setting and strength development.
d. Sugar: It will retard setting time.
e. Wastewater: It should never be used in construction.
Aggregate (elements of civil engineering)
Aggregates make up 70-80% of concrete and can be natural materials like sand, gravel, granite or artificial like slag or fly ash. They are classified based on weight as normal, light, or heavy. Aggregates are also classified based on size as fine or coarse, and on shape as rounded, irregular, angular or flat. Good aggregates are hard, durable, free of organic materials and have low moisture content. Tests are conducted to determine properties like crushing strength and impact and abrasion resistance.
Aggregates, Types, Properties, Sources, Uses and its test by Suman Jyoti
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Aggregates are granular materials like sand, gravel, or crushed stone used with water and cement to make concrete. They come in two sizes: fine aggregates smaller than 5 mm and coarse aggregates larger than 5 mm. Aggregates provide strength, reduce cracking, and lower the cost of concrete. They are selected based on being hard, durable, and free of organic materials or other substances that could weaken the concrete. Aggregates are classified by size, manufacturing method, and density. Physical tests are conducted to determine properties like strength, hardness, porosity, and grading.Investigation of behaviour of concrete on adding crumb
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Briefly describe about Construction Aggregates. How to manufractured how sampling its uses application all thing are described here. To understand about aggregate read this slide.
type of aggregate
The document provides information on aggregates used in concrete, including their definition, classification, properties, grading, and tests. It defines aggregates as materials such as sand and gravel used to make concrete and mortar. Aggregates are classified by their geological origin, size, and shape. Their properties including strength, absorption, and density are described. The importance of proper grading of aggregates for density and strength of concrete is discussed. Common tests on aggregates like crushing value, impact value, and abrasion value are outlined.
Aggregates
Aggregates are a combination of different sized stones used in construction. They are classified based on size, source, and density. Fine aggregates are less than 5mm while coarse aggregates are greater than 5mm. Natural aggregates come from sources like rivers while manufactured aggregates are crushed. Normal weight aggregates have densities from 1520-1680kg/m3 while lightweight aggregates are less than 1120kg/m3. Tests are conducted to determine properties like strength, hardness, durability and water absorption. Sieve analysis tests the grading and ensures a range of aggregate sizes are present.
Building Materials and Concrete Technology Unit 2
Aggregates: Classification of aggregate, Bond, Strength and other mechanical properties of aggregate, Physical properties of aggregate, bulking of sand, Deleterious substance in aggregate, Soundness of aggregate, Alkali-Aggregate reaction – Thermal properties, Sieve analysis – Fineness modulus – Grading curves – Grading of fine and coarse aggregates as per relevant IS code, Maximum aggregate size
Portland Cement: Chemical composition, Hydration, Structure of hydrated cement – Setting of cement, Fineness of cement, Tests for physical properties – Different grades of cements-Supplementary cementitious materials: Fly ash, GGBS, Silica fume, Rice husk ash, Calcinated ash (Basic properties and their contribution to concrete strength). Admixtures: Mineral and Chemical admixtures
Module 1.pdf
The document provides an overview of aggregates used in pavement construction including their origin, classification, properties, and tests. It discusses the three main types of aggregates - natural (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic), artificial, and their characteristics. Requirements for road aggregates and important properties like strength, hardness, toughness, durability, and shape are explained. Finally, the document describes common tests on aggregates - aggregate crushing value, Los Angeles abrasion, aggregate impact, and shape tests to determine flakiness and elongation indices.
Module 1.docx
This document provides an overview of aggregates used in pavement construction. It discusses the origin, classification, and properties of different types of aggregates including natural aggregates derived from igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Requirements, tests, and desirable properties of aggregates are outlined. Key tests discussed include aggregate crushing value, Los Angeles abrasion, aggregate impact, and shape tests to evaluate flakiness and elongation. The document aims to inform on appropriate aggregate selection and specifications for use in bases, subbases, and wearing courses.
Aggregates Physical Properties and Mechanical Properties.pptx
Aggregates make up 65-80% of concrete by volume and come in two sizes: fine aggregates smaller than 4.75mm (such as sand) and coarse aggregates larger than 4.75mm (such as gravel). The physical properties of aggregates like shape, texture and grading impact the performance of fresh and hardened concrete. Aggregates are classified based on size, specific gravity, availability and other physical properties. Proper aggregate selection and testing of properties like flakiness index, elongation index and bulk density are important to achieve high quality concrete.
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Coarse Aggregates are the main component of concrete and occupy around 45% of the total volume of concrete. Their Properties have a profound effect on the various properties of concrete when wet as well as after hardening. There are many sources in Kashmir which have abundant supply of natural aggregates (gravel) cheaply available than machine (jaw crushers) crushed rock aggregates. In our work a comparison of the various properties of concrete made from
machine crushed rock aggregates and natural aggregates (gravel)was done. Need was felt for this study as the major private constructions (some Government constructions) that are carried out in most of Srinagar, Bandipora and Ganderbal districts use natural aggregates procured from nearby
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Concrete technology
This document provides information about different types of cement and concrete. It discusses the key constituents of concrete including cement, sand, gravel and water. It describes different types of cement such as Portland cement and their uses. The document also covers topics like mix design, properties and testing of concrete, and properties and testing of aggregates used in concrete.
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150860106006 54 55_62_aggregrates
- 1. LAXMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SARIGAM. PRESENTATION ON: AGGREGRATES.
- 2. PRESENTED BY: NAME: BHANDARI NEENAD PRAJAPATI RIYA P. RATHOD NEHA M. SHAIKH MOHAMMEDAMIR N. GUIDED BY: NIKITA CHOUHAN, (ASSISSTANT PROFESSOR, CIVIL DEPARTMENT,LIT) ENROLLMENT NO.: 150860106006 150860106054 150860106055 150860106062
- 3. INTRODUCTION:- Aggregate are the important constituent in concrete. Aggregate are granular material, derived from the most part from the natural rocks, crushed stones, or natural gravels and sands. Aggregate generally occupy about 70% to 80% of the volume of concrete and can therefore be expected to have an important influence on it properties.
- 5. CLASSIFICATION OF AGGREGATE:- a)CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SIZE: >Coarse aggregate: Aggregate which retained on the No.4 (4.75mm) sieve. The function of the coarse aggregate is to act as the main load-bearing component of the concrete. >Fine aggregate: Aggregate passing No.4(4.75mm) sieve and predominately retained on the No.200 (75µ) sieve. The fine aggregate serve the purpose of filling all the open space in between the coarse particles.
- 6. b)CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SOURCE: >Natural aggregates: This kind of aggregate is taken from natural deposits without changing their nature during the process production such as crushing and grinding. >Manufactured (synthetics) aggregates: This is a kind of man-made materials produced as a main product or an industrial by-product. Some example are blast furnace slag, air cooled slag and broken bricks. Synthetics aggregates are produced by thermally processed materials such as expanded clay and shale used for making light weight concrete. 6
- 7. c)CLASSIFICATION BASED ON UNIT WEIGHT: Aggregates are classified as Light-weight, Heavy- weight and Normal-weight aggregate depending on weight and specific gravity. AGGREGAT E SPECIFIC GRAVITY UNIT WEIGHT (kN/m3) BULK DENSITY (kN/m3) EXAMPLE normal- weight 2.5-2.7 23-26 15.20-16.80 sand heavy-weight 2.8-2.9 25-29 >20.80 Scrap iron light-weight 12 <11.20 dolomite
- 8. d)CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SHAPE: The shape of aggregates is an important characteristic, since it affect the workability of concrete. CLASSIFICATION EXAMPLE Rounded River or seashore gravels Partly rounded Pit sands & Gravels Angular Crushed Rocks Flaky Laminated rocks
- 10. e)CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SURFACE TEXTURE: Surface texture is a measure of the smoothness and roughness of aggregate. The grouping of aggregate is broad and is based on visual examination of the specimen. As per IS:383-1970 the aggregates are classified into five groups, namely, Glassy, Smooth, Granular, Crystalline, Honeycombed and Porous. CLASSIFICATION EXAMPLES Glassy Black flint Smooth Gravel, Marble Granular Sandstone Rough Basalt Crystalline Granite Honeycombed & Porous Brick, slag
- 11. SMOOTH ROUGH
- 12. GOOD QUALITYIES OF AN IDEAL AGGREGATE: An ideal aggregate used for the manufacturing of concrete and mortar, should meet the following requirements. (1) It should consist of natural stones, gravels and sand or in various combinations of these materials. (2) It should be hard, strong and durable. (3) It should be dense, clear and free from any coating. (4) It should be free from injurious vegetable matters. (5) It should not contain flaky (angular) and elongated pieces. (6) It should not contain any material liable to attack steel reinforcement in case of reinforced concrete.
- 13. TESTS ON AGGREGATE:- The test usually conducted on coarse aggregates are >PARTICLE SIZE >FLAKINESS &ELONGATION INDEX >MOISTURE CONTENT >SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION >TEN PERCENT FINE VALUE >AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE >AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE > AGGREGATE ABRASION VALUE
- 14. IMPACT VALUE TEST The aggregate impact value gives a relative measure of the resistance of an aggregate to sudden shock or impact. The impact value is some times used as an alternative to its crushing value. Material passing 12.5mm and retained on 10mm sieve is taken.
- 15. AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE:- The aggregate crushing value gives a relative measure of resistance of an aggregate to crushing under a gradually applied compressive load. The aggregate crushing strength value is useful factor to know the behavior of aggregates when subjected to wear. CRUSHING VALUE = weight of fraction passing the sieve total weight of sample
- 16. AGGREGATE ABRASION VALUE:- The aggregate abrasion value gives a relative measure of resistance of an aggregate to wear when it is rotated in a cylinder along with some abrasive charge
- 17. SIEVE ANALYSIS Sieve analysis is also called as Particle size value. In determination of the proportions of the particles with in certain ranges in an aggregate by separation on various sieves of different size openings, may be defined as sieve analysis. FINENESS MODULUS = cumulative % of agg retained on each sieve 100
- 18. SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF AGG. Sp.Gr. is used in certain computations for concrete mix design or control work, such as, absolute volume of aggregate in concrete. It is not a measure of the quality of aggregate. Sp.Gr.= Weight of Agg. (WA) Weight of an equal volume of water (VA*ρw) = WA VA*ρw = ρA ρw Density of Agg. Density of Water
- 19. FLAKINESS & ELONGATION INDEX FLAKINESS INDEX = weight of particle passing through the gauge weight of sample ELONGATION INDEX = weight of particle retained on length gauge weight of sample
- 20. THANK YOU