Flame retardant
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This document discusses flame resistance in textiles. It defines flame resistance as preventing, terminating, or inhibiting flaming combustion following ignition. Flammability of textiles can cause injuries and property damage from fires. Standards tests involve exposing fabric samples to a flame for 1-4 seconds and measuring how far flames spread. Textiles can be made flame resistant through inherent fibers, fibers with flame-retardant chemicals, or flame-resistant finishes. Common flame-retardant fibers include asbestos, glass fibers, and aramids. Chemicals like phosphorus, nitrogen, and halogens are also used to impart flame resistance when added to fabrics like polyester, cotton, and their blends.
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flame retardents by ankit
This document discusses flame retardants in textiles. It begins by outlining the needs for flame retardants, such as protecting consumers and workers from fires. It then discusses the different types of flame retardant fabrics and provides a brief history of flame retardant usage. The document focuses on the mechanisms of flame retardancy, including disrupting the combustion cycle through heat sinks, insulating layers, and producing less flammable gases. It also covers testing methods and factors that affect flame resistance. Specific applications for protective firefighter clothing are discussed at the end.
Fire retardant textiles
Although all Textiles will burn, some are naturally more resistant to fire than others. Those that are more flammable can have their fire resistance drastically improved by treatment with fire retardant chemicals called flame Retardant Textiles.
Aramid fiber
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This document summarizes information about glass fiber, including its history, manufacturing process, properties, applications, and end products. Glass fiber is made of extremely fine glass fibers and is produced through a process of heating and drawing glass into fibers. It has good strength, durability, and electrical resistivity. Major applications of glass fiber include composites for transportation, electronics, construction, infrastructure, aerospace, and medical products. Glass fiber has comparable mechanical properties to carbon fiber but is cheaper and less brittle. It has a bright future due to its unique physical properties.
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This document discusses the production of polyester fiber through various fiber production processes. It begins by defining polyester as a long-chain polymer composed of at least 85% ester units formed from the reaction of alcohols and acids. The key raw materials used are terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol, and dimethyl terephthalate. Polyester fiber can be produced through two main routes - the dimethyl terephthalate route and the terephthalic acid route. The document provides detailed information on the chemical reactions, catalysts, side reactions, degradation processes, and thermal stabilizers used in each production route.
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Carbon fiber formation
Carbon fiber is a strong yet lightweight material made mostly of carbon atoms. It is 5 times stronger than steel but only one-fourth the weight. Carbon fibers are produced from organic polymers like polyacrylonitrile and petroleum pitch through processes involving stabilization, carbonization, and graphitization. The aligned carbon atoms give carbon fiber high strength and stiffness. When combined with resins to form composites, carbon fiber reinforced plastic has applications in aerospace, automotive, sports equipment, civil engineering and more due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. While expensive currently, the market for carbon fiber is projected to grow significantly as costs decrease and new applications are found.
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This document discusses the production of polyester fiber through various fiber production processes. It begins by defining polyester as a long-chain polymer composed of at least 85% ester units formed from the reaction of alcohols and acids. The key raw materials used are terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol, and dimethyl terephthalate. Polyester fiber can be produced through two main routes - the dimethyl terephthalate route and the terephthalic acid route. The document provides detailed information on the chemical reactions, catalysts, side reactions, degradation processes, and thermal stabilizers used in each production route.
Elastomeric Fiber
Elastomeric fibers are fibers that can stretch to very high elongations (400-800%) and rapidly recover their original length. They include fibers made from natural and synthetic rubbers as well as spandex and polyacrylates. Elastomeric fibers are produced via a spinning process where polymers are mixed and reacted to form long chains, then extruded through spinnerets into a water bath or air to solidify. The fibers have excellent elasticity and strength even at high elongations. Common applications include clothing, automotive and industrial parts, coatings and more where elasticity is required.
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Acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers made from polyacrylonitrile. They are produced through a process involving polymerization, dissolving the polymer in a solvent, extruding it through a spinneret, and coagulating the filaments. Acrylic fibers are used to make clothing, home goods, and industrial materials due to their moisture wicking, colorfastness, warmth, and low cost. Common acrylic clothing includes sweaters, socks, and coats.
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Dr. B.M.N. College_ Speciality finished for performance
Ppt on polyster matrix in rockwool fiber and cobalt particulates
Ppt on polyster matrix in rockwool fiber and cobalt particulates
Recently uploaded
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
Recently uploaded (20)
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Flame retardant
- 2. Flame resistance is defined by ASTM “The property of a material whereby flaming combustion is prevented , terminated or inhibited following application of a flaming or non-flaming source of ignition , with or without the subsequent removal of the ignition source”
- 3. Flammability of textile is an important contributor to series injuries and loss of life and property in fires.
- 4. Flammability Standards and test “A piece of fabric placed in holder at a 45 degree angle and exposed to a flame for 1.0 second must not spread flame up the length of the sample in less 3.5 seconds for smooth fabrics or 4.0 seconds for napped fabrics” Five specimens measuring two inches by six inches are required for each test
- 5. Flame Resistant textiles Textile products can be made flame resistant by using fibers that are inherently flame resistant , by using manufactured fibers that have flame-retardant chemicals included in the solution or melt before they spun through spinneret or by application of flame resistant finish.
- 6. Flame Resistant textiles More thermally stable materials such as asbestos , glass fibers, the aramids could be called fireproof substances that will not burn. Glass fibers has many industrial uses and may be used to limited extent in househols textile product such as window shades or lamp shades.
- 7. Flame Resistant textiles Modacrylic fibers offered adequate flame resistance at a moderate cost and were used in carpets , curtains , children’s sleepwear and airline blankets. Modacrylic has been largely replaced by polyester that has flame-retardant chemicals added. Phosphorus , nitrogen , halogens , boron and zirconium are commonly used.
- 8. Flame Resistant textiles Durable flame resistant finishes for cotton and cotton and cotton blend fabric contain phosphorus and nitrogen. They react chemically with fibers and inhibit the production of compounds that fuel the flame. Commercial flame retardant finishes are Pyrovatex, Proban , and PyronO
- 10. A particular problem in textile flammability is the burning of cotton/polyester blends. Because polyester is less flammable that cotton, common assumption is that blend will be less hazardous than all-cotton fabrics. But the char left as cotton burns serves to hold the melting point and dripping polyester in the flame. This is referred as a SCAFFOLDING effect that prevents the polyester from dripping away, as it would 100 percent polyester fabric. The polyester remains in the flame and contributes to the burning.
- 11. Flame Retardants Also knows as Fire-Retardants Water soluble compounds of phosphorus, antimony and boron. Phosphates and borates ( for temporary flame retardancy ) Phosphorous containing methylol compounds like tetrakis ( Hydroxy methyl ) phosphoniumchloride and oxide ( THPC and THPOH ), Oligomeric Vinyl Phosphonate ( Permanent flame retardants )