This document provides information and instructions for a school project on first aid. It includes an acknowledgement, introduction, contents of a first aid kit, types of first aid for different injuries (fractures, poisoning, cuts, heat/cold waves, fainting), and instructions. The instructions discuss the need for first aid, introducing first aid concepts with a local doctor, demonstrating first aid methods, and having students prepare first aid kits. The project aims to educate students on first aid techniques that could save lives in emergency situations.
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My mother at Sixty-six is a poem in flamingo (12th class english textbook). This PPt can be helpul to those who're making projects on same.This PPt has poem narration, intrappt html links.
English ASL Project Work - The Enemy - The Conflict of Human EmotionsHarlincoln Singh Thandi
English Assessment of Speaking and Listening (ASL) project was prepared by me and my teammates (Kuki Sain and Khushi Kumari) with a bit of help from our friends, Jishna Ben and Vansham Kamboj.
We were directed to choose a chapter from the NCERT textbook, Vistas then choose a related topic to that chapter. We chose chapter 4 - The Enemy, written by Pearl Sydenstricker Buck. From this chapter, we chose the topic, Conflict of Human Emotions.
English ASL Project Work - The Enemy - The Conflict of Human EmotionsHarlincoln Singh Thandi
English Assessment of Speaking and Listening (ASL) project was prepared by me and my teammates (Kuki Sain and Khushi Kumari) with a bit of help from our friends, Jishna Ben and Vansham Kamboj.
We were directed to choose a chapter from the NCERT textbook, Vistas then choose a related topic to that chapter. We chose chapter 4 - The Enemy, written by Pearl Sydenstricker Buck. From this chapter, we chose the topic, Conflict of Human Emotions.
Bandaging and Splinting & Slings; Techniques and Types (Health Subject)Jewel Jem
A short report about bandaging, types of bandages, bandaging techniques and even Splinting & Slings, types of splinting & slings, splinting & Splints techniques
What is First Aid? First Aid is the immediate care you give someone with an illness or injury before such as Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrives. Giving First Aid may help someone recover more completely and quickly and it may mean the difference between life and death.
You’ll learn:
How to provide CPR.
How to provide first aid for burn (Elect. & Chemical).
How to provide first aid for broken bones.
How to treat for cut and scrapes.
How to provide first aid for severe bleeding injury.
The most important principles in First Aid that will help students to understand the main points of learning First Aid and applying them in their daily life and also to become a competent learner.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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Project on first aid
1. PROJECT ON FIRST AID -
BOX
• SUBMIT TO - RAJINI
MAM
SUBMITTED BY -
NEHA & KANIKA
CLASS - X DIAMOND
2. AcknowledgementAcknowledgement
For the successful completion of the project, I would like to thank first
of all my social science teacher [rajini mam] who introduced me to this
project and incepted me with the idea of how to proceed with the
project. This project definitely would have not been a successful project
without his assistance and vigilance. There are many other people whom
I would like to thank. First of all I would like to thank my parents
for helping me in the project . And my friends who help us in making
this project. Again, I would like to thank the above mentioned people.
Without them, this project could not have been the way it is..........
Neha &
kanika
3. INTRODUCTION
• We know what the value of our life is. But, there are situations in which it falls
in danger and sometimes, without appropriate steps that need to be taken, lives
are lost. A drop of water is more valuable to a man who is thirsty, nearing to“
death than a tumbler full of water when he is dead.” Yes, in most of the cases of
injury, if first aid is provided successfully, the dangers to life are reduced to less
than 60%. However, in most of the cases in which the injured is serious, lack of
first aid leads the injured to his last breath. This project has been intentioned to
be viewed as a pocket first aid guide which can be used for reference during
emergencies. Readers may find guidelines, which contain steps that need to be
taken to give first aid for fractures, poisoning, cuts, burns and a lot of other cases
in which first aid can prove to be the life saving action.
4. Essence of a First Aid Kit
• To provide the needy with first aid properly, one
needs to have a good first aid kit which contains
the essential things which might be needed while
providing first aid to the injured. A good first aid kit
must contain the following things in side it –
• Adhesive tape
• Crepe bandage
• Cotton
• Wool
• Sterile Dressing
• Soap
• Gloves
5. • Scissors
• Thermometer
• Pain Killer
• Antacid
• Mineral Water (to be renewed regularly)
• Triangular Bandage
• ORS Packets
• Antiseptic Liquid Disinfectant like Dettol or Savalon A
first aid kit can be made in any kind of box.
One can use a shoe box to make a first aid kit too.
However, it is to be kept in mind that the first aid
box must be clean.
6. First Aid for Different Injuries and
Circumstances
– In this column, one can find first aid measures for different types
of injuries and circumstances. One of the very important steps is
calling for the emergency help or calling for the ambulance in all
the cases. It has not been included one by one in all the cases
or injuries.
First Aid for Fractures
In case of fractures or broken bone, one should do the following as the steps
of providing first aid –
1. Stop any bleeding – In case there is any bleeding nearby the fractured
area, the first aid provider must try to stop it by applying pressure on the
wound with clean, sterile bandage or a clean cloth like a clean handkerchief.
2. Immobilize the fractured part – The fractured area must not be moved or tried
to be realigned or pushed. Until and unless the first aid provider is an expert
7. What is First Aid?
• First Aid is a set of measures which need to be taken in order to
prevent any further harm being done to the body of an injured person in
case of an accidental injury. First aid has three main objectives –
• 1. To preserve life of the injured – Definitely, the main objective of
providing first aid to the injured is that life of the injured can be saved.
The life of the injured must not be lost just because no one was there to
provide first aid – this is the main objective of first aid.
•
2. To prevent deterioration
of the condition – The first aider needs to make sure that the condition
of the injured does not deteriorate otherwise the first objective might
fail.
3. To promote recovery of the
injured – If the first and the second objectives are successfully met,
then the first aid provider must try to take the injured to the doctor in
case of availability. Otherwise, he / she must try his best to do what he /
she can do in order to support recovery of the injured.
8. • or a professional, the fractured part must not be manually tried to be
adjusted. If the provider is an expert and knows how to fit a splint, a
splint must be tried to be fitted.
3. Apply ice – A mass of ice must be applied to the fractured area in order to
limit the swelling and help the injured person to get a bit of relieve until the
arrival of emergency help. The ice must not be applied directly, but must be
wrapped in a towel or any other piece of cloth and then must be applied.
4. Treating for shock – If the person is getting unconscious or is fainting, then
the person must be treated with mouth to mouth breaths, and must be tried to
lay down with the legs, slightly raised.
5. Padding or Support – The wound can also be supported with padding so
as to relax the injured.
9. First Aid for Poisoning
• In case of poisoning, the following first aid measures can be taken –
1. Fresh air – If the person has inhaled the poison, then he must be
allowed to intake fresh air immediately, as soon as possible.
2. Removal from the mouth – In case the victim has swallowed the
poison, anything which remains in his mouth, must be removed
immediately.
3. Dilution – In case of intake of poison through mouth, the person must be
made to drink water or milk in order to dilute the poison.
4. Requesting directions from control centre – If the poison is a household
cleaner or some other chemical then one should try to call up the control
centre through the phone number supplied on the back of the container and
directions must be requested.
5. CPR – If the person suffers from breathing problems, then he must be aided
with CPR.CPR or Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a process which is attempt
10. • in an effort to bring someone who is showing no signs of circulation,
back to life. This can involve chest compressions at 100 compressions
or more per minute and artificial (mouth to mouth) respiration.
6. Cleaning – If the poison has spilled off on the cloth, skin or eyes of the
person, then the person’s cloth, skin or eye must be cleaned with regular
showers of lukewarm water for about 20 minutes.
11. First Aid for Cuts
The following steps must be undertaken in case of a cut
1. Stopping the bleeding – In case of a cut, if the bleeding of the wound does not
stop itself in a few minutes, then gentle pressure with a piece of clean cloth or
bandage, must be applied.
2. Cleaning – The wound must be cleaned with fresh water. If available, a
Antiseptic Liquid Disinfectant must be used to clean the wound. Debris and dirt
should be carefully removed without troubling the injured. The hands of the
cleaner must be sterilized or gloves should be used.
3. Antibiotic or Ointment – After cleaning the wound, a thin layer of antibiotic or
ointment like Neosporin must be applied.
4. Bandaging– After cleaning and applying ointment on the wound, a sterile
bandage must be used to cover the wound, carefully.
5. Stitches – For deep wounds, the first aid provider must seek help and get the
deep wounds stitched if possible.
12. • 6. Tetanus – If one suspects that the cut has been caused by some
dangerous, rusted thing, then the injured person must be given a tetanus
shot or tetanus injection too.
13. First Aid for Heat and Cold Wave
Heat wave or heat stroke is also known as sunstroke or hyperthermia. This
is generally caused due to excessive exercise during high temperature
conditions and high humidity and inadequate water supply. Also, heat
waves like loo winds can be the reason. Following steps can be taken as
first aid for heat waves –
1. Air Conditioning – The person suffering from heat wave must be instantly
brought to an air conditioned ambience. Though fans would work too, but air
conditioners would be more effective.
2. Mineral drinks - If the person is not allergic to any of these drinks, then he
must be provided with sherbet or mineral drinks.
3. Cramps - If the person feels that he is having cramps, the area where he
feels the cramp is must be massaged and must be transferred to a cool place.
Cold waves or hypothermia is a condition when the body loses a lot of its heat.
Following are the first aid measures to be taken for cold wave –
14. 1. Blanket - The person suffering from cold wave must be provided with a
blanket.
2. Hot Drinks – The person can be provided with hot drinks like tea, coffee etc.
Also, he can be provided with soup and broth.
3. Hot water bath – The person can be arranged for a hot water bath. This is
effective in increasing the temperature of the body.
First Aid for Fainting
If oneself faints, the person must lie down with head between the knees. If
someone else faints, then the following steps can be taken –
1. Positioning the person – The person must be positioned on his back with the
leg’s elevated above the chest level. He must not be made to get up too quickly.
2. CPR – If the signs of circulation like breathing, movement, coughing, etc. are
absent, then the CPR must be initiated.
15. INSTRUCTIONS
• Need of First Aid – After telling them the story, I would tell them about what
the need of first aid is and how useful it can be at instances.
Introduction to First Aid by a doctor – I would approach a local doctor who
agrees with me on introducing these illiterate people about the first aid. I would
ask him to give a speech to the people and tell them about the first aid.
How to give First Aid – Next, I would introduce them to the methods of giving
first aid to the victim in case of different situations, as mentioned in this pocket
guide. This will help them be informed on how to give first aid, in case,
someday needed.
Preparation of First Aid Kit – I would ask them all to prepare a good first aid kit
and after prepared, will ask them to show it to me and I would approve them if
they are fine and will bring them to correction if not. These are what I will do in
order to make illiterate people aware about the first aid.
16. Conclusion
• As the concluding part of this project, I would like
to say that – “Without proper action at proper
time, danger awaits us with a bigger face.” We
must act on time when a person is injured. We
must take care of the person the way it is meant.
Otherwise, a valuable life might be lost. We
need to understand how precious lives of people
are and what importance first aid carries in
saving these precious lives. If this project
imparts this idea in even one person, I would
think that the project has been successful
thankyou.....................