Here are the possible causes of fire identified in the passage and a brief explanation for each: 1. Electrical faults/wiring - Faulty electrical wiring or connections can cause sparks or overheating that ignites nearby combustible materials. 2. Gas appliances - Leaks from LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) tanks or lines used in stoves, heaters, etc. provide fuel that can ignite if a source of ignition is present. 3. Cooking accidents - Leaving cooking unattended on the stove can allow grease or other foods to overheat and ignite. 4. Cigarettes - Discarded cigarettes that are not fully extinguished can smolder and ignite combustibles like trash or mul

1. Directions: Identify the following
statements if it’s TRUE or FALSE
based on the underlined
word/phrase.
•1. Fire is a chemical
reaction of oxygen and
other substances that
gives out light, heat,
and smoke.

2. Directions: Identify the following
statements if it’s TRUE or FALSE
based on the underlined
word/phrase.
•2. Oxygen is one
of the ingredients
for fire to start
and continue.

3. Directions: Identify the following
statements if it’s TRUE or FALSE
based on the underlined
word/phrase.
•3. Smoke is one of
the components of
the Fire Triangle
together with Heat
and Fuel.

4. Directions: Identify the following
statements if it’s TRUE or FALSE
based on the underlined
word/phrase.
•4. Sun is one of
the natural
sources of
heat.

5. Directions: Identify the following
statements if it’s TRUE or FALSE
based on the underlined
word/phrase.
•5. Gas may be a
flammable material
considered to be as
heat in the fire
triangle.

6. What is
fire? What
causes a
fire?

7. FIRE
•is a state of
combustion in which
fuel or other
materials is ignited
and combined with
oxygen, giving off
light, heat, and flame.

8. FIRE
•fire is the only event that is
both beneficial to man and
his environment as well as
destructive and deadly.
Fire is beneficial when
controlled but is very
destructive and deadly if
not.

9. You are only going to see fires in two
places – indoors and outdoors
Outdoor fires are
forest fire or
wildfire
indoor fires are
building fires
and/or housefires.

10. Major causes of fire range
electrical neglects or accidents,
smoking,
kitchen accidents,
neglected heating equipment,
hazardous goods such as paints and adhesives, and
even man-made causes of fire such as Arson

11. What
causes a
fire?

12. Fires need three
(3) ingredients
for it to
continue to
burn

13. The FIRE TRIANGLE
•A Fire Triangle is a simplified version
of the fire tetrahedron.
•A Fire Triangle is a model used as a
visual that reminds us of the
important ingredients or elements
required to initiate and sustain fire
namely; Heat, Fuel, and Oxygen.
Combine these elements and you
can create fire.

14. The
Ingredients of
Fire
Heat -is an energy
that flows from an
object of high
temperature to an
object of low
temperature.

15. There are three (3) ways on how heat
can be transferred
Conduction Convection Radiation

16. Conduction
involves direct
contact of
objects, typically
solids, for heat
to be transferred

17. Convection
• involves the flow of liquids & gases
in the transfer of heat. When
heated, liquids’ and gases’
molecules expand. As a result, since
they have a lower density, it floats
• Upon cooling, they eventually fall
and become displaced
subsequently heated liquids and
gases.
• This cycle creates a current of hot
air called a Convection Current
which can heat combustible
materials in its surroundings easily

18. Radiation
•is a manner of heat
transfer in a vacuum
or without a need
for any medium. An
example of this is the
heat coming from
the Sun.

19. Fuel
•is any substance whether solid,
liquid, or gas which will burn is
termed as fuel.
•Solids such as ordinary solid
materials such as woods, dried
leaves, etc. Liquids such as
paints. And lastly, any
flammable gases such as
butane.

20. Oxygen or oxidizing
agents
•which acts as the main
element for the
combustion reaction to
occur. Air contains about
21% oxygen, and most fires
require at least 16% oxygen
content to start ignition

21. •The three (3) ingredients
must be combined in the
right proportion for a fire
to occur.
• If any of the three (3)
ingredients are removed,
such as if a fire runs out of
fuel, the fire will be
extinguished

22. ACTIVITY #1: THE FIRE TRIANGLE
Directions: Label the
diagram below
completing the fire
triangle. After labeling,
observe the materials in
your surroundings, the
materials inside and
outside your house.
List objects that can be
considered as FUEL,
SOURCE OF HEAT, and
an OXIDIZING AGENT
for a fire to happen. List
these objects in its
corresponding part of
the Fire Triangle

24. ACTIVITY #2:
FIRE
SCENARIO
•Last February 20, 2018, a
warehouse and about 40
houses were hit by a fire in
Jenny’s Ave. Barangay
Rosario, Pasig City. According
to the report, at least 4
victims were injured and
brought to the hospital for
treatment.

27. ACTIVITY #3: ESSAY
WRITING
• Directions: Using the picture
below, in a paragraph
consisting of 5 – 10 sentences,
identify and explain the
possible ingredients/elements
of fire. Think and discuss also
the possible ways on how we
can put out the different
ingredients of fire.

28. •When and how can we
say that the materials in
our house are
combustible or
flammable?
•How can we prevent our
house to be caught on
fire?

29. Sources of Fire
Hazards
•Fire and combustion have
been defined in various
ways.
•Combustion represents
a self-sustaining run of
reactions consisting of
physical and chemical
transformations.

30. Combustion
• is a chemical process in which
a substance reacts rapidly with
oxygen and gives off heat.
•The original substance is called
the fuel, and the source of oxygen
is called the oxidizer.
•The fuel can be a solid, liquid, or
gas, although for airplane
propulsion the fuel is usually a
liquid.

31. Ignition
•requires favorable
starting
conditions, which
are generally a
sufficient heating
up of the system
that covers the
initial energy
demand of the
chain reaction of
burning.

32. The Bureau
of Fire
Protection
Operational
Procedures
Manual has
listed down
the causes of
fire as
follows:
• Faulty electrical wiring or connection
• LPG-related
• Neglected cooking or stove
• Cigarette butt
• Unattended open flame: torch or sulo
• Unattended open flame: candle or gasera
• Matchstick or lighter

33. The Bureau
of Fire
Protection
Operational
Procedures
Manual has
listed down
the causes of
fire as
follows:
Direct flame contact or static electricity
• Neglected electrical appliances or device
• Electrical machinery
• Chemicals
• Incendiary device or ignited flammable liquid
• Spontaneous combustion
• Pyrotechnics

34. Stages
of Fire
standards classify four stages of a fire.
1. Ignition
2. Growth
3. Fully Developed
4. Decay

36. 1. Stage One –
Ignition (Incipient)
The incipient
stage is when
it’s crucial to
fight a fire
because it is
easiest to
suppress it at
this point,
Fire
suppression
systems allow
you to
suppress the
fire right after
ignition
without
needing a
person to be
present.

37. 2. Stage Two –
Growth
Once a fire reaches this stage, it becomes
harder to control. If a fire detector
recognizes a fire at this point, you have
little time to put it out before it reaches
flashover.
Flashover”This means there is a sudden
ignition of everything combustible in a
contained area. Temperatures can rise to
1,000 degrees Fahrenheit in just a few
seconds. Humans are not likely to survive
in a compartment that has a flashover.

38. 3. Stage Three
– Fully
Developed
•A fully developed fire
is the hardest to
suppress because, at
this point, the fire is at
maximum
temperatures and
causing the most heat
damage.

39. 4. Stage Four
– Decay
•The decay of a fire is the
phase when the fire
decreases in intensity
until it is either a
smolder or non-existent.
If there was no
suppression, this is likely
when there is nothing
left for the fire to burn.

40. Directions:
Tell the
stage/s of
fire that is
being
described
1. Smoke and heat are
produced.
2. Oxygen supply = 21%
3. Also known as incipient
4. Temperatures reach
between 640° to 870°

41. Directions:
Tell the
stage/s of
fire that is
being
described
5. Highly dangerous flashovers
may occur anytime.
6. Also known as free burning
phase
7. Hottest phase of a fire

42. Directions:
Tell the
stage/s of
fire that is
being
described
8. Fire is now dependent on
the amount of oxygen.
9. Fire starts to diminish as fuel
and/or oxygen is consumed
10. Backdraft could potentially
occur.

43. arrows), and
explain the
basis for
identifying
these as
possible
causes of
fire.