The document discusses various concepts related to fire hazards, including the elements of the fire triangle of fuel, heat, and oxygen. It identifies different potential causes of fires such as electrical faults, open flames, smoking, and fireworks. Prevention methods are also covered, such as maintaining electrical wiring and being careful with open flames and smoking materials.

1. Fire Hazards:
Concepts and
Causes

2. Objectives:
Discuss the elements of fire triangle
 Identify the different causes of fire
 Apply how fire can be prevented and
 Orient oneself about precautionary measures and
procedures in a fire incident

4. 1. How can a match create a fire?
Ans: The match head is made of potassium
chlorate. When it gets hot, it releases a lot of extra
oxygen and heat. These makes the match head
burn quickly and strongly.
2. Why do you think the fire was extinguished after a
while when a glass covered the lighted candle?
Ans: This happens because oxygen in the air inside
the glass is utilized in burning the candle. All oxygen
gets converted into carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide
does not support burning and hence candles stops
burning.

6. Oxygen supporting
a fire must be at
least 16% content
to burn.
Fuel is considered any material capable of burning and is characterized by
its moisture content, size, shape, quantity, and the arrangement in which it is
spread over the landscape . Combustible material such as; grass, wood,
shrubs, etc.
A heat source is responsible for
the initial ignition of fire, and heat
is also needed to maintain the fire
and permit it to spread. Heat
allows fire to spread by removing
the moisture from nearby fuel,
warming surrounding air and
preheating the fuel in its path.
Lightning, cigarettes, power lines,
small engine sparks, matches,
magnifying glass, etc.

8. Electrical
Faulty wiring is a misnomer. If there is actually faulty
wiring, there would have been no electrical power from
the very start when you switch on the circuit breaker or
the main service protective equipment. What actually
happens is that the wires or circuit becomes overloaded
due to increase in the load the circuit carries without
changing the size of the wires. The subsequent effect
will be weakening of the insulation of the wires due to
overheating in the circuit caused by the additional load.

9. Incendiarism (Arson)
It pertains to the malicious burning of
property, using certain chemicals, bombs,
etc, and causing fire start.

10. Open flames
Unattended burning candles or kerosene
lamps that are placed near flammable/
combustible material is a fire waiting to
happen. Unattended cooking causes most
fires in the homes that occur in the kitchen.
Oil or fat starting to smoke is near the
combustion point and can ignite violently.

11. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
LPG is liquid inside the container, but immediately
transforms to the gaseous state when released. It is
liquefied so it can be stored economically and
transported easily. A gallon of liquid LPG in a bottle
will expand about 270 times as much when
suspended in a vapor form. LPG is colorless,
tasteless & odorless, but odorizing agent called
“ethyl mercaptan” is introduced so that leaks can be
easily detected.

12. Fireworks
These are beautiful pyrotechnic displays resulting from
the occurrence of certain oxidation, reduction, and
reactions. The substances that produce fireworks are
hazardous materials. These must be stored, transported,
handled as oxidizers, and displayed by experienced, and
knowledgeable professionals. Implementation of
prohibitions in the manufacture, handling and use should
be strictly complied with everyone as fire safety
precaution.

13. Spontaneous Ignition
This occurs as a result of a chemical reaction
within the material. It is a reaction independent of
any outside source of heat. It begins with
spontaneous heating which some of the common
materials that may spontaneously heat and ignite
are animal oils, mixed fish oils, coal, sawdust, hay,
grain, and cotton.

14. Static electricity
It involves the movement of electrons between two
objects in contact with each other. Electrical charges
are produced on the objects when they are
separated. If the charge builds up, it will develop
enough energy to jump as a spark to a nearby
grounded or less highly charged object. This spark
can ignite flammable vapors, flammable gases or
finely dispersed combustible solid materials.

15. Smoking
Careless smoking especially in bed is a
leading cause of fire in the homes. In the
Philippines it is the fourth leading cause of
fire.

17. The fire killed 162 people in Quezon City 21
years ago and is considered the worst club
fire in the Philippines and seventh in the
world (https://www.rappler.com/move-
ph/issues/disasters/knowledge-
base/87521-1996-ozone-disco-club-fire)

18. Group 1: Make I list on how you can PREVENT fire
at home.
Group 2: Make a list on what to do in the event of
fire.
s
Group 3: Make a list on what to do if a person is
on fire.

20. 1. In the Fire Triangle, which of the following raise the
material for its ignition temperature?
a. Fuel
b. Oxygen
c. Chemical
d. Heat

21. 2. If you catch a fire, you need to do the “Dock, cover
and Hold right away
True
False

22. 3. When answering a phone call, you
must turn off the stove, or you leave
the room
True
False

23. 4. Pertains to the malicious burning of
property:
a. Fraud
b. Plunder
c. Arson
d. Slander

24. 5. It is worthless that everyone knows
what to do and act decisively when a
fire will happen
True
False

25. 6. Wood, kerosene, heat of the sun: What
will should be added to create a fire?
a. Oxygen
b. Wind
c. Water
d. Soil

26. 7. What does BFP stand for?
a. Bureau of Fire Protection
b. Bureau of Fire Program
c. Bureau of Fire Practice
d. Bureau of Fire Piracy

27. 8. They are uncontrolled fires in rural
areas or countryside
a. Grassfire
b. Wildfire
c. Urban Fire
d. Fire

28. 9. On March 1996, the Philippines
witnessed its worst urban fire disaster
located at:
a. Helium Disco Club
b. Carbon Disco Club
c. Fire Disco Club
d. Ozone Disco Club

29. 10. The following are causes of fire except:
a. Candles
b. Arson
c. Fireworks
d. Calculus