The document discusses several topics related to greenhouse gases and global warming: 1) It explains what the greenhouse effect and global warming are, how greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trap heat in the atmosphere and cause the planet to warm up over time. 2) It then covers the causes of global warming like greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial pollution, as well as consequences like climate change, rising sea levels, and endangered species. 3) Finally, it discusses solutions that can help mitigate global warming such as afforestation, transitioning to renewable energy, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions through conservation efforts.

2. What is Greenhouse Effect? What is Global Warming ?
Green House effect is a naturally Global warming is the result of
greenhouse gases trapping heat and
occurring phenomenon that is light from the sun in the earth's
responsible for heating of Earth’s atmosphere, which increases the
Surface and atmosphere temperature, heating up the earth.

3. Greenhouse
This looks like a small glass
house and is used for
growing plants especially in
winter season. In a
greenhouse the glass panel
lets the light in but does not
allow heat to escape.
Therefore the green house
warms up.

4. Causes : Greenhouse Gases
The primary greenhouse gases
include:
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrogen oxides, and
Fluorinated gases
Greenhouse gases reflect
radiation from the Earth and stop
it from being lost into space. This
causes the Earth's temperature to
be higher than its normal
temperature.

6. A Flow Chart
The sunlight passes through the atmosphere and the earth's surface
absorbs it.
The land heated by the sunlight emit back the heat as infrared rays
The Green House Gases absorb this heat.
Part of this heat is sent towards the ground, and it heats the earth’s
surface and the lower atmosphere again.

7. Why is Greenhouse Effect Dangerous?
Global Warming
Endangered Species
Climate Change

8. Global Warming
The changes in the
global temperature,
brought about by the
green house effect
which is induced by
enhanced greenhouse
gases into the air.This
can be termed as
global warming.

9. Causes Of Global Warming
Deforestation
Climate change is a severe outcome of
excessive cutting down of trees. It results
in an increase in the amount of carbon and
other greenhouse gases in the environment.
Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse gases are the gases which trap the
solar radiations and trigger a rise in
Temperature levels on the planet.

10. Landfill
Landfills also produce greenhouse gases, both by
methane gas escaping, and by burning the waste to
save space on landfills.
Pollution
Pollution is a serious threat to the environment and a
culprit for global warming. It is one of the causes of
the greenhouse effect, which traps in the suns heat
and doesn't let it escape.

11. Consequences Of Global Warming
Climate change
Changes in wildlife
adaptations and cycles
Increase in sea level
On Health

12. The Consequences of Global Warming On Weather Patterns
More Powerful and Dangerous Hurricanes
Warmer water in the oceans pumps more energy into
tropical storms, making them stronger and potentially
more destructive.
Drought and Wildfire
Warmer temperatures could increase the probability of
drought. Greater evaporation, particularly during summer
and fall, could exacerbate drought conditions and
increase the risk of wildfires.
Intense Rainstorms
Warmer temperatures increase the energy of the climatic
system and can lead to heavier rainfall in some areas.
Scientists project that climate change will increase the
frequency of heavy rainstorms, putting many
communities at risk for devastation from floods

13. The Consequences of Global Warming On Wildlife
Ecosystem Shifts and Species Die-Off
Increasing global temperatures are expected
to disrupt ecosystems, pushing to extinction
those species that cannot adapt.
The U. S. Geological Survey has predicted
that two-thirds of the world's polar bear sub-
populations will be extinct by mid-century
due to melting of the Arctic ice cap.
Approximately 20 to 30 percent of plant
and animal species assessed so far are likely
to be at increased risk of extinction if global
average temperature increases by more than
2.7 to 4.5 degrees Fahrenheit.

14. The Consequences of Global Warming On Glaciers and Sea Levels
Melting Glaciers, Early Ice Thaw
Rising global temperatures will speed the
melting of glaciers and ice caps and cause
early ice thaw on rivers and lakes.
According to NASA, the polar ice cap is now
melting at the alarming rate of nine percent
per decade. Arctic ice thickness has decreased
40 percent since the 1960s.

15. The Consequences of Global Warming On Health
Hotter weather enables deadly mosquitoes to
travel greater distances; carbon dioxide in the air
aggravates asthma and allergies.
Deadly Heat Waves
More frequent and severe heat waves will result in
a greater number of heat-related deaths.
Bad Air, Allergy and Asthma
Global warming could increase smog pollution in
some areas and intensify pollen allergies and
asthma.
Infectious Disease and Food and Waterborne
Illness Outbreaks
Warming temperatures, alternating periods of
drought and deluges, and ecosystem disruption
have contributed to more widespread outbreaks
of infections like malaria, dengue fever, tick-borne
encephalitis, and diarrheal illnesses.
Dangerous Weather Events
A warmer atmosphere can hold -- and dump --
more moisture, contributing to more intense
extreme weather events, which in turn put
people's lives at risk.

18. More Consequences
Species becoming endangered or extinct
Heavy draught
Spread of Disease
Rise in Tides
Change in Weather patterns

19. El Nino
El Nino, an abnormal warming of
surface ocean waters in the
eastern tropical Pacific. El Nino
happens when the surface
pressure is high in the eastern
tropical Pacific it is low in the
western tropical Pacific, and vice-
versa.
What Causes El Niño? The
warming of the Pacific occurs as a
result of the weakening of trade
winds that normally blow
westward from South America
toward Asia.
The major impacts of El Niño are
temperature anomalies, changes
in precipitation variability, floods
and droughts throughout the
world.
El Niño events happen irregularly
and are hard to predict.

20. Remedies For Global Warming
Afforestation
Planting more trees and reducing timber cuts
worldwide will help restore the imbalance.
Follow the 3 R’s
We must follow on environmental policy of
‘reduce, reuse, recycle’, i.e. promoting the reuse
of anything.
Use of fuel-efficient vehicles
Fuel-efficient vehicles should be promoted as
these vehicles have lower emissions of harmful
gases.
Eco- friendly technologies
Public awareness campaign
Reduce the emission of green house gases

21. Ozone
Ozone is a gas that is present in the ozone
layer in the stratosphere of the Earth. There, it
will absorb almost all ultraviolet light which is
harmful to many organisms.
The ”ozone hole”
The ”ozone hole” is an extraordinary low
ozone concentration caused by the ozone
layer depletion at the South Pole during the
arctic winter and spring period. The ”ozone
hole” on satellite pictures it looks like a big
hole. The ozone layer thickness in the
”ozone hole” region is 100 – 150 DU (the
standard ozone layer thickness is 300 DU).
[The Dobson unit (DU) is a unit of measurement of
atmospheric ozone columnar density, which is
dominated by ozone in the stratospheric ozone
layer.]

22. Ozone Destruction Caused by Man-made Compounds (e.g. CFCs)

24. Impacts Of Ozone Depletion
Impact on the Biosphere
A. Microscopic algae called phytoplankton form the
foundation of the undersea food chain. Less phytoplankton
means less food for these animals to eat. It is estimated that
a 16 % ozone depletion could result in further losses in
Phytoplankton, which would lead to a loss of about 7 million
tons of fish per year.
B. Damage to Crops
Impact on Humans
A. UV-B damages DNA and Mutation may occur. It causes
aging of skin, damage to skin cells and various types of skin
cancers
B. Cataracts
In human eye, cornea absorbs UV-B radiation. "Snow
blindness" is the result of overexposure to UVB and causes
the inflammation of cornea.
A cataract is a clouding that develops in the crystalline lens
of the eye or in its envelope
C. Immune System
Recent studies shows that some viruses can be activated by
increased exposure to UV. This affects our Immune system.

25. How can we reduce Ozone Depletion?
 Montrel Protocol
An International treaty that was signed at
Montrel (Canada) in 1987 to control the
emission of ozone depleting substances
Reduce the emission of CFC’s
.

26. Degradation By Improper Resource
Utilisation And Maintenance
Soil erosion
It is a naturally occurring process on all
land. The agents of soil erosion are water
and wind, each contributing a significant
amount of soil loss each year.
Soil erosion may be a slow process that
continues relatively unnoticed, or it may
occur at an alarming rate causing serious
loss of topsoil.
Desertification
Desertification is the persistent
degradation of dryland ecosystems by
variations in climate and human
activities. It can be due to overgrazing,
deforestation, agricultural activities, over
exploitation of fuel wood and
biochemical activities.

27. Water logging and Soil Salinity
Irrigation without proper drainage leads to water logging
in the soil.
Water logging draws salt to the surface of the soil.The salt
is then deposited as a thin crust on the land surface. This
increased salt content damages agriculture.
Both water logging and salinization could be reduced if the
efficiency of irrigation systems could be improved.

28. Deforestation
Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand
of trees where the land is thereafter converted to
a non forested use.
E.g. : conversion of forestland to farms, ranches,
or urban use.
It is done for timber, firewood, cattle ranching and
for several purposes.
Slash and Burn agriculture
It is also called Jhum cultivation.
 The farmers cut down the trees of the forest
and burn the plant remains.
The ash is used as fertilizer and is used for
agriculture and farming purposes.
After cultivation the area is left for several years
for recovery.
But when the land was not given enough time for
recovery, it lead to deforestation.

29. Consequences
 Enhanced CO2 concentration.
Loss of biodiversity
Causes soil erosion
Causes desertification
Disturbs hydrologic cycle
Reforestation
It is the process of restoring a forest that once
existed but was removed at some point of time in
the past.
It can occur naturally.
By Afforestation ( planting trees)

30. Case Study of People’s Participation in Conservation of Forests
Amrita Devi Bishnoi
She died by trying to protect a tree from the
king’s soldiers.
Amrita Devi Bishnoi Wildlife Protection Award
For those who dedicate their life for protecting
wildlife.
Chipko Movement (1974)
A local women protected trees from axe
contractors.
Joint Forest Management (JFM) – 1980s
Govt. of India introduced For working closely
with local communities for protecting and
managing forests. In return for the services the
communities get many benefit of various forest
products. ( fruits , gum, rubber, medicine etc.)

31. The End