The document discusses the greenhouse effect and global warming. It defines the greenhouse effect as a natural process where gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun, warming the planet. It notes that human activities are enhancing the greenhouse effect and causing global warming. The major greenhouse gases - water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone - are explained. The causes of an increased greenhouse effect from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are outlined. The document also discusses the importance and disadvantages of the greenhouse effect, as well as future consequences of global warming and potential solutions to address climate change.

1. Presented by
M.Shahab
Reg#15pwele4792
Haneefahmad
Reg#15pwele4796
Mushahid hussain
Reg#15pwele4793

2. Green house effect

3. contents
• What is greenhouse ?
• History of Green House effect
• Types of greenhouse
• Greenhouse effect
• Causes of green house
• Importance of greenhouse effect
• But???
• Disadvantages of greenhouse effect
• Future Consequences
• Roles of students
• Conclusion

4. What is green house?
A Greenhouse (also called a Glasshouse) is
a building in which
plants are grown. These structures range in
size from small sheds to very large buildings. A
miniature greenhouse is known as a cold frame.

6. Founder of Greenhouse Effect
The greenhouse effect was
discovered by Joseph Fourier in
1824.
First reliably experimented on by
John Tyndall in 1858.
First reported quantitatively by
Svante Arrhenius in 1896.

7. Types of green house
• There are two types of green house
Natural
Artificial

8. Natural greenhouse Artificial greenhouse
a)It is created naturally. It is created by humans.a)
b) b)The greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere trap the solar radiations
to warm the earth.
The transparent glass allows the
radiations to pass through and traps the
radiations by not letting them escape.
c)c)
It creates the heating effect in the
whole earth.
It creates the heating effect only in a
certain specified area.
d) d)
It occupies a large area. It occupies a relatively small area.

9. What is Greenhouse Effect?
Def: Green House effect is a naturally occurring
phenomenon that is responsible for heating of Earth’s
Surface and atmosphere
Greenhouse Effect, the capacity of certain gases in
the atmosphere to trap heat
emitted from Earth’s surface, thereby insulating
and warming the planet. The
greenhouse effect has warmed Earth for over 4
billion years. Now scientists are growing
increasingly concerned that human activities may
be modifying this natural process, with potentially
dangerous consequences.

10. The greenhouse effect is a process by which
thermal radiation from a planetary surface is
absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases,
and is re-radiated in all directions.
Since part of this re-radiation is back towards
the surface, energy is transferred to the
surface and the lower atmosphere.
As a result, the temperature there is higher
than it would be if direct heating by solar
radiation were the only warming mechanism.
Greenhouse Effect

11. A Flow Chart
Part of this heat is sent towards the ground, and it heats the earth’s
surface and the lower atmosphere again.
The Green House Gases absorb this heat.
The land heated by the sunlight emit back the heat as infrared rays
The sunlight passes through the atmosphere and the earth's surface
absorbs it.

12. incoming
radiation
Solar energy reaches the Earth’s surface

13. incoming
radiation
infrared radiation
Earth’s surface warms, emits radiation

14. incoming
radiation
infrared radiation
greenhouse
gases
Greenhouse gases absorb IR leaving the surface

15. incoming
radiation
infrared radiation
greenhouse
gases
Gases are energized, then emit radiation (IR)

16. incoming
radiation
infrared radiation
greenhouse
gases
Some of this IR reaches the planet surface, warming it further

17. Causes of Green House Effect:
Greenhouse gases
Deforestation
Burning of Fossils
Population Growth
Ozone Layer Depletion
Formation of clouds

18. Greenhouse gases

19. What does Green House Gases Do?
Greenhouse gas works
like a great space
blanket that keeps the
heat in. So the sun's
rays heat up the
earth, and the
greenhouse gases
stop the heat
reflecting back out to
space. So the earth
gradually gets warmer
Global Warming.

20. Greenhouse gases
By their percentage contribution to the
greenhouse effect on Earth the four major gases
are
• water vapor, 36–70%
• carbon dioxide, 9–26%
• methane, 4–9%
• ozone, 3–7%

21. Selected Greenhouse Gases
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
– Source: Fossil fuel burning, deforestation
 Anthropogenic increase: 30%
 Average atmospheric residence time: 500 years
 Methane (CH4)
– Source: Rice cultivation, cattle & sheep ranching, decay
from landfills, mining
 Anthropogenic increase: 145%
 Average atmospheric residence time: 7-10 years
 Nitrous oxide (N2O)
– Source: Industry and agriculture (fertilizers)
 Anthropogenic increase: 15%
 Average atmospheric residence time: 140-190 years

22. Water vapour
• The most abundant greenhouse gas in Earth’s
atmosphere is water vapor. Most of the
greenhouse heating of Earth’s atmosphere is
due to Water vapor absorption of IR radiation
emitted by Earth, and then transferring the
energy to the surrounding air molecule

23. Greenhouse Gases
The following pie chart displays the percent of each
gas
which plays a role in the greenhouse effect.

24. Ozone Layer Depletion: A cause of
increasing Greenhouse Effect
• Ozone depletion describes two distinct but
related phenomena observed since the late
1970s: a steady decline of about 4% per
decade in the total volume of ozone in Earth's
stratosphere (the ozone layer), and a much
larger springtime decrease in stratospheric
ozone over Earth's polar regions. The latter
phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole.

25. •Glasslets in light
•Glasskeeps heat from escaping
•Causes the car to heat up

26. Advantages
• Existence of life
• Maintaining Earth’s temperature
• Filter unwanted solar energy
• Help in growing offseason crops
• Solar powered water heater use the
greenhouse effect to heat water
• Maintains the water level & restricts ice
melting

28. What would happen if there were no greenhouse
gases at all in the atmosphere?
• If there were no greenhouse gases at all, the average temperature of the
earth would have been -18 °C to 18 °C less than today’s temperature.
Due to this, ice would cover the earth surface which would make survival
of living organisms impossible.

29. Disadvantages
 Global warming
 Sea level rise
 Economic impact
 Agricultural impact
 Effects on aquatic systems
 Effects on hydrological cycles
 Health
 Direct effects of temperature rise
 Spread of disease

30. Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming
• The “greenhouse effect” & global
warming are not the same thing.
– Global warming refers to a rise in the temperature of the
surface of the earth

• An increase in the concentration of
greenhouse gases leads to an
increase in the the magnitude of the
greenhouse effect. (Called enhanced
greenhouse effect)
– This results in global warming

31. Future Consequences

32. THEN..............
NOW..........

33. Solutions to increasing Greenhouse
effect
• Reduce the use of materials which produce greenhouse
gases.
• Avoid the burning of fossil fuel and household residue.
• Upgrade infrastructures.
• Afforestation.
• Using alternative sources of energy.
• Using eco-friendly materials.
• Incineration plant should be established.
• Pollution should be controlled……

34. • Decrease the demand for electricity and fuel as much as possible
through efficiency measures.
• Decrease the demand for distributed use of hydrocarbon fuels as much
as possible by focusing on electrification of transportation (including
light-duty vehicles, trains, buses, and some trucks), water and space
heating in buildings, and industrial process heating.
• Produce electricity with very low emissions through a combination of
nuclear power, fossil fuel generation with carbon capture and storage
(CCS), and renewable sources; and provide load-balancing services
without emissions as much as possible, using energy storage or smart-
grid solutions.
• Use low-carbon–intensity biofuels to meet as much of the remaining
hydrocarbon fuel demand (both liquid and gaseous) as possible.
Solutions to Greenhouse effect

35. Roles of students
in minimizing the effects of increasing
Greenhouse effect
• Forming local level student union to increase
student participation in environment conservation .
• Conducting Afforestation programs, especially in
urban areas to restore greenery.
• Including students from all over the world from
different ecological regions so that protection
campaigns can be made much more effective.

36. Conclusion
Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would not
be able to support life. But if the greenhouse effect
becomes too strong, the earth will be too hot to
support life. Even a little to much heat could hurt the
animals, plants, and everything else on the planet.
Without the gasses that surround the planet, heat
would escape back into space, causing the earths
average tempter to be about 60 degrees colder.

37. A real activist is not the one who says that the river is dirty but the one
who cleans the river.

38. Presented By:
M.Shahab
Haneef Ahmad
Mushahid hussain