The document provides information on fire extinguishers, including their types, classifications of fires, and how to use them. It discusses water, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, wet chemical, and combustible metal extinguishers. The fire tetrahedron and combustion process are also explained. Fires are classified as Class A, B, C, D or K based on the type of fuel. Proper use of an extinguisher requires following the PASS method of pulling the pin, aiming at the base of the fire, squeezing the handle, and sweeping side to side. Safety procedures like RACE and knowing department emergency plans are also outlined.

2. Course Objectives
Know and understand the uses of the various types of fire extinguishers.
Select the appropriate type of fire extinguisher for the job.
Effective use of a fire extinguisher.
Understand the combustion process, capabilities and limitations.

3. What Is A Fire Extinguisher?
A fire extinguisher is a fire protection device used to extinguish or
control small fires, usually used in emergency situations. It is not
intended to use on an out-of-control fire, such as one which has an
area much of like a classroom.
Define FIRE?
FIRE is the chemical reaction between Three Elements:
OXYGEN It’s common in the atmospheric air.
HEAT A source of ignition sufficient to initiate and
propagate the chemical reaction of combustion.
FUEL
Combustible substance in the form of vapor, liquid
or solid.

4. The Combustion Process
THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON
FUEL
TEMPERATURE

5. Fire Safety, at it’s most basic, is based upon the principle of keeping fuel
sources and ignition source separately.
What is known as Fire Tetrahedron ( also known as Fire Triangle before), Three things
must be present at the same time to produce fire:
Enough OXYGEN to sustain combustion,
Enough HEAT to reach ignition temperature,
Some FUEL or combustible material.
Together, they produce the CHEMICAL REACTION that is FIRE.
Take away any of these things and the fire will be extinguished.

6. Fuel Classifications
• Fires are classified according to the type of fuel that is
burning.
• If you use the wrong type of fire extinguisher on the wrong
class of fire, you might make matters worse.
• Its very important to understand the five different fire (fuel)
classifications.

7. Class A: Wood, paper, cloth trash, plastics-solids that are not
metal.
Class B: Flammable liquids - Gasoline, oil, grease, acetone,
including flammable gasses.
Class C: Electrical - Energized electrical equipment and as it
is not plugged in to any outlet.
Class D: Metals - Potassium, sodium, aluminum, magnesium.
Requires Metal-X, foam and other special extinguishing agents.
Class K (or F): Fire involving combustible vegetable or animal non-
saturated cooking fats in commercial cooking equipment.
Recently recognized by NFPA 10
Fuel Classifications

8. Fuel Classifications
Most fire extinguishers will have pictogram labels telling you
which type of fire the extinguisher is designed to
Put out or fight.
For example, a simple water extinguisher will have a label
like this:
Which means it should only be used on Class A fires.

9. Types Of Fire Extinguishers
Different types of fire extinguishers are
designed to fight different classes of fire.
The Three most common types of
extinguishers are:
Water (APW-Air Pressurized Water)
Carbon Dioxide or CO2
Dry Chemical (ABC, BC, DC)

10. Types Of Fire Extinguishers
Water (APW) Fire Extinguishers
Large silver (or green, red depending on the
country’s manufacturers color design) that stand
about 2 feet tall and weigh about 25 pounds
when full.
APW stands for “Air Pressurized Water.”
Filled with ordinary tap water and pressurized air,
they are essentially large squirt guns.
Has pressure gauge to allow visual capacity check.
2.5 gallon water at 150-175 psi (up to 1 minute
discharge time).

11. Types Of Fire Extinguishers
Water extinguisher extinguishes fire by taking away
the HEAT element of the fire triangle.
Can be use and stopped as necessary.
APW’s are designed for class A fires only: Wood, paper,
cloth.
Using water on a flammable liquid fire could cause the
fire to spread.
Using water on electrical fire increases the risk of
electrocution. If you have no choice but to use an APW
on electrical fire, make sure the electrical equipment is
unplugged or de-energized.

12. Types Of Fire Extinguishers
Hose Reel
A hose reel is a cylindrical spindle made of metal or fiber glass or plastic and is
used for storing a hose. The most common of hose reels are spring driven or
motor driven. It can even be fixed in a permanent location, or portable and
attached to a truck, trailer or cart.

13. How To Use A Fire Hose Reel

14. Types Of Fire Extinguishers
Carbon Dioxide (CO2
)
Designed for Class B or C fires only.
Extinguishes by smothering burning materials
Effectiveness decreases as temperature of burning
material increases.
2.5-100 Lbs. of CO2
at 150-200 psi is, 5-30 seconds
discharge time.
Has no pressure gauge, capacity is verified by weight.
3-8 feet maximum effective range.

15. Types Of Fire Extinguishers
CO2s will frequently be found at electrical
installations, mechanical rooms, kitchens, and
flammable liquid storage areas.
In accordance with NFPA regulations (and
manufacturers’ recommendations), all CO2 fire
extinguishers are subject for hydrostatic testing and
recharge every 5 years.
Carbon dioxide is a non-flammable gas that takes away
the oxygen element of the fire triangle. Without
oxygen, there is no fire.
CO2 is very cold as it comes out of the
extinguisher, so it cools the fuel as well.

16. Types Of Fire Extinguishers
Multi Purpose Dry Chemical
Designed for Class A, B or C fires.
2.5-20 Lbs. dry chemical (ammonium phosphate)
pressurized to 50-200 psi by nitrogen gas (8-25
seconds discharge time).
Has pressure gauge to allow visual capacity.
Extinguishes by smothering burning materials
5-20 feet maximum effective range.

17. Types Of Fire Extinguishers
Dry chemical extinguishers with powder designed for Class B and C
fires (“BC” extinguishers) may be located in places such as canteen
and areas with flammable liquids.
You will find ABC’s in building hallways, in laboratories, storage
containers, offices, chemical storage areas, mechanical rooms, vehicles,
etc.
Do not use for fires involving:
Fires involving cooking oil.
Fires involving electrical equipment over 1000v
Or in enclosed spaces, such as offices or residential properties.

18. Types Of Fire Extinguishers
Combustible Metal
Designed for Class D combustible metal fires only.
30 Lbs. pressurized dry powder optimized for
specific combustible metal.
6-8 feet maximum effective range.
To activate, must open nitrogen cylinder on back to
pressurized the body.
Extinguishes by smothering burning materials.

19. Types Of Fire Extinguishers
Metal fires are often one of the most hazardous because people are unaware on
how to combat them safely and effectively. It is extremely dangerous to use water
as metals such as sodium will react further with the water, acting as an accelerant.
How do you extinguish a Class D Fire?
The best and only recommended way to extinguish a Class D fire is to use Dry powder
fire extinguisher. This works by smothering the fire, and therefore the oxygen within it,
and also absorbing the heat contained within the fire, eventually leading to it’s
extinction. It will also stop the burning metal from spreading.

20. Types Of Fire Extinguishers
Wet Chemical
Class A, C and K Fires.
1.5 gallon on stored pressure PRX wet chemical
extinguishing agent (40 seconds discharge time).
10-12 feet maximum effective range.
Extinguishes by cooling and forming blanket to
prevent re- ignition.
Also known as Class F Fires.

21. Types Of Fire Extinguishers
Combustible Metal
Designed for Class D combustible metal fires only.
30 Lbs. pressurized dry powder optimized for
specific combustible metal.
6-8 feet maximum effective range.
To activate, must open nitrogen cylinder on back to
pressurized the body.
Extinguishes by smothering burning materials.

22. Types Of Fire Extinguishers
Wet chemical fire extinguisher uses:
Fires involving cooking oils and fats such as lard, olive oil, butter and vegetables oil (Class F
Fires).
Fires involving flammable solids such as paper, wood and textiles (Class A Fires).
Some wet chemical fire extinguishers are also cleared for use on class B fires-those
involving flammable liquids such as petrol, diesel and paint.
Do not use Wet Chemical Fire Extinguishers for:
Fires involving flammable liquids (Class B Fires) UNLESS they are specifically
cleared for this use.
Fires involving flammable gases such as methane and butane (Class C Fires).
Electrical fires.

23. How To Use A Fire Extinguisher
It’s easy to use a fire extinguisher. Just remember the acronym:
P Pull the pin.
A Aim low, at the base of flames.
S Squeeze the handle.
S Sweep side to side.
This will allow you to discharge the fire
extinguisher.
Hit the fuel. If you aim at the flames, the
extinguishing agent will fly right through
it and do no good.
This depresses the button that will release the
pressurized extinguishing agent.
… Until the fire is completely out.
Start using the fire extinguisher from a safe distance. Then slowly move forward. Once the fire is
out, keep an eye of the area in case it re-ignites.

24. Incase of an emergency
You must follow the R.A.C.E. fire response procedure:
R Rescue/Remove.
A Alert/Activate.
C Confine.
E Extinguish/Evacuate.

25. Work awareness
Know department emergency procedures and evacuation routes.
Know locations of fire extinguishers in your area and how to use them.
Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size.
Be aware of any smoky conditions or even the smell of your environment.
Ensure the area is evacuated in case of fire alarm.
Don’t attempt to fight unless: Alarm is sounded, fire is small and contained, you
have a safe egress, availability of the right fire extinguisher for the type of fire.
When in doubt, EVACUATE!

26. Rules for Fighting Fires
Always keep these in mind…
Know what is burning. If you don’t know what’s burning, you won’t
know what type of extinguisher to use.
Fires can be very dangerous and you should always be certain that you
will not endanger yourself or others when attempting to put out a fire.
Assist any person in immediate danger to safety, if it can be
accomplished without risk to yourself.
If the fire is small, after you do what is mentioned above, you may
attempt to use an extinguisher to put it out.
If the fire is already spreading quickly, it is best to simply evacuate the
building.
As you evacuate the building, close the doors and windows behind you
as you leave. This will help to slow the spread the smoke and fire.

27. Rules for Fighting Fires
Always keep these in mind…
The final rule is to always position yourself with an exit or means of
escape at your back before you attempt to use an extinguisher to put
out a fire.
Incase the fire extinguisher malfunctions, or something unexpected happens,
you need to be able to get out quickly. You don’t want to become trapped.

28. Text
With pressure
gauge: subject for
refill when yellow
marker drops out
of green mark.
Parts of a Fire Extinguisher
Safety Pin, Handle, Pressure Gauge,
Cylinder, Nozzle, Siphon Tube,
Extinguishing Agent.
Call your HOTLINE or
EMERGENCY Number

29. Summary

32. Questions?
Thank you and have a nice day! :)

33. Reece Cervantes Mas