1. The document discusses fire extinguishers, including what they are, how they work, different types, and proper usage. It defines different classes of fire and provides details on water, foam, CO2, dry powder, wet chemical, and class D extinguishers.
2. Instructions are provided on operating a fire extinguisher using the PASS method of Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep. Maintenance and testing requirements are also outlined.
3. Proper fire safety procedures include knowing evacuation routes, extinguisher locations, only fighting small contained fires if trained, and always sounding the alarm.
V 1 presentation on safety aspects of lpg handling and storageImran Bokhari
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a mixture of Propane and Butanes, with Propane content of 30 to 60 percent and Butanes content of 40 to 70 percent. LPG can exist in liquid state at moderate pressure at ambient temperature. It is colorless, odorless, highly volatile and heavier than air (even at ambient conditions) substance. It easily forms combustible/explosive mixture when released in air, thus posing unique safety issues. Besides being a combustible substance posing fire hazard, LPG due to its nature also poses threats of cold burns and suffocation. LPG is being extensively used as fuel in homes, restaurants, transportation and some industries. In this presentation we have discussed in detail a major HSE related incident that have occurred in the past and mitigation strategies for the same. The required safety devices and their engineering design features in LPG extraction plant to avoid accidents are also discussed.
V 1 presentation on safety aspects of lpg handling and storageImran Bokhari
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a mixture of Propane and Butanes, with Propane content of 30 to 60 percent and Butanes content of 40 to 70 percent. LPG can exist in liquid state at moderate pressure at ambient temperature. It is colorless, odorless, highly volatile and heavier than air (even at ambient conditions) substance. It easily forms combustible/explosive mixture when released in air, thus posing unique safety issues. Besides being a combustible substance posing fire hazard, LPG due to its nature also poses threats of cold burns and suffocation. LPG is being extensively used as fuel in homes, restaurants, transportation and some industries. In this presentation we have discussed in detail a major HSE related incident that have occurred in the past and mitigation strategies for the same. The required safety devices and their engineering design features in LPG extraction plant to avoid accidents are also discussed.
Fire Extinguisher is a must have tools for every building and everyone should be know, how to manage Fire Extinguisher. So, it's need to take Fire Extinguisher Training as early as possible. For more info visit, http://www.fireextinguishertraininghq.com/
Fire fighting, types of fires, types of fire extinguishers, building management systems, sprinkler systems, heat and smoke sensors.
http://www.greenarchworld.com/
Fire Extinguisher is a must have tools for every building and everyone should be know, how to manage Fire Extinguisher. So, it's need to take Fire Extinguisher Training as early as possible. For more info visit, http://www.fireextinguishertraininghq.com/
Fire fighting, types of fires, types of fire extinguishers, building management systems, sprinkler systems, heat and smoke sensors.
http://www.greenarchworld.com/
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher in an Emergency Situation?A
Within 20 to 30 seconds, a fire could be out of control in front of you. Fire can spread, doubling up its size in seconds and not give you much time to escape. The quick fire-filled area contains heat and thick toxic smoke. In an instantaneous situation, you have to confront a fire with the right fire extinguisher for the specific type of fire. Learn how to use fire extinguishers and identify the fire class for appropriate fire extinguishers.
Choosing the right fire extinguisher may help you to stop the fire successfully. To defend the fire, the only option you have is that fire extinguisher to restrict fire spreading. A fire extinguisher is a device used for fire safety to extinguish small fires or flame in an emergency situation. A fire extinguisher is not intended for use in a large scale fire. Normally, a fire extinguisher is a hand-held pressurised cylinder having an agent such as nitrogen.
meaning of fire hazards, types of fire,fire triangle,classification of fire,precaution devices,fire extinguisher,types of fire extinguisher, reason of fire hazards,precaution taken in case of fire hazards......important points related to fire hazards..this is very helpful presentation.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. CONTENT
Fire
1. Definition of fire
2. Characteristics of Fire
3. Causes of Fire
4. Classification of Fire
Fire Extinguisher
1. What is Fire Extinguisher
2. How fire Extinguisher works
3. Types of Fire Extinguisher
4. Identification Chart for Fire Extinguisher
5. How to Operate Fire Extinguisher
6. Maintenance, Testing and Inspection
3. What is fire?
Fire is the visible effect of the process of combustion –
a special type of chemical reaction. It occurs between
oxygen in the air and some sort of fuel.
4. Chemical Reaction: A chain reaction can occur when the three Elements of fire are
present in the proper conditions and proportions. Fire occurs when this rapid oxidation,
or burning takes Place.
5. Oxygen O2
Oxygen is the most common oxidizing agent. Oxygen supports combustion but
does not burn. Normal air contains 21% oxygen; and the higher the concentration
of oxygen in the air, the more intensely a fire will burn. However, a fire can burn
without the presence of oxygen if another oxidizing agent is present, E.g.
Nitrates, peroxide, iodine, chlorine, etc.
6. Heat
Chemical
Energy
Heat is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel to a point
where sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to occur.
Common Sources of Heat
Electrical
Energy
Nuclear
Energy
Mechanical
Energy
7. Fuel
The Material or Substances being oxidized or Burned in the combustion Process.
Solid Fuels Liquid Fuels Gaseous Fuels
When heated to a certain
temperature will produce
combustible vapor. The
actual Position also affect
the way it Burns.
Flammable gases are
generated by Vaporization.
The Most dangerous of all
fuel types because they are
already in the natural State
required for ignition.
8. Causes of Fire
Housekeeping: Poor house keeping is a poor fire hazard.
Cotton, cloths, papers, etc are the sources of ignition. They
should be kept away from combusting material like petrol, oil
etc.
Smoking: Careless smoking in non smoking areas should be
stopped. Smoking shall be permitted in smoking zone only.
Welding / gas cutting: While doing gas welding or oxy-
acetylene cutting produces flying sparks which falls on
inflammable material and fire takes place.
9. Ignorance about fire hazards: Lack of knowledge about
the safe methods of storage of inflammable liquids,
materials. Correct use of electrical equipments etc.
Negligent habit: Our negligent or careless habits are
responsible for fire out break. A lighted match stick,
cigarette end carelessly thrown on any combusting material.
Kitchen : Most sensible area to get fire in hotel. Kitchen
staff should take extra care while preparing food. In kitchen
because of carelessness oil fire and gas fire can take place.
Electrical Panel Room: No material to be stored in
Electrical panel room. Small short circuit will be converted
into big fire. All storage must be at least 3 ft from electrical
panel. In sum emergency situations it will be necessary to
access these panels quickly.
10. CLASS A FIRES
Wood Cloth Paper
Rubber Plastic
Fire that involves ordinary Combustible Materials
such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and many Plastics
11. CLASS B FIRES
Gasoline Oil
Motor Spirit Paints
Fire that involves flammable and combustible liquids and gases
12. CLASS C FIRES
Fire that involves energized electrical equipment Large Computer
Server.
13. CLASS D FIRES
Fire that involves combustible metals such as lithium, magnesium,
sodium or aluminum
14. CLASS K FIRES
Class K is for in unstructured cooking oils in well insulated cooking
Appliances in commercial Kitchen.
15. A fire extinguisher is to extinguish a starting fire, i.e. for initial firefighting. It
contains a certain kind of extinguishing agent and includes a mechanism
which puts the extinguisher into operation. We distinguish these kinds of fire
extinguishers: handheld (portable), cart-mounted (also called wheeled),
and trailers.
What are Fire Extinguishers for?
Handle6
5
4
3
2
1
7
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Handle
High Pressure Gas Canister
Dry Chemical, Co2 or Water
Nozzle
Pressure Gauge
Safety Pin
16. At the top of the cylinder, there is a smaller cylindrical container filled with
compressed gas. A release valve acts as a locking mechanism and prevents this
gas from escaping. When you pull the safety pin and squeeze the lever, the
lever pushes on an actuating rod that presses the valve down to open a
passage to the nozzle. The compressed gas is released, applying a downward
pressure on the fire-extinguishing material, and pushing it out the nozzle under
tremendous force.
Although the temptation is to aim the extinguishing material at the flames,
the proper way is to aim it directly at the fuel.
HOW FIRE EXTINGUISHER WORKS ?
Please Double Click on Black Screen to VIEW the Video
18. Geometric Symbol
Picture
Type
Symbol
Color Code
Water Yes No
Foam Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes
ABC
Powder
A B C D KB
CO2
M28
Powder
Wet
Chemical Yes
YesYes
Yes
Yes
No NoNo No
NoNoNo
No No
No No
No
NoNo
No
No
No
No
No
NoNo
No
19. Water Fire Extinguisher
A Class A Fires: Ordinary combustible materials such
as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and many plastics.
Best For
Fires involving organic solid materials such as wood, cloth, paper, plastics,
Coal etc.
Danger
Do not use on burning fat or oil or on electrical appliances
How to Use
Point the jet at the base of the flames and keep it moving across the area
of the fire. Ensure that all areas of the fire are out.
How it Works
Water has a great effect on cooling the fuel surfaces and thereby
reducing the pyrolysis rate of the fuel
Picture Symbol
Color Code
20. Foam Type Fire Extinguisher
Class B Fires: Flammable Liquids, combustible liquids,
petroleum greases, tars, oils, paints, solvents, lacquers,
alcohols and flammable gases.
B
Best For
Fires involving solids and burning liquids, such as paint and petrol but not
suitable for chip or fat pan fires. Safe on fires caused by electricity if tested to
35kV (dielectric test) and a 1m safety distance is adhered to.
Danger
Do not use on chip or fat pan fires.
How to Use
For fires involving solids, point the jet at the base of the flames and keep it
moving across the area of the fire. Ensure that all areas of the fire are out. For
fires involving liquids, do not aim the jet straight into the liquid. Where the
liquid on fire is in a container, point the jet at the inside edge of the container
or on a nearby surface above the burning liquid. Allow the foam to build up
and flow across the liquid.
How it Works
They are mainly water based, with a foaming agent so that the foam can float
on top of the burning liquid and break the interaction between the flames
and the fuel surface.
Color Code
Picture Symbol
21. CO2 Fire Extinguisher
C Class C Fires: Involve electrical equipment and Computer
Server.
Best For
Live electrical equipment, although it allows re-ignition of hot plastics. Now
mainly used on large computer servers, although care has to be taken not to
asphyxiate people when using the extinguisher in small server rooms.
Danger
Do not use on chip or fat pan fires, as it carries burning fat out of container. This
type of extinguisher does not cool the fire very well and you need to ensure that
the fire does not start up again. Fumes from CO2 extinguishers can asphyxiate if
used in confined spaces: ventilate the area as soon as the fire has been controlled.
Only use CO2 extinguishers with frost-free horns, as the hand holding the horn
can otherwise be frozen to the horn, as the gas is getting very cold during the
discharge.
How to Use
The discharge horn should be directed at the base of the flames and the jet kept
moving across the area of the fire.
How it Works
Carbon dioxide extinguisher works by suffocating the fire. Carbon dioxide
displaces oxygen in the air. However, once discharged, the CO2 will dissipate
quickly and allow access for oxygen again, which can re-ignite the fire.
Picture Symbol
Color Code
22. ABC
Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher
Class A Fires: Ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper,
rubber and many plastics.
Class B Fires: Flammable Liquids, combustible liquids, petroleum greases,
tars, oils, paints, solvents, lacquers, alcohols and flammable gases.
Class C Fires: Being harmless to electrical equipment these extinguishers are
ideal for offices ,workshops or any premises that uses electrical equipment.
Color Code
Picture Symbol
Picture Symbol
They use mono ammonium phosphate which is a dry
chemical that is able to quickly put out the fire. It is a
pale yellow powder that is able to put out all three
classes of fire; Class A for trash, wood and paper, Class
B for liquids and gases, and Class C for energized
electrical sources.
23. Class D Fire Extinguisher
D Class D Fires: Involve combustible metals, such as magnesium,
titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium and potassium.
Best For These specialist powder extinguishers are designed to tackle fires
involving combustible metals such as lithium, magnesium, sodium or aluminum
when in the form of sward or powder.
There are three special powders based on graphite, copper and sodium chloride.
Danger Do not allow water to come in contact with the burning metal and the
powder must be gently applied. Sodium Chloride is not recommended for
Lithium.
How to Use The lance enables the user to tackle fire at a safe distance and the
low velocity applicator to reduce the energy of the jet allowing the powder to
gently smother the surface of the burning material thus avoiding scattering of
high temperature particles and stimulating the formation of a crust. The method
of application is completely different from a standard extinguisher and user
training is required. They are not suitable for use on live electrical fires.
How it Works This extinguisher works by forming a crust which insulates the
metal to prevent access to other combustible material nearby and smothering
the fire to prevent oxygen from the atmosphere reacting with the metal
Color Code
Picture Symbol
24. Wet Chemical Fire Extinguisher
K
Class K Fires: Involve cooking appliances that involve
combustible cooking media (vegetable or animal oils/fats)
Best For
Wet chemical fire extinguishers are ideal for Class F fires, involving cooking oils and fats,
such as lard, olive oil, sunflower oil, maize oil and butter.
Danger
Check manufacturer’s instructions for suitability of use. These extinguishers are usually not
recommended for class B fires such as petrol, although Gloria has produced a 3l wet
chemical extinguisher with B rating.
How to Use
Apply the wet chemical using the extended applicator in slow circular movements, which
give a gentle, yet highly effective application. Apply the fine spray onto the burning fat until
the surface of the burning cooking oil changes into a soapy like substance which prevents
re-ignition. The gentle application helps to prevent burning oil splashing out of the
container. Make sure that you empty the entire content of the wet chemical extinguisher
onto the oil/fat, as the fire can re-ignite otherwise.
How it Works
Most class F extinguishers contain a solution of potassium acetate, sometimes with some
potassium citrate or potassium bicarbonate. The extinguishers spray the agent out as a fine
mist. The mist acts to cool the flame front, while the potassium salts saponify the surface
of the burning cooking oil, producing a layer of foam over the surface. This solution thus
provides a similar blanketing effect to a foam extinguisher, but with a greater cooling
effect. The saponification only works on animal fats and vegetable oils, so most class F
extinguishers cannot be used for class B fires. The misting also helps to prevent splashing
the blazing oil.
Color Code
Picture Symbol
25. • Pull the pin
• Aim at the base of the fire
• Squeeze the trigger
• Sweep back and forth
• FIGHT THE FIRE IF...AND ONLY IF ALL OF THE
FOLLOWING ARE TRUE:
• Everyone has left or is leaving the building. The fire department or Public Safety is being called.
The fire is small and confined to the immediate area where it was started (wastebasket, cushion,
small appliance, etc.). You have a way out and can fight the fire with your back to your exit. Your
extinguisher is rated for the class of fire at hand. You have had training in use of the fire
extinguisher and are confident that you can operate it effectively. Stay low, Avoid breathing the
heated smoke and fumes as well as the extinguishing agent. If you have the slightest doubt about
whether or not to fight the fire - Don’t fight it - instead, get out closing the door behind you.
26. HOW TO OPERATE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER ?
Please Double Click on Black Screen to VIEW the Video
27. Remember The Phrase
P A S S
1. “P”ULL... Pull the pin. This will also break
the tamper seal.
2. “A”IM... Aim low, pointing the
extinguisher nozzle (or its horn or hose)
at the base of the fire.
Note: Do not touch the plastic discharge
horn on CO2 extinguishers, it gets very
cold and may damage skin.
3. “S”QUEEZE... Squeeze the handle to
release the extinguishing agent.
4. “S”WEEP... Sweep from side to side at the
base of the fire until it appears to be out.
Watch the area. If the fire re-ignites,
repeat steps 2 – 4.
If you have the slightest doubt about your
ability to fight a fire....EVACUATE
IMMEDIATELY!
How to Use A Fire Extinguisher
28. Don’t Forget!
Pull the pin
Aim the nozzle
Squeeze the trigger
Sweep the hose or nozzle
back and forth
29. FE need to be placed at visible and easily reachable places
In not clearly arranged or blind areas a particular fire symbol for marking placement of FE is to
be used and placed at a visible place.
FE are placed in areas with high probability of fires
portable FE are placed on the wall, so that the handle of EF was up to 1,5m above the ground
FE on the floor must be prevented from falling
FE in vehicles are placed not to endanger personal safety
Appropriate use of FE has a graphic representation and short description on each FE. Read the
instructions first before use.
Remember! Apply fire extinguishing always in the direction of wind and extinguish the quenching
surface from its edge.
A fire extinguisher can be used repeatedly, therefore after each (even very short) use refill the FE. In
case of another fire you will avoid complications connected with the lack of extinguishing agent.
The control of FE is to be done after each use or when mechanically damaged, otherwise usually
once a year by a specialized company.
The best way of placing and using fire extinguishers (FE)
30. 1. SOUND THE FIRE ALARM and call the fire department, if appropriate.
2. IDENTIFY A SAFE EVACUATION PATH before approaching the fire.
– Do not allow the fire, heat, or smoke to come between you and your evacuation path.
3. SELECT the appropriate type of fire extinguisher.
4. DISCHARGE the extinguisher within its effective range using the P.A.S.S. technique
(pull, aim, squeeze, sweep).
5. BACK AWAY from an extinguished fire in case it flames up again.
6. EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY if the extinguisher is empty and the fire is not out.
7. EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY if the fire progresses beyond the incipient stage.
General Procedures for Responding To a Fire
31. Remove persons in immediate danger!
Ensure doors are closed! (confine fire/smoke)
Activate the building alarm !
Call the Fire Department !
Treat ALL fires as DANGEROUS!
– Continue a complete building evacuation
– Do not attempt to fight a fire UNLESS you are NFPA
certified in use of a fire extinguisher !
REACT
upon discovery of fire or smoke
32. • Know department emergency procedures and evacuation routes
• Know locations of extinguishers in your area and how to use them
• Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size
• Avoid smoky conditions
• Ensure area is evacuated
• Don’t attempt to fight unless:
–Alarm is sounded
–Fire is small and contained
–You have safe egress route (can be reached without
exposure to fire)
–Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of
fire
• If in doubt, evacuate!
“DON’T ATTEMPT TO FIGHT UNLESS YOU ARE TRAINED”
33. Call the KSFES Department (Dial 101)
Make sure the building is being evacuated
Determine whether the fire is small and is not spreading
Confirm you have a safe path to an exit not threatened by the fire.
Know how to use a fire extinguisher
SHOULD YOU FIGHT THE FIRE?
BEFORE you consider fighting a fire . . . .
34. Before deciding to fight the fire, keep these things in mind:
1. Know what is burning! If you don’t know what’s burning, you won’t know what kind
of fire extinguisher to use
2. Even if you have an ABC fire extinguisher, there may be something in the fire that is
going to explode or produce toxic fumes.
Chances are you will know what’s burning, or at least have a pretty good idea, but if you
don’t, let the fire department handle it.
3. Is the fire spreading rapidly beyond the point where it started? The time to use a fire
extinguisher is at the beginning stages of the fire
4. If the fire is already spreading quickly, it is best to simply evacuate the building.
As you evacuate the building, close the door (if there is one) behind you as you leave.
This will help to slow down the spread of smoke and fire.
35. NEVER fight a fire if even one of the following
is true:
The fire is spreading beyond the immediate area in which it started
or is already a large fire
The fire could block your escape route.
You are unsure of the proper operation of the extinguisher.
You doubt that the extinguisher you are holding is designed for the
type of fire at hand or is large enough to fight the fire
36. Extinguisher
Type
Inspection* Maintenance
**
Recharging
***
Hydrostatic
Testing*
Water
(Stored Pressure)
30 Days 1 Year 1 Year 5 Years
AFFF(Liquid
Charge Type)
30 Days 1 Year 3 Years 5 Years
Dry Chemical
Powder
30 Days 1 Year Empty and internally
inspect @ 6 Years
12 Years
Carbon Dioxide 30 Days Maintenance and
Ensure conductivity
exists@ 1 Year
5 Years 5 Years
Special Dry Powder 30 Days 1 Year Empty and internally
inspect @ 6 Years
12 Years
Wet Chemical 30 Days 1 Year 5 Years 5 Years