This document summarizes fingerprint analysis and its use in forensic science. It defines fingerprints and discusses how they are deposited on surfaces. Fingerprints are unique to each individual and can be used to identify people through classification systems. The document outlines several fingerprint classification types including loops, whorls, arches and composites. It also discusses the principles of fingerprint identification and analysis techniques such as poroscopy, ridgeology and edgeoscopy. Fingerprint evidence can be used for various medico-legal purposes such as identifying criminals, victims of accidents or suicides, and preventing impersonation.

1. POJECT ON
DACTYLOGRAPHY
BY:
NAME:RUCHIT PATEL
ROLL NO:87
AYUSHMAHESHWARI BATCH-2014
Under The Guidance By:
DR.AMIT PARMAR
PROFESOR AND HEAD OF
FORENSIC MEDICINE DEPT.
GMC BHAVNAGAR.

3.  Deffination:A fingerprint in
its narrow sense is an impression
left by the friction ridges of a
human finger. The recovery of
fingerprints from a crime scene is
an important method of forensic
science.
 Fingerprints are easily
deposited on suitable surfaces (such as glass or metal
or polished stone) by the natural secretions of sweat
from the exoccrine glands that are present in
epidermal ridges. These are sometimes referred to as
"Chanced Impressions".
PRINCIPLE:fingerprints are impretion of pattern
formed by papillary and epidermal ridges of
fingertips.
 Also known as GALTON HENRY METHO
Because sir fransis galton systemise this method
in 1892
A fingerprint Beuro Is First established in Kolkata
in India

4. Human fingerprints are detailed, nearly unique,
difficult to alter, and durable over the life of an
individual, making them suitable as long-term
markers of human identity.
CLASSIFICATION:
In the Henry system of classification, there are
three basic fingerprint patterns: loop, whorl, and
arch
1.LOOP:

5. o Radial
o Ulnar
2.Whorl
WHORL
o Concentric
o Spiral
o Doublespiral
o Almond shape
3.Arches

6. i
PLAIN TENTED PRINT
o PLAIN
o TENTED
o EXCEPTIONAL
4.Composite
o CENTRAL POCKET LOOP
o LATERAL POCKET LOOP
o TWINNED LOOP
o ACCIDENTAL
Identification :Fingerprint identification, known
as dactyloscopy,
Pattern is different even in identical twins
Pattern is not inheritate
OR hand print identification,is the process of
comparing two instances of friction ridge skin
impressions , from human fingers or toes, or even the

7. palm of the hand or sole of the foot, to determine
whether these impressions could have come from the
same individual.
 The flexibility of friction ridge skin means that no
two finger or palm prints are ever exactly alike in
every detail; even two impressions recorded
immediately after each other from the same hand may
be slightly different.
 Fingerprint identification, also referred to as
individualization,involves an expert, or an expert
computersystem operating under threshold
scoring rules, determining whether two friction ridge
impressions are likely to have originated from the
same finger or palm (or toe or sole).
POROSCOPY:
 Examination of impressions left by
the sweat pores of fingers to check or
support fingerprint evidence
Ridgeology:

8. Is an evaluativemethod of frictionridge
identification based on scientificprinciplesand
procedures, principlesand proceduresthat have
been established and verified through years of
research.
Edgeoscopy:
o Edgeoscopy is a method of identification
through the examinationof the unique
details and characteristics found along the
edges of individualfingerprint ridges. These
characteristics are the result of the alignment
and shape of the individual ridge units and the
relationship between them, as well as the

9. effects of pores that are close to the edge of the
ridges
o The method was pioneered by Salil
Chatterjee in 1962, who created it while
researching the possibility of a
new criminal identification method.
Quetelet rule:Every naturemade object present
infinite variation in form and no pattern are ever
alike
 Type:
Latent :
Although the word latent means hidden
or invisible,in modern usage
for forensic sciencethe term latent prints
means any chance or accidental
impressionleft by friction ridge skin on
a surface, regardless of whetherit is
visible or invisible at the time of

10. deposition. Electronic, chemical and
physical processing techniquespermit
visualization of invisible latent print
residues whether they are from natural
sweat on the skin or from a contaminant
such as motor oil, blood, ink, paint or
some other form of dirt.
 Patent:visible prints formed by
finger stained with blood , ink or
other medium
 Plastic print:
Impression over soft surface like
soap,chees ,mud,pitch etc…
oMEDICO LEGAL IMPORTANCE
RECOGNITION OF IMPRESSION
LEFT AT SCENE OF CRIME
e.gcloth,we
apon,furni
ture,doors
etc…
Identificati
on of
suicide

11. ,deserters and those being dead or
unconciousnes after accident
Identification of decomposedbody
Identification of accidental exchange of
new born infant
Prevention of impersonalisation
To maintainidentity record
In criminals impressionof all finger will be
taken
But in civil cases Left thumb impressiononly is
taken
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