Human operates their gadgets when alive but after death same gadgets become hurdles for their family. This presentation is survey of such dituation.

1. A Survey on Person’s
Fingerprints Change After Death

2. Before Death

3. Fingerprint identification is the method of
identification based on the different patterns of
human fingers, which is actually unique among each
person. It is the most popular way of acquiring
details of any person and is the most easy and
convenient way of identifying a person. An
advantage of fingerprint identification method is
that the fingerprints pattern remains same for a
person through out his/her life, making it an
infallible method of human identification.

4. The skin surface of any human finger consists of a
pattern of dark lines of ridges along with white lines
or valleys between them. The ridges’ structures
changes at points known as minutiae and can be
either bifurcated or of short length or two ridges can
end on a single point. These details or patterns are
unique in every human being. The flow of this ridges,
their features, the intricate details of ridges and their
sequence is what defines the information for
fingerprint identification.

6. Ridges enter and exit on same sides

7. Ridges enter on one side and exit on different side

8. It consists of circles or mixture of pattern types.

9. Two ways of obtaining latent prints or finger prints
•Using chemical methods
•Using Automatic Identification method

10. Acquiring Images
Storing the images
Image Segmentation:
Image Normalization
Image Orientation
Constructing the frequency image:
Image Filtering:
Image Binarisation:
Image thinning:
Analyzing the Images

11. A Study published in the July 14, 2015 edition of
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
found fingerprint identification becomes less reliable
as the time interval between two sets of prints being
taken increases, which suggests that the ridges on a
person's fingertips may actually change slightly over
the course of a person's life.

12. The patterns are permanent, but can wear down.
Builders who lay bricks and people who frequently
wash dishes by hand lose some of the detail. Once
they stop these activities, the ridges will grow
back.

13. Advantages of Fingerprint Identification:
It is highly accurate
It is unique and can never be same for two persons.
It is the most economical technique.
It is easy to use
Use of small storage space
Applications of Fingerprint Identification:
To identify criminals in crime scenes. It was one of major reasons
for development of this technology by FBI in USA.
To identify members of an organization. It helps improves
security such that only authenticated persons can enter the
secured area and not any other members.
In Grocery stores to automatically recognize and bill a registered
user’s credit card or debit card.

14. After Death

16. There are many differences between living and
dead hands. (For instance, it's creepy to hold
living hands some of the time and dead hands all
of the time.) Most of those differences are difficult
for a machine to quickly and reliably quantify. The
most reliable difference, though, is the fact that
living skin pales when it is pressed against a
surface. The capillaries that rush blood around
the surface of the body aren't able keep
themselves open under pressure, and blood
leaves that part of the skin. Although different
fingertips may be different shades, the color
change is constant.

17. Death certificate
Removal from subsidy benefits
 Deactivation from AADHAR, Bank, Gas like services
Electronic gadgets unlocking
 Crime resolve help
 Insurance claim
Fraudulent
 Many more identification based services etc.

18. Misuse
Security threat
 Amputation crime
Unethical Sonetimes
 Privacy threat
 Fraudulent
Post Death Operation
 Many more identification based issues etc.

19. Scanning
Not easy to take fingerprint of such person
Different religion and belief
Technology
Body electricity conductance
Body Temperature due to blood circulation
Decomposition
Ridge valley identification
Deformation
Stiffness and rigidity in skin
Time of death etc.

20. If you're a fan of the Amazon Prime series Bosch,
you probably remember that grisly scene in
season 4 in which Los Angeles Police
Department detective Harry Bosch goes to the
morgue and presses a corpse's thumb to the
screen of a mobile phone, in an effort to unlock
it and see if there are any clues in the murder
victim's data.

21. In the show, at least, the trick works like a charm. In
real life, as detectives in Florida discovered in a
recent case described in a Tampa Bay Times articles
not necessarily so easy to pull off. Once tissue is
dead, it loses all its electrical charge and will fail
to activate a phone's fingerprint sensor, making it
impossible to unlock.’

22. Even so, identifying a living person from fingerprints —
or a freshly dead one, whose body is well preserved —
still seems to work pretty dependably. In the case of a
dead person, it may mean forcibly straightening fingers
stiffened from rigor mortis, and using a special curved
tool that allows a print to be taken without rolling the
fingertips, according to website of the National Criminal
Justice Reference Service

23. But as the above primer details, the job becomes a lot
more difficult with a corpse that's undergone some
degree of decomposition or desiccation (that is, drying
out), or has soaked in water so that the skin has
softened. But that doesn't mean it's impossible.
Medical examiners can surgically remove a dead
person's hands or fingers and send them to a lab where
other, more advanced techniques can be employed.
For skin that's badly deteriorated, for example, it may
be possible to use silicone putty to make a casting that
captures the detail of the fingerprint ridges. Those
impressions can then be photographed and used in
identification.

24. Scientists have gotten pretty good at this kind of stuff. In a
study published Nov. 5, 2013 in GMS Interdisciplinary
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery DGPW, researchers
looked at the effectiveness of a technique called
thanatopractical processing, in which fluid is extracted
from other parts of a body's remains and used to restore
tenseness and volume to the fingers in order to plump
them for printing. Of 400 bodies in various stages of
decomposition, it was possible to obtain fingerprints that
could be submitted to the Automated Federal
Identification System in about three quarters of the cases.
In another 11 percent of cases, good enough prints could
be obtained to at least eliminate possible matches.

25. How long do fingerprints remain usable? There isn't a
lot of research on that subject, unfortunately. But a
study published Dec. 22, 2016 in IEEE Xplore and
described in a 2017 USA Today article, usable
biometric data has been obtained from corpses dead
for up to four days in warm weather and as long as 50
days in wintertime.

26. According to Apple’s Website, Touch ID won't
work by itself after it has gone unused for 48
hours. At that point, a passcode or password must
be entered for additional validation in order to
unlock a phone.

27. More research
Preservation
Integration with other Biometrics Properties
Integration with Bioinformatics
Capturing fingerprint as early as possible
Advance Filter design to take this stage as noise
Converted in code.
Silicon putty index strip
Optical scaner some times
Mold gloves with electricity conduction
3D printing then make cast
GrayKey like devices
Premium unlocking Subscription

28. Ethical approach
 Should fair
Problems increase exponentially in future
even in live persons
Trends Demand
Technology shift