This paper suggests a rail crack inspection using low cost sensors and Arduino
Duemilanove microcontroller board. The present inspection systems are more bulky, expensive and
have slow response time. Arduino Duemilanove microcontroller board has 14 digital input/output
pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator. The
Arduino Duemilanove can be programmed with the Arduino software and the major advantage of
using these boards is that they can program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial
Programming) header. The aforementioned functionality has been achieved by interfacing the GSM
module, GPS module and LED-LDR arrangement with a microcontroller. In this system the GPS
receives the signal and gives the current latitude and longitude of the crack. By using GSM the user
is able to receive the information through subscribed services and users can often continue to use
their mobile phones when they are traveling, hence GSM is also implemented in the present design.
The present design has a vast application in hardware industries like structural health monitoring
(SHM) of critical aircraft components, pipe, welding process etc .The sensors were able to detect
crack by LDRs and due to its flexible design it could be used as an embedded sensor for online and
unmanned monitoring systems.
Real time vehicle overload detection and prevention systemKapil Nagpure
In this project we proposed real time vehicle overloading detection and prevention of system using load cells as sensor and internet of things to inform road traffic officer about the accidents that could occur due to overloading of vehicles and illegal transportation of goods as well. Our system aims to minimize the overloading and accident problems. Here load cells are used for real time measurement of weight of goods loaded into vehicle, NodeMCU an open source IoT platform to get weight and location with servers using internet of things on LCD, which need to be monitored by RTO, GPS module to access location of vehicle and circuit to control the ignition system of vehicle when it is overloaded.
Intelligent road surface quality evaluation using rough mereologyMohamed Mostafa
The road surface condition information is very useful for the safety of road users and to inform road administrators
for conducting appropriate maintenance. Roughness features of road surface; such as speed bumps and potholes, have bad effects on road users and their vehicles. Usually speed bumps are used to slow motor-vehicle traffic in specific areas in order to increase
safety conditions. On the other hand driving over speed bumps at high speeds could cause accidents or be the reason for spinal injury. Therefore informing road users of the position of speed bumps through their journey on the road especially at night or when lighting is poor would be a valuable feature. This paper exploits a mobile sensor computing framework to monitor and assess road surface conditions. The framework measures the changes in the gravity orientation through a gyroscope and the shifts in the accelerator's indications, both as an assessment
for the existence of speed bumps. The proposed classification approach used the theory of rough mereology to rank the modified data in order to make a useful recommendation to road users.
An Approach to Improve the Railway Crack Detection in the Tracks by Automated...IOSR Journals
Abstract : Today in the real time world, so many type of transports are available like, flights, trains, buses, but majority of the people doing their travelling in trains only because due to less amount of charge for long time journey and at the same time it is more comfortable also. For those people we have to provide the safety journey, so the government has to take the responsibility for this. Although the government has taken necessary steps to safe journey but due to some reasons the accidents will happens. One of the major accidents in the railways networks are occurs due to track side faults. The track side fault means it will occur as natural or artificial. To avoid this we are going to design the automated engine model. In this design the engine should be automated and it is connected to the RF Rays. The automation techniques are based on two nodes, Track side node and Station side node. The proposed scheme has been modelled for Automation Engines in the Indian railway networks alone. Keywords : Crack, Detection, GSM, Automation, Engines.
Nowadays we face many train accidents due to track faults, obstacles etc. These problems are difficult to detect and control manually. To overcome
these problems we use sensors and Zigbee for detection and control through long distance wireless communication. The Ultrasonic, PIR sensor and
serial data transmitter detect the problems in the train track and give a message to the microcontroller. Zigbee receives that message and turns ON the
safety alarm to warn the passengers and the driver. The MOSFET controls the speed of the train and stops before 20 km of the obstacle or the fault in
the train tracks.
This paper suggests a rail crack inspection using low cost sensors and Arduino
Duemilanove microcontroller board. The present inspection systems are more bulky, expensive and
have slow response time. Arduino Duemilanove microcontroller board has 14 digital input/output
pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator. The
Arduino Duemilanove can be programmed with the Arduino software and the major advantage of
using these boards is that they can program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial
Programming) header. The aforementioned functionality has been achieved by interfacing the GSM
module, GPS module and LED-LDR arrangement with a microcontroller. In this system the GPS
receives the signal and gives the current latitude and longitude of the crack. By using GSM the user
is able to receive the information through subscribed services and users can often continue to use
their mobile phones when they are traveling, hence GSM is also implemented in the present design.
The present design has a vast application in hardware industries like structural health monitoring
(SHM) of critical aircraft components, pipe, welding process etc .The sensors were able to detect
crack by LDRs and due to its flexible design it could be used as an embedded sensor for online and
unmanned monitoring systems.
Real time vehicle overload detection and prevention systemKapil Nagpure
In this project we proposed real time vehicle overloading detection and prevention of system using load cells as sensor and internet of things to inform road traffic officer about the accidents that could occur due to overloading of vehicles and illegal transportation of goods as well. Our system aims to minimize the overloading and accident problems. Here load cells are used for real time measurement of weight of goods loaded into vehicle, NodeMCU an open source IoT platform to get weight and location with servers using internet of things on LCD, which need to be monitored by RTO, GPS module to access location of vehicle and circuit to control the ignition system of vehicle when it is overloaded.
Intelligent road surface quality evaluation using rough mereologyMohamed Mostafa
The road surface condition information is very useful for the safety of road users and to inform road administrators
for conducting appropriate maintenance. Roughness features of road surface; such as speed bumps and potholes, have bad effects on road users and their vehicles. Usually speed bumps are used to slow motor-vehicle traffic in specific areas in order to increase
safety conditions. On the other hand driving over speed bumps at high speeds could cause accidents or be the reason for spinal injury. Therefore informing road users of the position of speed bumps through their journey on the road especially at night or when lighting is poor would be a valuable feature. This paper exploits a mobile sensor computing framework to monitor and assess road surface conditions. The framework measures the changes in the gravity orientation through a gyroscope and the shifts in the accelerator's indications, both as an assessment
for the existence of speed bumps. The proposed classification approach used the theory of rough mereology to rank the modified data in order to make a useful recommendation to road users.
An Approach to Improve the Railway Crack Detection in the Tracks by Automated...IOSR Journals
Abstract : Today in the real time world, so many type of transports are available like, flights, trains, buses, but majority of the people doing their travelling in trains only because due to less amount of charge for long time journey and at the same time it is more comfortable also. For those people we have to provide the safety journey, so the government has to take the responsibility for this. Although the government has taken necessary steps to safe journey but due to some reasons the accidents will happens. One of the major accidents in the railways networks are occurs due to track side faults. The track side fault means it will occur as natural or artificial. To avoid this we are going to design the automated engine model. In this design the engine should be automated and it is connected to the RF Rays. The automation techniques are based on two nodes, Track side node and Station side node. The proposed scheme has been modelled for Automation Engines in the Indian railway networks alone. Keywords : Crack, Detection, GSM, Automation, Engines.
Nowadays we face many train accidents due to track faults, obstacles etc. These problems are difficult to detect and control manually. To overcome
these problems we use sensors and Zigbee for detection and control through long distance wireless communication. The Ultrasonic, PIR sensor and
serial data transmitter detect the problems in the train track and give a message to the microcontroller. Zigbee receives that message and turns ON the
safety alarm to warn the passengers and the driver. The MOSFET controls the speed of the train and stops before 20 km of the obstacle or the fault in
the train tracks.
Monitoring and Maintenance of Highway Bridges Using Wireless Sensor NetworksPremier Publishers
Usage of wireless sensor network increasing and becoming cost effective now days. Many real-time applications using this network system. One of the example for such application is monitoring a highway or railway bridges which plays an important role in transportation. Many bridges in world collapse due to some internal and external factors, those factors must be monitored in order to avoid this collapse. This paper proposes automatic bridge monitoring system using wireless sensor networks. The proposed system consists of three sensors to monitor the bridge condition continuously i.e. Accelerometer to detect the jerks in the bridge or in pillar, flex sensor to detect the bend or orientation in the bridge, load cell to detect the overload on the bridge. This data from the sensors will be processed by controller (PIC18) and is transferred to the receiver node at the management center using the transmitter node at the transmitter end whenever the fault occurred. CC2500 module is used as a wireless node in this paper. At the receiver side raspberry pi is used to monitor the received data which can also store the database in it. Through the GSM an alert message is also sent to the operator along with the exact location where fault occurred in bridge. The proposed system can be used efficiently with low cost.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Automatic vision based inspection of railway trackeSAT Journals
Abstract Currently, most of railway track inspections are manually conducted by railroad track inspectors. Practically, it is not possible to inspect the thousand of miles of railway track by trained human inspector. This inspection takes too much time to inspect the defected railway track and then inform to the railway authority people. In this way it may lead to disaster. Hence to avoid delay and improve the accuracy, our propose system will automatically inspect the railway track by using vision based method and vibration based method. This method proposes continuous monitoring and assessment of the condition of the rail tracks which prevent major disasters. Our proposed system will inspect the rail track component such as missing bolts, tie plates, anchors etc by using vision based method and simultaneously do the calibration of railway track by using vibration based method. The system provides real-time monitoring and structural condition for railway track using vision based method and calibration to search the fault location on the track. Inspections include detecting defects on tracks, missing bolts, anchor, tie plate and clips etc. In vision based method camera we will use to capture the images or videos. In vibration based method some sensors we will use to detect the vibrations on the railway track. We will extract the signal from 2-D. Keywords: Railway track inspection, Vision based and vibration based method, Image processing, Data acquisition.
Intelligent Collision avoidance and monitoring system for railway using wirel...Editor IJMTER
In the current railway systems, it is becoming ever more necessary to have safety
elements in order to avoid accidents. One of the important causes that can provoke serious accidents
is the existence of obstacles on the tracks, either fixed or mobile. This project deals about one of the
efficient methods to avoid train collision and obstacle detection. A GPS system is being used to
pinpoint the location of faults on tracks. The project presents a solution, to provide an intelligent
train tracking and management system to improve the existing railway transport service. The solution
is based on powerful combination of mobile computing, Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM), Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies and software. The inbuilt GPS module
identifies the train location with a highest accuracy and transfers the information to the central
system. The availability of the information allows the train Controller to take accurate decisions as
for the train location. Positioning data along with train speed helps the central system to identify the
possible safety issues and react to them effectively using the communication methods provided by
the system.
Monitoring and Maintenance of Highway Bridges Using Wireless Sensor NetworksPremier Publishers
Usage of wireless sensor network increasing and becoming cost effective now days. Many real-time applications using this network system. One of the example for such application is monitoring a highway or railway bridges which plays an important role in transportation. Many bridges in world collapse due to some internal and external factors, those factors must be monitored in order to avoid this collapse. This paper proposes automatic bridge monitoring system using wireless sensor networks. The proposed system consists of three sensors to monitor the bridge condition continuously i.e. Accelerometer to detect the jerks in the bridge or in pillar, flex sensor to detect the bend or orientation in the bridge, load cell to detect the overload on the bridge. This data from the sensors will be processed by controller (PIC18) and is transferred to the receiver node at the management center using the transmitter node at the transmitter end whenever the fault occurred. CC2500 module is used as a wireless node in this paper. At the receiver side raspberry pi is used to monitor the received data which can also store the database in it. Through the GSM an alert message is also sent to the operator along with the exact location where fault occurred in bridge. The proposed system can be used efficiently with low cost.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Automatic vision based inspection of railway trackeSAT Journals
Abstract Currently, most of railway track inspections are manually conducted by railroad track inspectors. Practically, it is not possible to inspect the thousand of miles of railway track by trained human inspector. This inspection takes too much time to inspect the defected railway track and then inform to the railway authority people. In this way it may lead to disaster. Hence to avoid delay and improve the accuracy, our propose system will automatically inspect the railway track by using vision based method and vibration based method. This method proposes continuous monitoring and assessment of the condition of the rail tracks which prevent major disasters. Our proposed system will inspect the rail track component such as missing bolts, tie plates, anchors etc by using vision based method and simultaneously do the calibration of railway track by using vibration based method. The system provides real-time monitoring and structural condition for railway track using vision based method and calibration to search the fault location on the track. Inspections include detecting defects on tracks, missing bolts, anchor, tie plate and clips etc. In vision based method camera we will use to capture the images or videos. In vibration based method some sensors we will use to detect the vibrations on the railway track. We will extract the signal from 2-D. Keywords: Railway track inspection, Vision based and vibration based method, Image processing, Data acquisition.
Intelligent Collision avoidance and monitoring system for railway using wirel...Editor IJMTER
In the current railway systems, it is becoming ever more necessary to have safety
elements in order to avoid accidents. One of the important causes that can provoke serious accidents
is the existence of obstacles on the tracks, either fixed or mobile. This project deals about one of the
efficient methods to avoid train collision and obstacle detection. A GPS system is being used to
pinpoint the location of faults on tracks. The project presents a solution, to provide an intelligent
train tracking and management system to improve the existing railway transport service. The solution
is based on powerful combination of mobile computing, Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM), Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies and software. The inbuilt GPS module
identifies the train location with a highest accuracy and transfers the information to the central
system. The availability of the information allows the train Controller to take accurate decisions as
for the train location. Positioning data along with train speed helps the central system to identify the
possible safety issues and react to them effectively using the communication methods provided by
the system.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Multi sensor railway track geometry surveying system
1. MULTI-SENSOR RAILWAY TRACK GEOMETRY SURVEYING
SYSTEM
Abstract:
Depending on recent developments in railway systems, high-speed trains are being
extensively used, and rail transportation is being increased. Reasons for this increase are high
speed, economical, environment friendly, safety, and modern characteristics of railway systems.
These characteristics can be continued by periodical maintenance and control measurements.
Depending on different factors, deformations may occur on the superstructure of railways.
Determining these deformations on time and taking precautions is very important for the safety
of railway systems.
Existing system:
In the existing system, Classical geodetic measurement methods and instruments are used
to determine railway deformations. The measurement process with these methods and
instruments usually takes a long time. Determining these deformations on time and taking
precautions is very important for the safety of railway systems
Proposed system:
In the proposed system, a railway track inspection system based on Accelerometer and
Crack Detection Sensor is framed. The system uses GSM Communication for communicating
with the railway station. The accelerometer and crack detection sensor are connected with the
PIC Microcontroller. The Accelerometer is used to inspect any deformation in the railway track
and the crack detection sensor is used to find cracks on the railway track. Once if any of the two
abnormalities is encountered, the system sends an alert message to the control center, where it is
stored and retrieved later.
