The document outlines a project for developing a robust railway crack detection system using ultrasonic sensors integrated with an Arduino controller to enhance railway safety by detecting cracks in tracks automatically. It highlights the significant problem of railway accidents caused by undetected cracks and proposes real-time monitoring and location reporting functionalities. The project aims to improve safety, reduce maintenance costs, and enhance the overall efficiency of the railway network.

1. MAJOR PROJECT PRESENTATION

2. CONTENTS
 ABSTRCT
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
 OBJECTIVES
 INTRODUCTION
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

3. ABSTRACT
 The project proposes designing of robust railway crack detection using ultrasonic sensor assembly
for railway track geometry surveying system by detecting the cracks on railway tracks.
 The two ultrasonic sensors are installed at front end of inspection robot which monitors the track
and gives the status to Arduino controller.
 Most of the accidents in the train are caused due the cracks in the railway track, which cannot be
easily identified.
 The proposed broken rail detection system automatically detects the faulty railway track without any
human interference.
 The currently existing technical solutions in the detection of cracks in rails involve periodic
maintenance coupled with occasional monitoring the inspection methods like are visual inspection,
ultrasonic inspection, eddy current and laser methods.

4. INTRODUCTION
 Railway is one of the most significant transportation modes of our country but it is a
matter of great sorrow that, railway tracks of our country are very prone.
 That’s why, a vast number of accidents are occurred every year due to this primitive
type of railway tracks and as the consequences of those accidents we lose huge
number of lives every year.
 We thought if our system can detect those object or barrier and inform to the control
room then they can take necessary steps to avoid accident.

5. LITRATURE REVIEW
 Prevention of Railway Accident using Arduino Based Safety System: A case Study of Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit Adoh
Lucky Ugochukwu1*, Akello Fiona Mercy2 , Nyangassa Faraja2 , Ishimwe Pascasie2. There is a need to look at various ways
to prevent or reduce the frequency and severity of these accidents by using an Arduino-based safety system to mitigate this
accidents
 RAILWAY TRACK CRACK DETECTION SYSTEM BY USING ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER N. L. Bhojwani,
A.S. Ansari, S. S. Jirge, M. B. Baviskar, D. N. Pawar. The cheapest and most practical form of long-distance and suburban
traffic as well as passenger transit in India is provided by railways.
 Detection of Crack in Railway Track using Ultrasonic Sensors Anushree B.S, 2Priyasha Purkayastha, 3Anjali Girgire,
4Anjana K, 5Ruma Sinha. If a break in a railway track is not discovered in the early stages in a country like India, where the
majority of people depend on trains for transportation, it could result in a derailment and cause significant loss of human life and
property.

6. PROBLEM STATEMENT
 Implement a technique to identify obstructions on the railway tracks in
order to prevent accidents.
 Real-time Location Information Include a GPS module to show the robot's
current location.
 Use a vibration sensor to look for unusual vibrations on the tracks that
could be signs of a structural damage
 Implement a buzzer or alarm system to alert local railway employees

7. OBJECTIVES
 Railway track detection
 Alert system
 Testing and validation
 Reporting and Maintenances
 Machine Learning

8. METHODOLOGY
HARDWARE COMPONENTS
 Arduino Uno
 Ultrasonic sensor
 Sim 900A GSM Module
 Neo 6m GPS Module
 5V Relay Module
 100RPM centre shaft economy series DC Motor
 12V Power Supply
 Connecting Wires
 General Purpose PCB
SOFTWARE COMPONENT
 Arduino IDE

9. BLOCK DIAGRAM
MICROCONTROLLER
5V DC SUPPLY
ULTRASONIC
GPS MODEL
RELAY
DC
MOTORES
GSM
MODEL
12V DC SUPPLY
9V DC SUPPLY

10. WORKING
 When we turn on the robot then the controller which is Arduino uno and other modules and sensors turn
on.
 After that controller trigger relay to ON the DC motors and collect data from Ultrasonic sensors.
 Controller sets GSM module in right mode to send message and set GSM module as per requirements.
 Robot starts running on railway track to detect crack.
 When crack detected by the Ultrasonic sensor to the controller, and trigger relay to stop motors.
 After Ultrasonic sensor controller request to GPS module for location of that instance. Controller store
that location in local variable and request GSM module to send this location to the head office.

11. APPLICATION
 Technology Stack
 Data Collection
 Analysis Techniques
 User Interface
 Reporting and Maintenance
 Testing and Validation
 Deployment
 Regulatory Compliance

12. CONCLUSION
 The railway track crack detection system utilizing Arduino, ultrasonic sensor, accelerometer,
GPS, GSM, and relay module is an efficient and effective solution for detecting cracks in
railway tracks.
 This system provides real-time crack detection, improving safety, reducing maintenance
costs, and increasing track lifespan. Its non-contact measurement, high accuracy, low power
consumption, and robust design make it an ideal solution for railway track monitoring.
 The potential impact is significant, with reduced accidents and fatalities, increased
passenger safety, improved rail network efficiency, and enhanced economic benefits.

13. REFERENCES
1. “Railway track crack detection system using Arduino microcontroller” by N. L. Bhojwani, A. S. Ansari Sep 2021
IJEAST.
2. Rijoy Patil, Nima Varghese, Shyam Krishna “Railway track crack detection ” International Journal of Advance
Research and Development, Volume3, Issue3, 2018.
3. “Railway track crack detection system using Arduino” by Gokul Ramamoorthy, Tushar Kartikeyan,
IJESC,Volume10 , Issue5, May 2020.
4. “Railway track crack detection system using Arduino microcontroller” by S. S. Jirge, M. B. Baviskar, IJSRED,
Volume3, Issue2, Apr 2020 © IJIREEICE This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License 2