Systematic analysis of algalbio-fuel production integrated with domestic wastewater treatment in Armenia. The presentation evaluates using algae to treat wastewater and produce biofuels. It discusses using algae cultivation technologies like open ponds and photobioreactors, and the processes of algae harvesting, oil extraction, and biodiesel production. Future work could involve using photo bioreactors for decentralized wastewater treatment and biodiesel production. In conclusion, algae is a potential solution that can make wastewater treatment cost-competitive while producing biofuels to reduce carbon emissions.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to examine the increasing economic feasibility of algae biofuels. Algae can be grown in places where traditional crops cannot be grown and it consumes carbon dioxide, thus making it better than traditional sources of biofuels. It can also be harvested every 10 days thus making its oil yield per acre 200 times higher than corn and 40 times higher than sunflowers. The problem is that harvesting and extracting the algae requires large amounts of labor and energy (drying) and the algae may damage surrounding eco-systems. Thus new and better processes along with large scale production are needed to solve these problems. These slides discuss the various approaches (open pond, photo-bioreactor, fermentation), their advantages and disadvantages, their existing and future costs, and other improvements that are driving steadily falling costs. In the short term, algae will continue to be used in niche applications such as cosmetics, food, and fertilizers. In the long run, as the cost reductions continue, algae might become a major source of fuel for transportation and other applications.
A variety of fuels can be made from biomassi resources including the liquid fuels ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and methane. Biofuels research and development is composed of three main areas: producing the fuels, applications and uses of the fuels, and distribution infrastructure.
Biofuels are primarily used to fuel vehicles, but can also fuel engines or fuel cells for electricity generation. For information about the use of biofuels in vehicles, see the Alternative Fuel Vehicle page under Vehicles. See the Vehicles page for information about the biofuels distribution infrastructure. See the Hydrogen and Fuel Cells page for more information about hydrogen as a fuel.
In this world of concerns regarding depletion of fossil fuels, pollution control and other factors leading to threat of man kind survival a way of producing biodiesel from algae which can be a source of alternative fuel. Lots of methods and sources being used for producing biodiesel but from algae one can produce high amount of biodiesel depending on the type of species or strain selected and this way this is a viable and feasible method to produce biodiesel.....
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to examine the increasing economic feasibility of algae biofuels. Algae can be grown in places where traditional crops cannot be grown and it consumes carbon dioxide, thus making it better than traditional sources of biofuels. It can also be harvested every 10 days thus making its oil yield per acre 200 times higher than corn and 40 times higher than sunflowers. The problem is that harvesting and extracting the algae requires large amounts of labor and energy (drying) and the algae may damage surrounding eco-systems. Thus new and better processes along with large scale production are needed to solve these problems. These slides discuss the various approaches (open pond, photo-bioreactor, fermentation), their advantages and disadvantages, their existing and future costs, and other improvements that are driving steadily falling costs. In the short term, algae will continue to be used in niche applications such as cosmetics, food, and fertilizers. In the long run, as the cost reductions continue, algae might become a major source of fuel for transportation and other applications.
A variety of fuels can be made from biomassi resources including the liquid fuels ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and methane. Biofuels research and development is composed of three main areas: producing the fuels, applications and uses of the fuels, and distribution infrastructure.
Biofuels are primarily used to fuel vehicles, but can also fuel engines or fuel cells for electricity generation. For information about the use of biofuels in vehicles, see the Alternative Fuel Vehicle page under Vehicles. See the Vehicles page for information about the biofuels distribution infrastructure. See the Hydrogen and Fuel Cells page for more information about hydrogen as a fuel.
In this world of concerns regarding depletion of fossil fuels, pollution control and other factors leading to threat of man kind survival a way of producing biodiesel from algae which can be a source of alternative fuel. Lots of methods and sources being used for producing biodiesel but from algae one can produce high amount of biodiesel depending on the type of species or strain selected and this way this is a viable and feasible method to produce biodiesel.....
A powerpoint presentation on biofuels . Application , manufacture , advantages and disadvantages of biofuels also included . Presentation based on sustainable devolopment . A useful powerpoint presentation for engineering students . GO GREEN . Thank you .
A biofuel is a hydrocarbon that is made BY or FROM a living organism that we humans can use to power something. A thorough research work has been carried out by few of the colleagues(me & my MBA mates) to analyze the potential for the algae fuel and how can it be made commercially viable.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their effects on the environmentDipo Elegbs
ย
The aim of this presentation is to review
contemporary information on PAH pollution,
PAH degradation, the fate and risk associated
with the presence of these compounds in the
environment and also to enlighten on some
well-known possible remediations.
A powerpoint presentation on biofuels . Application , manufacture , advantages and disadvantages of biofuels also included . Presentation based on sustainable devolopment . A useful powerpoint presentation for engineering students . GO GREEN . Thank you .
A biofuel is a hydrocarbon that is made BY or FROM a living organism that we humans can use to power something. A thorough research work has been carried out by few of the colleagues(me & my MBA mates) to analyze the potential for the algae fuel and how can it be made commercially viable.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their effects on the environmentDipo Elegbs
ย
The aim of this presentation is to review
contemporary information on PAH pollution,
PAH degradation, the fate and risk associated
with the presence of these compounds in the
environment and also to enlighten on some
well-known possible remediations.
Green water and floating algae are one of the most common problems in swimming pools. Algae is a living marine creature that rapidly expands in warm and sunny weather. And the algae problems can occur within one night if the swimming pool water is not well balanced. Check the slides here to know details about the common causes of algae formation, how it affects the pool sanitation & the ways to get rid of them.
Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Efficient use of limited water resource:Safe R...ICRISAT
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In developing countries, a large portion of population resides in villageswhere formal waste management systems do not exist.Recycling and reuse of available waste in villages provides sustainable solutions for a waste management system and reduces environmental degradation.Inappropriate reuse of untreated wastewater is unsafefor farmers and consumers.
Cambridge | Jan-14 | Bioenergy from Plants and Algae: Plant Biomass and Algae...Smart Villages
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Presentation by Alison Smith, Cambridge University, Smart Villages Technology Workshop, Cambridge 14 January 2014
The purpose of the workshop was to bring together leading UK researchers to discuss emerging technologies for the sustainable production and use of energy in rural communities in developing countries, and to take a โlook aheadโ at scientific developments and technologies that might be influential over the next 10 - 20 years. It was held under the auspices of the โsmart villagesโ initiative, a three - year project to advance sustain able energy provision for development in off - grid villages in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
this presentation explains about algal fuel and its future prospects. a case study has also been included that has indicated potential of india in producing algal fuel.
Flue gas mitigation technology that will aid in alleviating our emissions from point sources (i.e. power plants) by supplementing growth of ALGAE to produces our transportation sector fuels.
Electricity Generation from Biogas Produced in a Lab-Scale Anaerobic Digester...inventionjournals
ย
The sludge produced during wastewater treatment should be stabilized in order to minimize the damage to the environment. This study includes the evaluation of sludge stabilization and biogas formation by anaerobic digestion in order to generate electricity using stirling motor.The study was carried out with the raw sludge form the thickener of the wastewatertreatment plant. The main aim of the study is to provide sludge stabilization resulting biogas production by reduction of organic matter and to generate electricity. Anaerobic digestion studies were carried out using a laboratory scale anaerobic reactor with a volume of 7L.Under themesophilic condition, the sludge age was maintained at 10 days during the first 20 days of operation, while the reactor was operated for 90 days until the end of the run, with a sludge age of 20 days.The results have changed in the range of 42-52% after the organic matter reduction obtained from the anaerobic digestion. Concentrations of 3735.7300 ppm, 5060.5768 ppm, and 6951.4013 ppm biogas were obtained. Biogas was turned on by mechanical energy with a Stirlingmotor and then turned to direct current and the lamps with 3V 20mA each were run for 60 minutes
Recent talks on biofuels have outlined their un-sustainability in the production phase; commodities such as corn, rapeseed, palm oil and soya are being grown and harvested in a way that could have negative economic, social and environmental effects, and have a global impact on land use, food security, water resources, deforestation and global markets.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
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At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
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Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Buy Verified PayPal Account | Buy Google 5 Star Reviewsusawebmarket
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Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
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Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
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Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
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It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
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As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your companyโs legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, weโll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
"๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ผ๐ต ๐พ๐ฐ๐ป๐ฏ ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฐ๐บ ๐ฏ๐จ๐ณ๐ญ ๐ซ๐ถ๐ต๐ฌ"
๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฌ (๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ข๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
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www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
1. Systematic analysis of algalbio-fuel production integrated with domestic wastewater treatment in Armenia By: Mambreh Gharakhani Supervisors: Dr. Artak Hambarian Dr. Edwin Safari Referee: Dr. Aram Hajian Special Thanks to: Dr.Knel Touryan Special Thanks to: Prof. Evrik Afrikian
2.
3.
4. The plan (?) Waste water Algae Green house gasses(CO2, NO2, CH4) Biomass, Biofuel fertilizer, etc..
5.
6. The existing networks collect waste water from 60-80% of urban areas, while rural areas do not basically have sewage systems, so that waste water is entirely discharged into the river basin.Eutrophication (algal bloom) We are Dying
9. Algae: simple plants, they do not have complex system (Xylem and phloem) to circulate water and nutrients Autotrophic: Using sunlight Heterotrophic: does not require sunlight and Use organic Carbon (CH2O)n instead carbon dioxide + water + sunlight-> carbohydrate + oxygen multicellular forms: seaweed (Macro algae) and unicellular species which Microalgae: unicellular ,exist individually, or in chains or groups
10. Algae are the source of planetโs oxygen and absorb most of CO2 โ โDirty Waterโ. Species flourish in brackish, Saline and wastewater. โข Wastewater nutrients support highly productive algal cultures
11.
12.
13. Biomass: is low cost plant matter for production of commodities (feeds, fuels, foods, fibers, chemicals) Algae yield: 30 tones/acre. year Other crops: 15 tones/ acre. year
14. comparison of oil yield for various oilseed crops Source: Bennenmen,2008
19. Grow Crops in both fresh and sea water, also in wastewater (sewage)Bonus: microalgae can be used in the wastewater treatment as the micro organisms influencing the cleaning process Well we can! >> Micro-algae will do all these things
20. What algae needs for growth and productivity of biomass? A little bit of everythingโฆ โข Sunlight โขTemperature โขWater (Fresh, brackish, wastewater, etc.) โขSupply of carbon dioxide (use exhaust of power plants) โขMacronutrients: C, N, P, Mg, Ca, K, Na, Cl, NO3, NH4 โขMicronutrients (Trace elements): Fe, B, Zn, Mn, Mo, Cu, SO4, Co, Al, Br, Etc..
21. Energy from photosynthesis The energy - in the form of biomass - that can be obtained via photosynthesis thus depends on the level of PAR and the efficiency of the conversion process Q. Ebiomass= PAR x Q Micro algae eight photons to capture one molecule of CO2into carbohydrate (CH2O)nGiven that one mole of CH2O has a heating value of 468kJ and that the mean energy of a mole of PAR photons is 217.4kJ, then the maximum theoretical conversion efficiency of PAR energy into carbohydrates is: 468kJ/(8 x 217.4kJ) = 27% In Practical Case: decreases to 10%
23. Which Algae Production Technology? Microalgae were first mass cultured on rooftop at MIT during the early 1950s, first mention of algae biofuels in report of that project. The energy shocks of the 1970s led renewed study of microalgae biofuels, methane combination with wastewater treatment . 1980 - 1995
24.
25.
26. Which Algae Production Technology? Closed photobioreactors are economic for high value applications (nutraceuticals) but are presently not cost effective for biofuel production
27. Technologies Based On wastewater treatment Biodiesel production from algae grown in wastewater has the potential to address three important goals: Development of new energy sources (oil production) Management of agricultural wastes to protect aquatic environment Reduction of the global anthropogenic green house effect
28. Direct Cost Direct production costs(combined annual maintenance and operating costs) contribute highest: 68% Nutrient expenses: 33.7% Labor and overheads: 24% Water: 16% Electricity: 7%
29. Ideal Goal: Biofuels from Algae: using Non-Fresh Water Sources
30.
31. The site is in city of Gavar near to second largest wastewater treatment plant
32. It dumps the incomplete treated wastewater with a flow rate of 2400 cubic meter per day.
35. Comparative capital cost for Different WWT Technologies Capital Cost Comparison between WWT technologies + 80000 $ each year for maintenance Total electricity requirements measured in kWh/MGD at various flow rates
38. BOD5 and suspended solids values were very low: not metered water consumption, leaking water pipes causing large infiltration amounts in the sewers and connections existing between sewerage and storm water network.
39. Same latitude as Denver city~ 30000 liters oil/ hectare . Year (Kristina M. Weyer, Al Darzins, โTheoretical and maximum algal productionโ, Springerlink.com)
40. Table. 1: Input parameters for wastewater in Gavar 30000 ร 100 ร 80% ร 10-3 = 2400
41. The Alternative options for the solution (Cultivation of algae) 1. The traditional wastewater ponds system 2. Advance integrated wastewater treatment 3. Photobioreactor integrated with wastewater treatment Algal biomass harvesting Oil extraction
42. Traditional wastewater ponds Primary Facultative pond Secondary facultative pond (algal high rate pond) Algae settling ponds Maturation pond
44. NH4- ammonia is the source of nitrogen Biological Oxygen Demand
45. Secondary facultative pond (algal high rate pond) Wastewater treatment High Rate Algal Ponds are presently the only option for cost-effective biofuel production due to co-benefits of wastewater treatment, nutrient recovery and GHG abatement + The various byproducts.
46. Settlingponds To increase the concentration of algae in up to 3 g/l Decrease the operational and power consumption costs 50 to 80 percent of algae can be removed. If higher degrees of algae are required secondary harvesting method is required.
48. Algal Settling Ponds Advanced Facultative Pond Maturation Pond High Rate Pond Paddlewheel (3โ6 rpm) Fermentation pit Raw Wastewater Effluent 4.0 - 6.0 m deep 0.1- 0.3 m deep 1.0 m deep 1.0-2.0 m deep Advanced Integrated Ponds system
55. Algae Harvesting Concentration of diluted algae suspension until a thick Algae paste is obtained Primary harvesting Auto flocculation Flocculation Centrifugation
56. Oil extraction Extracting oil from algae paste (algal bio mass) with 90-95% efficiency Solvent extraction: Using Hexane + Mechanical Pressing
59. Algal oil to Biodiesel Transesterification Transesterification is the process that the algae oil must go through to become biodiesel. It is a simple chemical reaction requiring only four steps and two chemicals: 1. Mix methanol and sodium hydroxide creates sodium methoxide 2. Mix sodium methoxide into algae oil 3. Allow to settle for about 8 hours 4. Drain glycerin and filter biodiesel to 5 microns
62. Onsite systems which are flexible and can be moved can be used
63.
64. Special thanksโฆ. Dr. Antonyan Dr. Al. Darzin, NREL Dr. Treq Lundquist, CalPol University Kate Riley ,Yield Energy Ryan Davis, NREL Mark van Schagen, Evodos Special thanks to family And friends Also Siranush Vopyan
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