The document discusses integration of vocational and skill development courses in India. It provides background on vocational education and training in India since 1945. It identifies the key issue as reforming existing vocational education programs by addressing drawbacks and integrating government skill development schemes. Issues with vocational courses include lack of coordination, outdated courses, shortage of trainers, and inadequate funding. Possible solutions proposed are increasing the number of training institutes, establishing regulations and standards, improving teacher quality, and focusing training on emerging technologies. Current government schemes and spending on skill development are also outlined, with a recommendation to increase annual budgetary support to ₹10,000 crore to revamp institutions and skill one crore youth.

1. Integration of
Vocational and Skill
development courses
By Saurbha Jawade, Team Kalam

2. Vocational Education
It is defined as the education that is based on occupation
and employment.
Vocational training in India is provided on a full-time as
well as part-time basis.
Full time are offered through ITI and part-time courses
offered through state or university.

3. 1945
Directorate General of
Employment and
Training (DGE&T), was
set up
1950
Under the Craftsmen
Training Scheme,
Industrial Training
Institutes (ITIs) were
1964
vocationalise secondary
education
recommended by
Kothari committee
1986
National Policy on
Education provided for
Vocational Education in
the Higher Secondary
2013-15
STAR Scheme, skill India
Mission, CTS and ATS
under directorate
General of training

4. SKILL DEVELOPMENT COURSES
The objective of this Skill Certification Scheme is to enable a large number of Indian youth to take up
industry-relevant skill training.
Various courses can be undertaken under:
National Skill Development Mission
National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
Skill Loan scheme, etc. etc…

5. Identifying key Issue
In order to make most of the Indian youth employable, they must have education and training that make
them ready for labor market. One of the way to do that is vocational education and training, but sadly the
system is not been able to do what it intended to. Therefore, government interven through skill
development courses and schemes to improve the employability of the youth and increase the effectiveness
of the system.
key issue: To reform the existing vocational education and training programme
By addressing the vocational systems drawbacks through reform and integrating other government schemes
is the key.

6. Issue with the vocational courses
1. Lack of coordination between MSDE and MHRD as vocational training comes under MSDE while
vocational education comes under MHRD
2. Both institutions run their separate programmes
3. No national level standards governing the courses
4. Courses are not changing or upgrading with changing time, hence the skills acquired become
irrelevant from market perspective.
5. Lack of apprenticeship schemes
6. High dropout level at secondary level itself, but vocational education is available only at 11th and
12th
7. Less participation from private industry and less number of training institute

7. Issues with vocational courses contu…
8. Shortage of qualified trainers
9. Inadequate funding
10. Vocational courses is just about entry level jobs, need to increase the scope
11. Lack of social acceptance
12. Apart from this there are various ministers that are running skill development programmes in India

8. Possible ways to tackle the problem
● Government should setup enough number of training institute at district and taluka level
● Should treat vocational training and vocational education same
● Regulator to regulate the Institutes
● Rating system of the institute, publish periodically
● Absence of legislation governing the institute and skilling need of the indian youth
● Need to amend apprenticeship act
● There should be all India employment exchange councilling and guidance to the students completing
the courses
● 24x7 availability of the guidance services and easy access to general public for hiring any of the
services

9. Possible way to tackle the problem
● Optimum utilisation of the capacity
● State government should share their plan with central government in order to harmonise both
● Government should focus giving training in the field of emerging technologies like robots, drones, AI,
chatbots
● More qualified personnel should be hired as the trainers
● Lateral entry into government services for top students qualifying
● It should focus on imparting training such as critical thinking, creativity, adaptability, risk taking and
making them entrepreneurs
● Schemes such as Mudra Yojana or 59 minutes loan should be given on priority basis to them

10. Current scheme and spending
1. Jobs and Skill development Rs 7511 crore
2. Skill development and livelihood Rs 523 crore
3. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana Rs 3400 cr
● National Skill Development Agency Rs 20 cr
● National board for Skill Certification Rs 25 cr
● Development of skills Rs 2154 cr
● Development of Entrepreneurship Rs 88 cr
● Model ITI Rs 50 cr
● Apprenticeship and training Rs 747 cr
● Scheme of polytechnic Rs 190 cr

11. Budget recommendations
Government need to revamp support to the institutions by giving more financial support.
Aim of skilling one crore youth can be reached when enough budgetary support upto Rs. 10000 cr required
Reasons:
● Need to upgrade existing courses and institutions to meet the current market neeed
● More qualified personnel hired
● Setting up training institute in every taluka area
● Award and recognition, subsidy for starting business
● International courses need to be implemented
● By this government, will be spending at least 10000 per year per student

12. Thank you