The document describes a solar powered smart irrigation system. It uses sensors to monitor soil moisture and temperature. The sensor data is sent wirelessly to a remote station where it is analyzed to control the amount of water dispensed by solenoid valves. The system aims to minimize water waste by providing only the amount of water needed based on soil conditions. It is currently installed at a university's agricultural research station and can be tailored for different crops. The system was designed by students as a senior capstone project incorporating principles of feedback control and digital communication.
Solar irrigation system is the green way of energy production,so it is a good option for farmers for irrigation. After the initial cost it will become free of charge to farmers and farmers can install it anywhere.
This ppt explains how to use of proper method of irrigation and it is important.The main reason is the lack of rains & scarcity of land reservoir
water. This ppt is based on microcontroller .
Edgefxkits.com has a wide range of electronic projects ideas that are primarily helpful for ECE, EEE and EIE students and the ideas can be
applied for real life purposes as well.
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Visit our page to get more ideas on popular electronic projects developed by professionals.
Edgefx provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide
guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
Solar irrigation system is the green way of energy production,so it is a good option for farmers for irrigation. After the initial cost it will become free of charge to farmers and farmers can install it anywhere.
This ppt explains how to use of proper method of irrigation and it is important.The main reason is the lack of rains & scarcity of land reservoir
water. This ppt is based on microcontroller .
Edgefxkits.com has a wide range of electronic projects ideas that are primarily helpful for ECE, EEE and EIE students and the ideas can be
applied for real life purposes as well.
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Visit our page to get more ideas on popular electronic projects developed by professionals.
Edgefx provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide
guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
Solar energy is the most abundant source of energy in the World. Solar Power is not only an answer to today’s energy crisis but also an environmental friendly form of energy. Photovoltaic generation is an efficient approach for using the solar energy. Solar powered irrigation system can be a suitable alternative for farmers in the present state of energy crisis automatic irrigation system using solar power. Around 45% of Bangladesh’s work force is employed in agriculture, which represents an important sector in the country’s economy. Farmers use irrigation pumps to ensure adequate and consistent water supply for their crops but incur substantial costs to purchase diesel fuel. Bangladesh spends $900 million per year for 1 million tons of diesel to power its irrigation systems. Solar-powered pumps are a reliable irrigation alternative for farmers as solar technology helps reduce costs, protect the environment, and lower expensive diesel fuel imports.
Solar-powered irrigation system is an application of solar-powered water pumping system used in paddy fields, gardens for watering the plants, vegetables, etc.
A Review Paper on Solar Panel Based Smart Irrigation System using GSM Moduleijtsrd
Solar powered smart irrigation systems are very useful for farmers.Solar energy has emerged as viable source of renewable energy over the past few decades and is now used for various applications such as emergency lighting, water heaters, and industrial application. It is a cheap source of energy. Thesystem consists of water pump which is solar powered with a moisture sensor used for automatic water flow control, light ambient sensor, Temperature sensorand GSM technology.It has mainly working in two modes i.e. manual mode and automatic mode. We have provide a switch which controls that modeIn this RF transmitter and RF receiver will be used to operate the overall system. A polar single axis solar panel tracker is implemented andit has an adjustable horizontal motor controlled axisandfixed vertical axis. If 2 to 3 degrees of misalignment happens then the tracker will correct its position and prevents wastage of power by continuously running motor. The light intensity of the two LDR is compared and according to the higher intensity of LDR the rotation of solar panel is decided and it is adjusted.To prevent the panel from rotating 360-° the stepper motor will have overturn triggers. Prof. Madhav Thigale | Aniket Gholap | Rohit Alate | Akash Padman"A Review Paper on Solar Panel Based Smart Irrigation System using GSM Module" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5804.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/5804/a-review-paper-on-solar-panel-based-smart-irrigation-system-using-gsm-module/prof-madhav-thigale
Importance of eco friendly technologies
Global warming : Indian prospective
Fallout of chemical rains
Centralized irrigation monitoring
Internet of things (IOT)
Cross platform app
Open source integrated development environment
These panels are designed with solar cells composed of semiconductor materials.
The main function of Solar panels is to convert solar energy into DC electrical energy generally of 12V, which is further used for the rest of the circuit. The number of cells required and their size depends on the rating of the load.
The collection of solar cells can produce maximum electricity. But, the solar panel must place exactly at right angles to the sun rays.
This slide give brief idea about need of solar resource and its utilization for irrigation in India.its cost effectiveness.Dayton Power have such water pumping solution to serve Indian farmer in best way.
Smart and automated control of water level, temperature and purification (1)Upamanyu Ray
Water is the most important of Nature’s gift to mankind, especially now with endangerment of freshwater. Without water, there is no life. So, water management should reduce its wastage. As a first step, this controller will automatically switch ON and OFF the domestic water pump system depending on the water tank and underground sump levels (to prevent dry run). Along with that, the system purifies and heats the water (to a soothing lukewarm). In this paperwork, we made an effort to design a costeffective and complete system using Arduino, Ultrasonic transducers, Zeolite Solution, Temperature and Humidity transducers, for water level indication, temperature control and water purification. The Arduino controls the storage level of water in a tank, its heating and the amount of zeolite mixed through SPST relays, without any wastage of water or power.
Keywords: Water, Management, Arduino, Ultrasonic, Relay, Temperature, Zeolite, Purification
Solar energy is the most abundant source of energy in the World. Solar Power is not only an answer to today’s energy crisis but also an environmental friendly form of energy. Photovoltaic generation is an efficient approach for using the solar energy. Solar powered irrigation system can be a suitable alternative for farmers in the present state of energy crisis automatic irrigation system using solar power. Around 45% of Bangladesh’s work force is employed in agriculture, which represents an important sector in the country’s economy. Farmers use irrigation pumps to ensure adequate and consistent water supply for their crops but incur substantial costs to purchase diesel fuel. Bangladesh spends $900 million per year for 1 million tons of diesel to power its irrigation systems. Solar-powered pumps are a reliable irrigation alternative for farmers as solar technology helps reduce costs, protect the environment, and lower expensive diesel fuel imports.
Solar-powered irrigation system is an application of solar-powered water pumping system used in paddy fields, gardens for watering the plants, vegetables, etc.
A Review Paper on Solar Panel Based Smart Irrigation System using GSM Moduleijtsrd
Solar powered smart irrigation systems are very useful for farmers.Solar energy has emerged as viable source of renewable energy over the past few decades and is now used for various applications such as emergency lighting, water heaters, and industrial application. It is a cheap source of energy. Thesystem consists of water pump which is solar powered with a moisture sensor used for automatic water flow control, light ambient sensor, Temperature sensorand GSM technology.It has mainly working in two modes i.e. manual mode and automatic mode. We have provide a switch which controls that modeIn this RF transmitter and RF receiver will be used to operate the overall system. A polar single axis solar panel tracker is implemented andit has an adjustable horizontal motor controlled axisandfixed vertical axis. If 2 to 3 degrees of misalignment happens then the tracker will correct its position and prevents wastage of power by continuously running motor. The light intensity of the two LDR is compared and according to the higher intensity of LDR the rotation of solar panel is decided and it is adjusted.To prevent the panel from rotating 360-° the stepper motor will have overturn triggers. Prof. Madhav Thigale | Aniket Gholap | Rohit Alate | Akash Padman"A Review Paper on Solar Panel Based Smart Irrigation System using GSM Module" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-6 , October 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5804.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/5804/a-review-paper-on-solar-panel-based-smart-irrigation-system-using-gsm-module/prof-madhav-thigale
Importance of eco friendly technologies
Global warming : Indian prospective
Fallout of chemical rains
Centralized irrigation monitoring
Internet of things (IOT)
Cross platform app
Open source integrated development environment
These panels are designed with solar cells composed of semiconductor materials.
The main function of Solar panels is to convert solar energy into DC electrical energy generally of 12V, which is further used for the rest of the circuit. The number of cells required and their size depends on the rating of the load.
The collection of solar cells can produce maximum electricity. But, the solar panel must place exactly at right angles to the sun rays.
This slide give brief idea about need of solar resource and its utilization for irrigation in India.its cost effectiveness.Dayton Power have such water pumping solution to serve Indian farmer in best way.
Smart and automated control of water level, temperature and purification (1)Upamanyu Ray
Water is the most important of Nature’s gift to mankind, especially now with endangerment of freshwater. Without water, there is no life. So, water management should reduce its wastage. As a first step, this controller will automatically switch ON and OFF the domestic water pump system depending on the water tank and underground sump levels (to prevent dry run). Along with that, the system purifies and heats the water (to a soothing lukewarm). In this paperwork, we made an effort to design a costeffective and complete system using Arduino, Ultrasonic transducers, Zeolite Solution, Temperature and Humidity transducers, for water level indication, temperature control and water purification. The Arduino controls the storage level of water in a tank, its heating and the amount of zeolite mixed through SPST relays, without any wastage of water or power.
Keywords: Water, Management, Arduino, Ultrasonic, Relay, Temperature, Zeolite, Purification
Recycling of Industrial Waste Water for the Generation of Electricity by Regu...IJAAS Team
The paper focuses on generating the renewable energy source from industrial waste water effluents. Utilizing the industrial waste water in order to generate electricity, a flow control sensor has been installed at the outlet of the tunnel which passes the waste water to the turbine. As per the need, the generation of electricity varies with respect to the flow through the use of flow control sensor. The generated electricity is then used for powering the street lights, gardening and run-way paths, during night time. The flow control sensor when integrated using IoT and cloud storage facilitates efficiency and scalability thereby providing massive utilization of energy usage.
IoT Based Water Management and Supervision SystemKaushik Gupta
Final Year Project
IoT Based Water Management and Supervision System -2019
Certification: Thakur Polytechnic
More Details on https://www.kaushikgupta.in
Rural engineering process : Development of farms by automationShashank Kapoor
Hi All, In this Project we have used Arduino Microcontroller and Raspberry pi as processor for automation control of watering of fields and monitor through IOT devices, we have use different sensors like pumps, Humidity sensor, Temperature sensor, digital anemometer to calculate various reading like transpiration and wind velocity to get high productivity in farm fields.
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Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSE
Final
1. “SOLAR POWERED SMART IRRIGATION
SYSTEM”
A Synopsis
Submitted In Partial fulfillment for the Award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
Submitted to
RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA
BHOPAL (M.P)
Submitted by
ADITYA KUMAR SHUKLA
(0103EX151008)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
Under the Supervision of
Prof. Nand Kishore Meena
LAKSHMI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
Raisen Road, Bhopal
Session 2018-19
2. DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the Project work which is being
presented in this dissertation entitled Solar Pn partial fulfillment of
the Requirement of Degree of “BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING”
in “ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS” has been carried out at
Lakshmi Narain College Of Technology, Bhopal and is an
authentic record of my own work carried out under the guidance of
Prof. Nand Kishore Meena, Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College Of Technology,
Bhopal. The matter embodied in the Project work has not been
submitted by me for award of any other degree.
ADITYA KUMAR SHUKLA
(010EX151008)
3. LAKSHMI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL
LAKSHMI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work embodied in this project report entitled
“Solar Powered Smart Irrigation System” has been satisfactorily completed
by Aditya Kumar Shukla (0103EX151008), it is a bonafide piece of work,
carried out under my guidance in the Deptt. of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Lakshmi Narain college of Technology, Bhopal for the partial
fulfillment of the Bachelor of Engineering degree during the academic year
2018-19.
Under the supervision of
___________________
Prof. Nand Kishore Meena
Approved By
_________________________
Prof. Amol Barve
HOD EX Dept
Forwarded By
____________________
Dr. Rakesh Mowar
Principal LNCT
4. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Acknowledgement
It is our privilege to express our sincerest regards to our project
coordinator, Prof. Nand Kishore Sir for his valuable inputs, able
guidance, encouragement, whole-hearted cooperation and constructive
criticism throughout the duration of our project.
We deeply express our sincere thanks to our Head of Department Prof.
Amol Barve Sir for encouraging and allowing us to present the
project on the topic “SOLAR POWERED SMART IRRIGATION
SYSTEM” at our department premises for the partial fulfillment of the
requirements leading to the award of BE degree.
We take this opportunity to thank all our Principal Dr. Rakesh Mowar
who have directly or indirectly helped our project. We pay our respects
and love to our parents and all other family members and friends for
their love and encouragement through out our career.
Last but not the least we express our thanks to our friends for their
cooperation and support.
5. Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Table of Contents
Declaration II
Certificate III
Acknowledgement IV
Table of Contents V
Chapter 1 Abstract (1-2 )
Chapter 2 Introduction (3-4)
Chapter 3 Objective and Scope (5-6)
Chapter 4 Components and description (7-10)
Chapter 5 Literature Review (11-12)
Chapter 6 Methodology (13-19)
Chapter 7 Cost of Project (20)
Chapter 8 Conclusion and Future Scope (21-22)
References 23
7. Chapter 1
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, farmers in the agriculture field facing a lot of
problems in pouring the water into their field to keep their
crops green especially in summer season. It’s because they
don’t have a proper idea about the power availability. Even it
is available, they have to wait until the field is properly
watered. Thus, this procedure checks them to stop doing
other acts. But, there is a solution, namely “solar powered
auto irrigation system”.In the trial of solar power based
irrigation system, PV cells are used to produce electricity,
that energy is stored in rechargeable batteries.
The energy which is produced from the batteries is used for
the system operation. A water pump is used to pump the
water from a boor well to a water storage tank. This article
discusses solar powered irrigation system using solar energy.
According to the Department of Agriculture Economic
Research Service, Agriculture is a major user of ground and
surface water in the United States, accounting for
approximately 80 percent of the Nation's consumptive water
use and over 90 percent in many Western States. This paper
addresses water scarcity and food crisis by designing and
implementing a smart irrigation system. It presents the details
of a solar-powered automated irrigation system that dispenses
the exact amount of water required depending on the soil
moisture, hence minimizing the waste of water.
A network of sensor nodes is used to collect the humidity
and temperature of the soil which is transmitted to a remote
8. station. This data will be analyzed and used to remotely
control the amount of water dispensed by solenoid valves.
The designed project is currently operating at the university-
owned agricultural experimental research station. The system
can be tailored to the type of food or crop being grown.
The design team incorporated the theory of digital control
and feedback systems, and digital communication in the
design and implementation of this project. The automated
drip irrigation system will help reduce the problems
associated with water waste in farming, avoid evaporation,
and as a result increase food crop production.
9. Chapter 2
INTRODUCTION
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
, estimates that agriculture accounts for 70% of all water
consumption, compared to 20% for industry and 10% for
domestic. Critical need therefore exists to implement water
conservation practices in agriculture. There is an urgent need
to create strategies based on science and technology for
sustainable use of water, including technical, agronomic,
managerial, and institutional improvements.
The objective of this project is to develop a system that will
minimize the waste of water in an Agricultural Experiment
Station farm. The smart system developed uses automated
drip irrigation and uses the exact water required depending on
the soil moisture. The farm site has greenhouses, crops and
administration houses. The automated system collects data
from the humidity, temperature, flow sensor, and soil
moisture sensors. The data collected is sent Page 26.454.2
wirelessly to the cloud. The system is operated in two modes,
either in a closed loop control mode where the
microcontroller operates the opening and closing of the
solenoid valve for the required amount of water needed for
the crops, based on the average soil moisture reading, or the
agronomist remotely use the cloud data to trigger a channel
by writing a specific value.
The link located below the channel is assigned to turn on and
off a solenoid valve. Sensor data are collected using wireless
communication to avoid loose running signal wires and
10. cables in the field. This is a one semester senior capstone
project, involving four electrical engineering students. Senior
Capstone Projects represent the culmination of the
educational experience, integrating the classroom with real
world problems.
The students handle open ended engineering problems whose
solutions require a synthesis of engineering knowledge,
analysis, creativity, market needs, safety and esthetics.
Projects are carried out by students and supervised by
instructors and industry mentors.
11. Chapter 3
OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE
The main objective of this project was to design a small scale
irrigated system that would use water in more well-organized
way in order to prevent excess water loss and minimize the
cost of labor.The following aspects were considered in the
choice of design solution Installation cost• Water saving•
Human intervention• Reliability• Power consumption•
Maintenance• Expandability• A critical Consideration in the
segment costs, since cost define the viability and feasibility
of a project. The water saving was also an important feature,
since there is demand to decrease Research Article Volume 7
Issue No.4 International Journal of Engineering Science and
Computing, April 2017 10720 http://ijesc.org/ water loss and
to Maximize the efficiency used. The Power consumption
must also be monitored.
What is an Irrigation System?
The term “Irrigation system” is mainly a way to give water to
the crops. In the field of agriculture, it is very important to
deliver water to crops in case of lack of rain and water under
the earth. It is very significant to give proper water to crops to
make their progress effective. Therefore, this system is used
to offer proper water to crops and lands.
12. What is an Auto Irrigation System?
The auto irrigation system is very significant in the
agriculture field. In the field of agriculture, it is very
important to maintain the water level or wetness in the soil.
Excess or lack of water may damage the progress of plants
which results in loss of farmers. To overcome this problem,
the proposed system is designed. This system keeps
information about the level of moisture in the soil and keeps
moisture to acceptable limits. The level of moisture can be
measured using a sensor namely moisture sensor.According
to the level of measured moisture, the water pump switches
ON or OFF.
What is Solar Power Auto Irrigation System?
As we know that it is very difficult in agriculture field to
control the water pump manually. One has to visit in fields to
switch ON and OFF. In worldwide, where electricity is the
main problem, villagers frequently don’t have the electricity.
In that situation, solar energy is used to give the power to
water pumps. In this type of irrigation system, the solar
charge controller is employed to store DC power of solar
panels in batteries. This battery is used to give the power
supply to water pumps automatically.
Solar powered auto irrigation system work in the sunlight.
When the sun shines the water, pumping process is a
sensible way of solar energy use throughout the summer, as
the water need is the highest. The water pump which is used
will provide a reliable water source for plantation. For any
solar based water pumping system, the ability to drive water
is a function of three variables like pressure, power, and
pressure. These three essential components are used in this
solar powered auto irrigation system. An example project of
13. the above information is solar powered auto irrigation
system, and a description of this project is described below.
CHAPTER 4
COMPONENTS AND THEIR DESCRIPTIONS
Hardware Requirements
8051 series Microcontroller
Solar Panels
PV Panels
Charge Conrollers
Operational amplifier
Inverter and Batteries
Relay
Water Pump
Voltage Regulator
Diodes, Capacitors, Resistors
LED
Crystal
Transistor
14. Software Requirements:
C language
Descriptions
Solar Panel
Solar panels are designed with solar cells collected of
semiconductor
materials. The main
function of solar
panel is to convert
solar energy into DC
electrical energy
(generally of 12V).
The required number
of cells and also their
size depends on the
rating of the load. The group of solar cells can generate
maximum electricity. But, the solar panel must place closely
at accurate angles to the sun rays.
The Source
Water sources are available in different forms like drilled
wells, springs, ponds, rivers, etc.
15. The PV Panels
The PV (photo
voltaic) cells
basically depend
on the size of the
water pump. A
panel values in
watts of power it
can generate. This
system should be worked with a PV array of capacity, and
measured under some typical test conditions. A sufficient of
modules in series and parallel could be used to acquire the
necessary photo voltaic power array power o/p. The PV
modules o/p power which is used in the PV array under
typical test conditions must be a min of 74 watts peak.
Charge Controller
In any solar-power system, a charge controller is an essential
device, used to maintain correct charging voltages of the
batteries. The charge controller function is to control the
voltage and current from the solar panel. It charges the
battery and also stops the battery charging from over voltage
and under voltage situations.
Battery
16. The Battery is an electric device, used to store solar energy
and supplied to the equivalent loads. The usage of batteries
depends on the load requirement.
Inverter
The main function of the inverter is to convert the
voltage of the battery to AC voltage in order to start the
loads. So, it helps us to run several electronic devices,
home appliances, computers, etc. There are various
types of inverters existing in the market today. The
characteristics of usual inverters include high
conversion frequency, less harmonic content, and high
switching frequency, so on.
Power Supply
The power supply of this project comprises of a step-down
transformer, voltage regulator, bridge rectifier. Where the
step-down transformer steps down the 230 volts to 12
17. volts AC, and a bridge rectifier changes alternating current to
direct current, then a voltage regulator adjusts the voltage to
5V which is used for the operation of the microcontroller. In
this proposed system, solar energy is used to trigger the
irrigation pump. This project is built with sensor parts, which
are collected using operational amplifier IC. These are
designed here as a comparator.
Chapter 5
LITERATURE REVIEW
In this report, soil moisture sensor, temperature sensors
positioned in root zone of plant and opening unit handles the
sensor info and transmit data to a web submission. One
algorithm was developed for measure threshold values of
temperature sensor and soil moisture sensor that was planned
into a microcontroller to control water amount. For power
photovoltaic panel was used. Another facto like
cellularInternet interface used that allowable for data
assessment and irrigation planning to be programmed through
a web page.
The automatic system was tested for 30 days and save 90%
compared with modern irrigation system. Because of its
energy autonomy and low price, the system has the possible
to be valuable in water limited geologically isolated zone. In
this paper, soil moisture content has been sensed using
acoustic based technique was developed.
The main propose of this technique is growth for measure
soil moisture in real time method. The technique based on
association between two quantities i.e. speed of sound and the
degree of permeation with water in soils.
18. This experiment found that the speed of sound reductions
with the moisture content following, contingent on the kind
of soil This paper design a model of automatic irrigation
arrangement which is based on microcontroller and solar
power was used only for source of power supply.
Several sensor are placed in paddy field. Sensors sense water
level unceasingly and give the data to farmer through cellular
phone. Farmer controls the motor without going in paddy
field. If the water level reaches at danger level, routinely
motor will be off without conformation of farmer.
19. Chapter 6
METHODOLOGY
Block Diagram of Solar Power Auto Irrigation
System
The main objective of this solar powered auto irrigation
system is to develop an irrigation system in the agriculture
field with the help of Solar Energy. The required electrical
and electronic components of this proposed system are Solar
Panel, 8051 series Microcontroller, water pump, an
20. operational amplifier, LCD, Relay, MOSFET(Metal oxide
Semiconductor FET), Motor, Diodes, Voltage Regulator,
Resistors, Capacitors, LED, Crystal and also Transistors.
System description
Proposed irrigation system mainly consists of two modules-
Solar pumping module and automatic irrigation module. In
solar pumping module a solar panel of required specification
is mounted near the pump set.
Then using a control circuit it is used to charge a battery.
From the battery using a converter circuit it gives power to the
water pump which is submerged inside the well. Then the water is
pumped into an overhead tank for storing water temporarily before
releasing the water into the field. In automatic irrigation module
the water outlet valve of the tank is electronically controlled by a
soil moisture sensing circuit. The sensor is placed in the field
where the crop is being cultivated. The sensor converts the
moisture content in the soil into equivalent voltage. This is given
to a sensing circuit which has a reference voltage that can be
adjusted by the farmer for setting different moisture levels for
different crops. The amount of water needed for soil is
proportional to the difference of these two voltages. A control
signal was given to a stepper motor whose rotational angle is
proportional to the difference in voltage. The stepper motor in
turns controls the crosssectional area of the valve to be opened
controlling flow of water. Therefore the amount of water flowing
is proportional to the moisture difference.
21. Implementation
For the implementation of the proposed system we are using a 2
HP water pump and various modules which are designed and
fabricated separately and then finally they are assembled together
to implement the proposed system. Solar energy is harnessed
using solar panel PVL-68 that generates 53W at Nominal
Operating Cell Temperature. It is 24V, amorphous silicon type
solar cell. Specification of the solar panel selected: Array capacity
--240Wp Irradiance – 580 W/m2 Open circuit voltage – 18.1 V
Short circuit current – 3.98 A Load test on a solar panel have been
conducted and its maximum and minimum values is tabulated
Design of converter and battery specification
An inverter is designed with a DC input of 230V D.C which is
generated from 12V D.C using a boost converter. Sine PWM
22. technique is applied to generate 230V A.C. The inverter circuit
fabricated is shown in Fig. 4. As far as battery is concerned we are
using a battery with 12V, 100Ah capacity for a 2HP pump.
Moisture sensor module
A moisture sensor is used to sense the level of moisture
content present in the irrigation field. It has a level detection
module in which we can set a reference value. This circuit
can be used with analog probes that produce a voltage
proportional to soil moisture such as VG400 probe shown
in Fig. 3. The moisture content of the soil is found by using
the soil moisture sensor such as VG400 which produces an
equivalent output voltage proportional to the conductivity
between the two probes.
Automatic valve regulation
For an automatic valve control we are using a stepper motor
as an actuator control of the valve whichis connected to
theoutlet
valve of the
tank. With
the help of
moisture
sensor
signaland a
controller, a
control pulses is given to the driver circuit that excites the
stepper motor. So this way the outlet valve is slowly opened
or closed depending upon the amount of moisture present in
the soil of the field. When the soil moisture content reaches
23. the required value, the valve is fully closed and power to
driver circuit is killed and controller is put into sleep mode
for low power consumption. When the moisture in soil is
dried and reach a minimum cut-off value, the controller
comes out of sleep mode and flow of water is regulated. This
way the whole system works automatically.
Energy Use in Irrigation
Irrigation
requires a
significant
expenditure of
fossil energy
both for
pumping and
delivering
water to crops.
Annually in
the U.S., it is estimated that 15% of the total energy
expended for all crop production is used to pump irrigation
water . Overall the amount of energy consumed in irrigated
crop production is substantially greater than that expended
for rain fed crops .
Solar energy is the most abundant source of energy in the
world. Solar power is not only an answer to today’s energy
crisis but also an environmental friendly form of energy.
Photovoltaic generation is an efficient approach for using the
solar energy.
One of the applications of this technology is used in
irrigation systems for farming. Solar powered irrigation
system can be a suitable alternative for farmers in this
present state of energy crisis. This is a green way for energy
production which provides free energy after the system is
24. developed. The Photovoltaic Page 26.454.3 energy
generation system used in this project for powering the
automated drip irrigation system is configured as shown in
Figure 1.
Soil Moisture Sensor Nodes:
Soil moisture sensors measure the water content in soil.
Measuring soil moisture is important in agriculture to help
farmers manage their irrigation systems more efficiently. Not
only are farmers
able to generally
use less water to
grow a crop, they
are able to increase
yields and the
quality of the crop
by better
management of soil
moisture during
critical plant
growth stages.
After inserting a probe into the soil for approximately 60
25. seconds a meter indicates if the soil is too dry, moist or wet
for plants. The sensor reads the amount of moisture in the
soil. The soil moisture sensors used in this project are the
solar powered SHT1x sensor series ICs from Sensirion
Figure 2
Chapter 7
26. Cost of Components
Product Used Price(in Rs)
Solar Panels
(subsidized by govt.)
Battery 450
LCD 200
Microcontroller 200
Motor 80
Soil sensor 5
Capacitor 150
LED 5
Relay 5
Transistor 10
Inverter 150
Charge Controller 180
Crystal & Resistors 10
Total:- Rs. 1445
If unsubsidized
Chapter 8
27. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE
In this, the design and implementation of a smart irrigation
system, powered by solar energy was presented. The design
uses an automatic irrigation system that can be tailored to
Page 26.454.14 the type of food crop being grown. The
designed project is currently operating at the universityowned
agricultural experimental research station.
The main applications for this project are for farmers and
gardeners who do not have abundant time to water
theircrops/plants. It also covers those farmers who are
wasteful of water during irrigation. The project can be
extended togreenhouses where manual management is far and
few in between. The principle can be extended to create
completelyautomated gardens and farmlands. Collective with
the principle of rain water harvesting, it could lead to
massivewater savings if applied in the right way. In
agricultural International Journal of Engineering Science and
Computing, April 2017 10722 / lands with severe shortage of
rainfall, this model can beeffectively applied to attain great
results with most types of soil.
APPLICATIONS
Irrigation can be completed in fields, gardens, farms etc. It is
effective for diversities of crops. This application can be used
for patient monitoring. The software application developed
for this system can be used for domestic works such as tank
storage. This system can be functioned automatically as well
as manually.
FUTURE SCOPE
28. Rain gun sensor can be added so that when it rains there
won’t be floods and this shield the field and evades floods.
Rain water harvesting can be done and this harvested water
can be used to moisten fields. Hooters can be used so that it
gives siren at various occasions such as interruption
detection, floods etc. Using IR sensors any object passing
into fields can be detected and warned.
RESULT
Irrigation becomes easy, accurate and practical with the
impression above shared and can be executed in agricultural
fields in future to endorse agriculture to next level. The
output from moisture sensor and level system plays vide role
in producing the output.
REFERENCES/BIBLOGRAPHY