This document provides an overview of rabbit production. It discusses the types of rabbits used for meat production, their housing and feeding needs, and basic reproduction. Rabbits can provide meat and wool. While not widely consumed in the US, rabbit meat production has benefits as a small-scale livestock option. The document outlines management practices and some common health issues to consider in rabbitry.
Poultry response, behavior and thermoregulation under heat stressEng. Mohammad Alsaleh
This document discusses the effects of heat stress on the thermoregulation and response of poultry such as broilers and layer hens. It defines heat stress and outlines the normal body temperature and thermal neutral zone for poultry. It then explains how poultry use thermoregulation to maintain their body temperature under heat stress conditions through behaviors like reducing activity and feed intake as well as physiological responses like increased respiration and diverting blood flow. The conclusion emphasizes that heat stress is a major challenge for poultry production in hot climates and understanding their thermoregulation and responses can help improve management practices.
This document provides information on various poultry diseases including Aspergillosis, Marek's Disease, Infectious Anaemia, and Inclusion Body Hepatitis. Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by Aspergillus fumigatus transmitted through contaminated litter or feed. Marek's Disease is a herpes virus causing weight loss, paralysis, and tumors. Infectious Anaemia is caused by Chicken Anaemia Virus transmitted vertically or horizontally causing anaemia and mortality under 3 weeks. Inclusion Body Hepatitis is caused by avian adenovirus potentially accompanied by other diseases, affecting birds 5-7 weeks with liver lesions and immunosuppression.
This document discusses equine nutrition and digestive physiology. Key points include:
- Horses are hindgut fermenters with a large cecum that requires a slow transition between diets. Improper feeding can cause digestive issues like colic.
- Proper dental care, grazing time, and small frequent meals are important for digestion. Changes should be gradual to avoid problems.
- Nutritional needs vary depending on a horse's life stage, from foals to aging horses. Macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals must be balanced accordingly.
- Feeding management can help prevent conditions like laminitis, azoturia, and deficiencies. Sudden diet changes or neglect can compromise a horse's
Managing Disease and Paracites of LivestockeAfghanAg
1. Recognizing signs of illness in animals is important for animal health and farm operations. Common signs include changes in behavior, appetite, bodily functions or appearance.
2. Some diseases can be transmitted between animals and humans, called zoonotic diseases. Diseases such as rabies, tuberculosis and brucellosis pose risks.
3. Preventing disease is the best approach and involves practices like vaccination, sanitation, ventilation, pasture rotation and proper carcass disposal. Treating sick animals also requires understanding administration of drugs, restraint techniques and knowing when a veterinarian's help is needed.
This document discusses blood transfusion in animals. It covers the basics of blood transfusion including indications, components transfused, blood typing and donor selection. It then discusses specific details regarding canine, feline, equine and bovine blood groups. It also covers cross-matching, collection sites, dose calculation, transfusion procedures and potential complications. The key aspects are blood typing and donor selection to avoid transfusion reactions, and monitoring for side effects during and after transfusion.
Fowl typhoid is a septicemic acute or chronic disease of domesticated birds.
The disease is worldwide distributed and natural outbreaks occur in chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, peafowl, duckling and game birds such as quail, grouse and pheasant.
This can cause mortality in birds of any age.
Broiler parents and brown-shell egg layers are especially susceptible.
This document provides an overview of rabbit production. It discusses the types of rabbits used for meat production, their housing and feeding needs, and basic reproduction. Rabbits can provide meat and wool. While not widely consumed in the US, rabbit meat production has benefits as a small-scale livestock option. The document outlines management practices and some common health issues to consider in rabbitry.
Poultry response, behavior and thermoregulation under heat stressEng. Mohammad Alsaleh
This document discusses the effects of heat stress on the thermoregulation and response of poultry such as broilers and layer hens. It defines heat stress and outlines the normal body temperature and thermal neutral zone for poultry. It then explains how poultry use thermoregulation to maintain their body temperature under heat stress conditions through behaviors like reducing activity and feed intake as well as physiological responses like increased respiration and diverting blood flow. The conclusion emphasizes that heat stress is a major challenge for poultry production in hot climates and understanding their thermoregulation and responses can help improve management practices.
This document provides information on various poultry diseases including Aspergillosis, Marek's Disease, Infectious Anaemia, and Inclusion Body Hepatitis. Aspergillosis is a fungal infection caused by Aspergillus fumigatus transmitted through contaminated litter or feed. Marek's Disease is a herpes virus causing weight loss, paralysis, and tumors. Infectious Anaemia is caused by Chicken Anaemia Virus transmitted vertically or horizontally causing anaemia and mortality under 3 weeks. Inclusion Body Hepatitis is caused by avian adenovirus potentially accompanied by other diseases, affecting birds 5-7 weeks with liver lesions and immunosuppression.
This document discusses equine nutrition and digestive physiology. Key points include:
- Horses are hindgut fermenters with a large cecum that requires a slow transition between diets. Improper feeding can cause digestive issues like colic.
- Proper dental care, grazing time, and small frequent meals are important for digestion. Changes should be gradual to avoid problems.
- Nutritional needs vary depending on a horse's life stage, from foals to aging horses. Macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals must be balanced accordingly.
- Feeding management can help prevent conditions like laminitis, azoturia, and deficiencies. Sudden diet changes or neglect can compromise a horse's
Managing Disease and Paracites of LivestockeAfghanAg
1. Recognizing signs of illness in animals is important for animal health and farm operations. Common signs include changes in behavior, appetite, bodily functions or appearance.
2. Some diseases can be transmitted between animals and humans, called zoonotic diseases. Diseases such as rabies, tuberculosis and brucellosis pose risks.
3. Preventing disease is the best approach and involves practices like vaccination, sanitation, ventilation, pasture rotation and proper carcass disposal. Treating sick animals also requires understanding administration of drugs, restraint techniques and knowing when a veterinarian's help is needed.
This document discusses blood transfusion in animals. It covers the basics of blood transfusion including indications, components transfused, blood typing and donor selection. It then discusses specific details regarding canine, feline, equine and bovine blood groups. It also covers cross-matching, collection sites, dose calculation, transfusion procedures and potential complications. The key aspects are blood typing and donor selection to avoid transfusion reactions, and monitoring for side effects during and after transfusion.
Fowl typhoid is a septicemic acute or chronic disease of domesticated birds.
The disease is worldwide distributed and natural outbreaks occur in chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, peafowl, duckling and game birds such as quail, grouse and pheasant.
This can cause mortality in birds of any age.
Broiler parents and brown-shell egg layers are especially susceptible.
Moulting is the periodic replacement of feathers by shedding old feathers while producing new ones. Adult birds moult at least once per year, and some moult twice or three times per year. The main factors that cause moulting are physical exhaustion, completion of the laying cycle, and reduction in day length. Moulting is a gradual process where birds rarely shed all feathers at once to maintain temperature regulation and repel moisture. Forced moulting of commercial hens involves withdrawing food and water for 7-14 days to cause weight loss and stimulate feather loss to restart egg production, while natural moulting is slower and more erratic.
This document discusses feeding management of poultry. It begins by stating that India ranks 3rd in egg production and 4th in broiler production globally. It then discusses the six major classes of nutrients needed in poultry feed: carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. The document goes on to describe energy and protein requirements, types of protein supplements, mineral requirements including calcium and phosphorus, and vitamin requirements and deficiency diseases. It also discusses factors that affect feed intake and efficiency. Finally, it outlines feeding practices for broiler chickens and layers at different stages.
Impacts of heat stress on poultry productionOssama Motawae
Heat stress negatively impacts poultry production in several ways. It causes behavioral changes where birds spend less time feeding and more time resting. Physiologically, it disrupts reproductive hormones and growth rates. It also suppresses the immune system by reducing organ weights and antibody responses. In terms of production, heat stress decreases feed intake, body weight, egg production, and meat quality. It results in estimated annual economic losses of $1.69-2.36 billion to the US poultry industry.
Artificial insemination in poultry involves introducing male germ cells into the female reproductive tract mechanically. It is commonly used in turkeys and broiler breeders due to their size. Semen is collected from males starting at 22-24 weeks of age. A single male can provide 0.4-1 ml of semen and can be used to inseminate 5-10 hens. The semen is diluted at a 1:2 ratio before insemination into the hen's vagina using a syringe. Proper collection, handling, and placement of semen is required to achieve successful artificial insemination in poultry.
The document discusses biosecurity and disease management for small ruminants. It provides 10 steps for maintaining biosecurity on the farm, including keeping a closed flock/herd, quarantining new animals, restricting traffic, and implementing vaccination and parasite control programs. It also discusses disease prevention through proper nutrition, facilities and a relationship with a veterinarian. For disease management, it covers common diseases like CL, footrot, parasites and recommends integrated approaches using management, genetics and targeted use of dewormers.
- Duck farming is an important part of poultry farming in India, accounting for about 10% of total poultry population. Ducks are prolific layers, producing 15-20 more eggs than backyard chickens. They also have a long productive life.
- Common duck breeds for egg production include Khaki Campbell, which can lay 300 eggs per year. The White Pekin breed is commonly raised for meat. Ducks are hardy and can thrive in scavenging conditions or integrated farming systems.
- Common diseases include Duck virus enteritis, Duck virus hepatitis, Salmonellosis, and Pasteurellosis. Proper vaccination, sanitation and antibiotic treatment can help control disease outbreaks. A
This document discusses amino acids in broilers and layers. It provides information on essential, non-essential, and semi-essential amino acids. The first limiting amino acid in poultry diets is typically methionine, while the second limiting is lysine. Studies have shown that protein levels can be reduced in broiler and layer diets by balancing amino acids, especially lysine and methionine levels. Reducing protein to around 15-16% in broilers and 14% in layers is possible with a minimum of 0.7% lysine supplementation. Properly balancing amino acids allows for more efficient feed utilization and production performance with lower dietary protein levels.
The document discusses various types of behaviors exhibited by sheep and goats, including feeding, social, sexual, parental, sleeping, excretory, exploratory, and aggressive behaviors. It provides details on how sheep typically graze on short grasses while goats prefer to browse leaves, twigs, and vines. Social behaviors include animals associating in groups with a leader. Parental behaviors involve caring for offspring. Management strategies can regulate animal behaviors through training, control of movement, and use of facilities.
This document provides information on de-worming and vaccination schedules for various livestock. For poultry, it recommends de-worming chicks with piperazine every month from 1-4 months at increasing doses, and adults once per month with 10 drops of piperazine. For pigs, goats and cattle, it recommends de-worming calves and kids once per month from 1-5 months of age, and adults every 3 months. The document also lists vaccination schedules, recommending vaccines for diseases like Ranikhet and pox in poultry, swine fever and FMD in pigs annually or every 6 months, and BQ, HS, anthrax and FMD annually or every 6 months in
Water is the most important nutrient for animals after oxygen, making up 50-95% of an animal's body. It serves many essential functions like regulating temperature, transporting nutrients, and excreting waste. Sources of water include drinking water, feed moisture, and metabolic water produced during digestion. Requirements vary by species, age, production level, and environment, but on average cattle need 30-40 kg daily. Homeostasis maintains water balance through hormones like ADH that influence urine production and salt appetite mechanisms involving aldosterone to regulate sodium and water retention. Toxic elements in water can harm animals if total dissolved solids exceed 3,000 mg/liter.
Internal and external parasites prof.dr Hamed Attiahamed attia
This document discusses diseases caused by parasites in livestock. It covers:
1) The main causes of parasitic diseases which are internal parasites like trematodes, nematodes, and cestodes, as well as external parasites like ticks, lice, and mites.
2) Predisposing factors like poor nutrition, housing management, and anemia that increase susceptibility.
3) The pathological damage parasites can cause through mechanical damage, obstruction, pressure, and depletion of the host's resources.
4) Methods of control including good nutrition, housing management, protective treatment, and seasonal treatment.
5) Various drugs used to treat internal and external parasites in livestock and their indications, dosages, and administration routes.
An overview of Inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (IBH-HPS) a...Dr.Kedar Karki
IBH/HPS is an acute infectious disease characterized by typical hydropericardium, severe anaemia, necrotic hepatitis and high mortality. In natural outbreaks, the affected birds may not exhibit any clinical signs (Jaffery, 1988) except sudden heavy mortality (Ravikumar et al., 1997). Mortality rates in various outbreaks range from 15- 60% (Asrani et al., 1997).
This document provides information on feedstuffs and their classification into 8 categories according to their primary nutrient. It then discusses the nutrition of swine, sheep, and goats. For each species, it covers their nutritional requirements for energy, protein, minerals, vitamins and water. It describes common energy and protein source feedstuffs and some nutritional diseases for each species. Feeding management practices are also summarized for each life stage of swine, sheep and goat production.
This document discusses maintaining hoof health in small ruminants. It notes that hoof health can affect animal performance, disease resistance, and welfare. Three primary hoof diseases are identified: foot scald, foot rot, and foot abscesses. Foot rot is highly contagious and difficult to eradicate, requiring isolation of infected animals, treatment, and culling of animals that do not respond to treatment. The document provides information on proper hoof trimming techniques and equipment, treatment and prevention of foot rot, and emphasizes the importance of biosecurity to prevent introduction and spread of foot rot.
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of the intestinal tract caused by coccidian protozoa. It spreads through contact with infected feces and causes diarrhea. While most infected animals are asymptomatic, young or immunocompromised animals can suffer severe symptoms and death. The disease is common in confined poultry operations where oocysts contaminate the environment. Several species of Eimeria cause distinct lesions in different parts of the intestines. Clinical signs range from reduced growth to high mortality. Treatment involves anticoccidial drugs while control relies on sanitation, anticoccidial medication in feed, and separating birds from droppings.
A presentation on small ruminant health by University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist Susan Schoenian. Health topics include biosecurity, the healthy
This document discusses management practices for calves, including neonatal calf care after birth, colostrum feeding, housing and environment, weaning, disease management, and vaccinations. Specifically, it emphasizes the importance of neonatal care like checking vital signs at birth, feeding colostrum in the first 24 hours to provide antibodies, providing a stress-free environment for housing, and vaccinating to protect calves due to their immature immune systems. The goal of these practices is to reduce calf mortality rates and support healthy development.
Fecal examination is commonly used to diagnose parasitic infections in animals. The process involves collecting a fresh fecal sample, preparing it using flotation or centrifugation with a flotation medium, and examining it under a microscope. Centrifugation speeds up the process by forcing heavier materials to the bottom and lighter parasite eggs to the top for easier identification. Examination of properly collected and prepared fecal samples can reveal evidence of parasitic infections and provide a diagnosis.
Water quality and management are important for optimal poultry production. Water serves many functions in the body including digestion, nutrient transport, temperature regulation, and waste elimination. Factors like feed intake, age, temperature, and electrolytes affect water consumption. Common contaminants in water like bacteria, minerals, and pollutants can negatively impact bird performance if not properly managed. Regular testing, sanitation, and filter maintenance help ensure clean drinking water.
Palestra antinflamatórios em VeterináriaLeonora Mello
O documento discute corticóides e anti-inflamatórios não hormonais. Apresenta os tipos de corticóides, como naturais e semi-sintéticos, e descreve seus mecanismos de ação, aplicações clínicas e efeitos colaterais. Também explica a biossíntese dos corticosteroides naturais e formas de minimizar os efeitos adversos dos corticóides. Por fim, discute anti-inflamatórios não hormonais, seu mecanismo de ação e classificação.
Horse Boarding Operations - What is Involved?Gwyn Shelle
My Horse University/eXtension Horse Quest live webcast on operating horse boarding facilities. Presented by Kristen Wilson, University of Maryland Extension.
Moulting is the periodic replacement of feathers by shedding old feathers while producing new ones. Adult birds moult at least once per year, and some moult twice or three times per year. The main factors that cause moulting are physical exhaustion, completion of the laying cycle, and reduction in day length. Moulting is a gradual process where birds rarely shed all feathers at once to maintain temperature regulation and repel moisture. Forced moulting of commercial hens involves withdrawing food and water for 7-14 days to cause weight loss and stimulate feather loss to restart egg production, while natural moulting is slower and more erratic.
This document discusses feeding management of poultry. It begins by stating that India ranks 3rd in egg production and 4th in broiler production globally. It then discusses the six major classes of nutrients needed in poultry feed: carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. The document goes on to describe energy and protein requirements, types of protein supplements, mineral requirements including calcium and phosphorus, and vitamin requirements and deficiency diseases. It also discusses factors that affect feed intake and efficiency. Finally, it outlines feeding practices for broiler chickens and layers at different stages.
Impacts of heat stress on poultry productionOssama Motawae
Heat stress negatively impacts poultry production in several ways. It causes behavioral changes where birds spend less time feeding and more time resting. Physiologically, it disrupts reproductive hormones and growth rates. It also suppresses the immune system by reducing organ weights and antibody responses. In terms of production, heat stress decreases feed intake, body weight, egg production, and meat quality. It results in estimated annual economic losses of $1.69-2.36 billion to the US poultry industry.
Artificial insemination in poultry involves introducing male germ cells into the female reproductive tract mechanically. It is commonly used in turkeys and broiler breeders due to their size. Semen is collected from males starting at 22-24 weeks of age. A single male can provide 0.4-1 ml of semen and can be used to inseminate 5-10 hens. The semen is diluted at a 1:2 ratio before insemination into the hen's vagina using a syringe. Proper collection, handling, and placement of semen is required to achieve successful artificial insemination in poultry.
The document discusses biosecurity and disease management for small ruminants. It provides 10 steps for maintaining biosecurity on the farm, including keeping a closed flock/herd, quarantining new animals, restricting traffic, and implementing vaccination and parasite control programs. It also discusses disease prevention through proper nutrition, facilities and a relationship with a veterinarian. For disease management, it covers common diseases like CL, footrot, parasites and recommends integrated approaches using management, genetics and targeted use of dewormers.
- Duck farming is an important part of poultry farming in India, accounting for about 10% of total poultry population. Ducks are prolific layers, producing 15-20 more eggs than backyard chickens. They also have a long productive life.
- Common duck breeds for egg production include Khaki Campbell, which can lay 300 eggs per year. The White Pekin breed is commonly raised for meat. Ducks are hardy and can thrive in scavenging conditions or integrated farming systems.
- Common diseases include Duck virus enteritis, Duck virus hepatitis, Salmonellosis, and Pasteurellosis. Proper vaccination, sanitation and antibiotic treatment can help control disease outbreaks. A
This document discusses amino acids in broilers and layers. It provides information on essential, non-essential, and semi-essential amino acids. The first limiting amino acid in poultry diets is typically methionine, while the second limiting is lysine. Studies have shown that protein levels can be reduced in broiler and layer diets by balancing amino acids, especially lysine and methionine levels. Reducing protein to around 15-16% in broilers and 14% in layers is possible with a minimum of 0.7% lysine supplementation. Properly balancing amino acids allows for more efficient feed utilization and production performance with lower dietary protein levels.
The document discusses various types of behaviors exhibited by sheep and goats, including feeding, social, sexual, parental, sleeping, excretory, exploratory, and aggressive behaviors. It provides details on how sheep typically graze on short grasses while goats prefer to browse leaves, twigs, and vines. Social behaviors include animals associating in groups with a leader. Parental behaviors involve caring for offspring. Management strategies can regulate animal behaviors through training, control of movement, and use of facilities.
This document provides information on de-worming and vaccination schedules for various livestock. For poultry, it recommends de-worming chicks with piperazine every month from 1-4 months at increasing doses, and adults once per month with 10 drops of piperazine. For pigs, goats and cattle, it recommends de-worming calves and kids once per month from 1-5 months of age, and adults every 3 months. The document also lists vaccination schedules, recommending vaccines for diseases like Ranikhet and pox in poultry, swine fever and FMD in pigs annually or every 6 months, and BQ, HS, anthrax and FMD annually or every 6 months in
Water is the most important nutrient for animals after oxygen, making up 50-95% of an animal's body. It serves many essential functions like regulating temperature, transporting nutrients, and excreting waste. Sources of water include drinking water, feed moisture, and metabolic water produced during digestion. Requirements vary by species, age, production level, and environment, but on average cattle need 30-40 kg daily. Homeostasis maintains water balance through hormones like ADH that influence urine production and salt appetite mechanisms involving aldosterone to regulate sodium and water retention. Toxic elements in water can harm animals if total dissolved solids exceed 3,000 mg/liter.
Internal and external parasites prof.dr Hamed Attiahamed attia
This document discusses diseases caused by parasites in livestock. It covers:
1) The main causes of parasitic diseases which are internal parasites like trematodes, nematodes, and cestodes, as well as external parasites like ticks, lice, and mites.
2) Predisposing factors like poor nutrition, housing management, and anemia that increase susceptibility.
3) The pathological damage parasites can cause through mechanical damage, obstruction, pressure, and depletion of the host's resources.
4) Methods of control including good nutrition, housing management, protective treatment, and seasonal treatment.
5) Various drugs used to treat internal and external parasites in livestock and their indications, dosages, and administration routes.
An overview of Inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (IBH-HPS) a...Dr.Kedar Karki
IBH/HPS is an acute infectious disease characterized by typical hydropericardium, severe anaemia, necrotic hepatitis and high mortality. In natural outbreaks, the affected birds may not exhibit any clinical signs (Jaffery, 1988) except sudden heavy mortality (Ravikumar et al., 1997). Mortality rates in various outbreaks range from 15- 60% (Asrani et al., 1997).
This document provides information on feedstuffs and their classification into 8 categories according to their primary nutrient. It then discusses the nutrition of swine, sheep, and goats. For each species, it covers their nutritional requirements for energy, protein, minerals, vitamins and water. It describes common energy and protein source feedstuffs and some nutritional diseases for each species. Feeding management practices are also summarized for each life stage of swine, sheep and goat production.
This document discusses maintaining hoof health in small ruminants. It notes that hoof health can affect animal performance, disease resistance, and welfare. Three primary hoof diseases are identified: foot scald, foot rot, and foot abscesses. Foot rot is highly contagious and difficult to eradicate, requiring isolation of infected animals, treatment, and culling of animals that do not respond to treatment. The document provides information on proper hoof trimming techniques and equipment, treatment and prevention of foot rot, and emphasizes the importance of biosecurity to prevent introduction and spread of foot rot.
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of the intestinal tract caused by coccidian protozoa. It spreads through contact with infected feces and causes diarrhea. While most infected animals are asymptomatic, young or immunocompromised animals can suffer severe symptoms and death. The disease is common in confined poultry operations where oocysts contaminate the environment. Several species of Eimeria cause distinct lesions in different parts of the intestines. Clinical signs range from reduced growth to high mortality. Treatment involves anticoccidial drugs while control relies on sanitation, anticoccidial medication in feed, and separating birds from droppings.
A presentation on small ruminant health by University of Maryland Extension Sheep & Goat Specialist Susan Schoenian. Health topics include biosecurity, the healthy
This document discusses management practices for calves, including neonatal calf care after birth, colostrum feeding, housing and environment, weaning, disease management, and vaccinations. Specifically, it emphasizes the importance of neonatal care like checking vital signs at birth, feeding colostrum in the first 24 hours to provide antibodies, providing a stress-free environment for housing, and vaccinating to protect calves due to their immature immune systems. The goal of these practices is to reduce calf mortality rates and support healthy development.
Fecal examination is commonly used to diagnose parasitic infections in animals. The process involves collecting a fresh fecal sample, preparing it using flotation or centrifugation with a flotation medium, and examining it under a microscope. Centrifugation speeds up the process by forcing heavier materials to the bottom and lighter parasite eggs to the top for easier identification. Examination of properly collected and prepared fecal samples can reveal evidence of parasitic infections and provide a diagnosis.
Water quality and management are important for optimal poultry production. Water serves many functions in the body including digestion, nutrient transport, temperature regulation, and waste elimination. Factors like feed intake, age, temperature, and electrolytes affect water consumption. Common contaminants in water like bacteria, minerals, and pollutants can negatively impact bird performance if not properly managed. Regular testing, sanitation, and filter maintenance help ensure clean drinking water.
Palestra antinflamatórios em VeterináriaLeonora Mello
O documento discute corticóides e anti-inflamatórios não hormonais. Apresenta os tipos de corticóides, como naturais e semi-sintéticos, e descreve seus mecanismos de ação, aplicações clínicas e efeitos colaterais. Também explica a biossíntese dos corticosteroides naturais e formas de minimizar os efeitos adversos dos corticóides. Por fim, discute anti-inflamatórios não hormonais, seu mecanismo de ação e classificação.
Horse Boarding Operations - What is Involved?Gwyn Shelle
My Horse University/eXtension Horse Quest live webcast on operating horse boarding facilities. Presented by Kristen Wilson, University of Maryland Extension.
Taxes and Finance: Structuring Your Horse Business to SucceedGwyn Shelle
A presentation from the Equine Business Conference presented by Michigan State University, University of Minnesota, University of Nebraska, and Iowa State University, and partly funded by the North Central Regional Center for Rural Development. Presenter: Michelle Greenlee, Farm Financial Consultant.
This document provides information on caring for horses during the winter months. It discusses housing, blanketing, clipping, nutrition, exercise, and health considerations. Regarding housing, it notes that horses do not need stalls but should have shelter, and stalls require proper ventilation and cleaning. It provides guidelines for blanketing based on weather and activity level. Nutrition discusses increasing calories and water intake in winter. Exercise addresses turning horses out daily and riding outdoors when possible. Health focuses on vaccinations and parasite control.
O documento discute vários tipos de alterações patológicas do sistema digestório, incluindo:
1) Anomalias congênitas e adquiridas do intestino, como atresias e estenoses, assim como causas de obstrução intestinal como hérnias, aderências e intussuscepção.
2) Enterites bacterianas, virais e parasitárias que acometem diferentes espécies animais como bovinos, suínos e equinos.
3) Neoplasias intestinais como pólipos, adenocarcinoma e linfomas.
MHU/HQ September 2012: Digestive AnatomyGwyn Shelle
This document summarizes a presentation on equine digestive anatomy and why horses are fed the way they are. The presentation covered the foregut and hindgut digestive systems of horses, including the mouth, stomach, intestines and cecum. It discussed the functions of these organs and how different feeds are digested. The presentation provided guidelines for feeding horses, including recommendations to feed at least 1% of the horse's body weight in forage daily and gradually change feeds. It also reviewed common feeds like pasture, hay, grains and their nutritional profiles.
O documento resume os principais mediadores inflamatórios e os mecanismos de ação dos antiinflamatórios não esteroidais (AINES). Os principais mediadores são aminas bioativas, citocinas, eicosanóides e moléculas de adesão. Os AINES atuam inibindo as ciclooxigenases COX-1 e COX-2, reduzindo a formação de prostaglandinas. Exemplos de AINES são o ácido acetilsalicílico, ibuprofeno e corticoesteroides.
The document provides instructions for creating an ePortfolio using the D2L platform. It explains that upon completing the training, users will be able to create their own ePortfolio, share it with others both within and outside of Michigan State University, and collaborate with others on shared ePortfolios. The document defines some key terminology related to ePortfolios in D2L, such as artifacts, collections, and presentations.
Respiratory Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention (Schott)Gwyn Shelle
Can my horse get the swine flu? Why does my horse cough at the beginning of exercise? Can I catch strangles from my horse? Why do racehorses bleed rom their noses? These and other questions will be answered in this webcast.
A presentation from the Equine Business Conference presented by Michigan State University, University of Minnesota, University of Nebraska, and Iowa State University, and partly funded by the North Central Regional Center for Rural Development. Presenter: Peggy Miller, Iowa State University
O documento resume as principais patologias do estômago de animais, incluindo dilatações gástricas agudas em equinos e caninos que podem levar à ruptura e peritonite, assim como torções gástricas. Também discute inflamações como gastrites virais, urêmicas e parasitárias, úlceras gástricas em suínos causadas principalmente por dietas e estresse, e neoplasias como linfomas.
Colic: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention (Carr)Gwyn Shelle
Colic, a symptom feared by horse owners, can seemingly appear without warning. There are many situations that can preclude a horse to colic, ranging from parasite infestation, dehydration to grain overload. Colic symptoms can appear mild to traumatic, but the actual severity and appropriate treatment options may be hard to determine until the veterinarian examines the horse. Dr. Elizabeth Carr will give a basic review of colic, discussing when the horse owner should worry, treatment options your veterinarian can use, and management practices to prevent certain kinds of colic.
'Care of the Geriatric Horse,' presented by Dr. Jen Gold, DACVIM-LAIM internal medicine specialist. This presentation is a great resource for all horse owners!
Feeding Management In A Time Of Rising Feed Prices (Russell)Gwyn Shelle
This document summarizes a presentation on feeding management strategies for horses in times of rising feed prices. The presentation discusses determining horse nutritional needs based on factors like weight and activity level, maximizing the use of forages like pasture and hay, and provides tips for supplementing forages to meet nutritional needs in a cost effective manner. These include using alternatives like crop residues, limit feeding dense feeds, adjusting rations for weather, and potentially culling horses if needed to reduce feed costs. The overall goals are to keep horses healthy while minimizing feed expenses through strategic management.
This document provides information on pig management, including the advantages and disadvantages of pig farming, chemical composition of pork, breeding management factors, selection of boars and sows, guidelines for pig reproduction, management at breeding, detection of heat in sows, feeding management considerations, and water requirements. Some key advantages listed are pigs' efficient conversion of feed to meat, high reproductive rates, and ability to utilize various feed sources. Breeding management covers selection criteria and breeding systems. Feeding discusses pigs' digestion and nutrition needs.
The document provides information on various aspects of equine biology and care including gender terms, breeding, anatomy, behavior, common health problems, vaccination recommendations, parasite control, and deworming schedules. Details are given on equine reproduction cycles, measurements, gaits, senses, housing needs, nutrition, toxic plants, lameness issues, and infectious diseases. Recommendations emphasize the importance of proper facilities, diet, vaccination protocols, and parasite prevention.
The document discusses the welfare issues associated with veal calf production. It notes that male dairy calves are often used for veal since they cannot produce milk. Calves may be slaughtered very young ("bob veal") or raised for white or rose veal. White veal calves are restricted in iron and fiber to produce pale meat, while rose veal calves have a healthier diet but may still be raised in barren housing. Calves raised for veal are often confined to small individual crates where they cannot turn around or engage in natural behaviors, which causes suffering. Poor housing, diets, and treatment lead to health issues in veal calves.
Hamster, housing, breeding and management by dr.pavulraj.sPavulraj Selvaraj
This document discusses the production, breeding, and management of laboratory hamsters. It provides details on:
1. Housing requirements for hamsters including appropriate cage sizes, bedding materials, temperature, humidity, and photoperiod.
2. Nutritional requirements of hamsters including suitable diets, feeding methods, and water needs.
3. Breeding of hamsters including sexing, selecting breeding pairs, the estrous cycle, mating/gestation, signs of pregnancy, and caring for pregnant females and newborn pups.
4. General hamster biology such as taxonomy, characteristics, and anatomy.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
2. Introduction to Feeding and Care of
Long ears
• Very little of what we know about the care of mules and
donkeys comes from research
• The information that will be shared today comes from
both practical experience dealing with mules and
donkeys for over twenty years and some scientific
studies
• We will discuss management concerns associated with
the well being of both donkeys and mules
• Keeping in mind there is even less
information available or mules
3. Introduction – To donkeys & mules
• Approximately
55 million horses
in the world
• Approximately
54 million
donkeys, mules
& hinnies
• > 90% are
working animals
in developing
regions of the
world
FAO Statistics, 2002
6. Feeding Long Ears
• #1 Rule when feeding mules and donkeys is to not OVER
feed them!
– This is generally not a problem in developing countries where
they are still used as beast of burdens
• In general young, growing mules and some donkeys tend
to be harder to keep weight on
• Once both have matured keeping weight OFF
tends to be the issue if they are not being properly
feed, exercised, or managed
7. Feeding Long Ears
• In 2007 Nutritional Requirements for Donkeys were included in the
National Research Council for Nutrient Requirements of Horses
6th edition
• However, no to little nutritional information is available for feeding
mules
• Similar to feeding a horse, one should consider the following
factors:
– Age (young, mature, old)
– Level of Work (amount of exercise in hours and how often during the
week)
– Environment (severe weather such as below 0 temperatures, wind, rain
and snow, access to shelters can all create an increase in energy
demands)
– Weight of the animal (feed on weight not volume)
8. Feeding Long Ears
Donkeys have been compared to small ruminants in their ability
to digest poor quality feeds, meaning feeds/forages that are
high in fiber
Tend to think donkeys and mules can survive on less feed
when compared to a horse
Diets in developing countries are very high in fiber and low in
protein and energy
Donkeys often browse on a variety of plants including the bark
of trees or wooden fences
Not uncommon for donkeys to consume plants high in tannins
9. Feeding Long Ears
Research has shown donkeys to have a slower
gastrointestinal tract time, meaning what they eat
stays in their digestive track longer compared to a
horse, therefore they can maximize digestion and
possibly nutrient absorption
Donkeys continue to eat during times of dehydration
Donkey and mules ability to dissipate heat aid to
their possible need for less water when compared to
a horse in drought type climates
10. Tips for Feeding Long Ears
Avoid over feeding both donkeys and mules THEY ARE NOT HORSES with BIG EARS!
Monitor their grass intake
Consider limiting grazing especially for miniature and standard donkeys to the morning
Mules can generally graze all day and many will need additional forage and possibly supplementation with
grain
Feed based on weight and not volume
High Fiber and Fat diets work well for both Mules and Donkeys
Don’t over feed Carbohydrates and Protein, Donkeys have a unique ability to recycle high
levels of urea
Don’t attempt to rapidly decrease weight in both can lead to hyperlipemia
Watch for laminitis in hind limbs prior to front
11. Body Condition Scoring
Donkeys can be scored using the Donkey Sanctuary
System from 1-5, 1 being thin and 5 being obese
Mules a little bit harder due to their various genetic
backgrounds and conformation.
Use the Henneke Scale of 1-9 with caution and
compare to the Donkey Scale
12. Body Condition Scoring Donkeys
#1= Thin #2= Moderate #3= ldeal
1
#4= Fat #5= Obese
Horse for Reference
14. Specie Differences
Donkey Mule
Donkeys lack the presences of reticulocytes Higher Mean value for corpuscular volume
(MCV) ~48.4)
Fewer but larger erythrocytes
Lower White Blood Cell count (5.86)
Higher mean value for corpuscular volume (MCV)
Lower Lymphocytes (2.9)
Serum lactate dehydrogenase higher for miniature donkeys
Higher plasma triglyceride levels
Lower monocyte (0.29)
Liver enzymes higher (creatine kinase and Red blood cell tend to be lower than horses
glutamyltransferase) (6.74)
Normal temperature for a donkey 98.6°F (lower than a horse) Mean Platelet volume tends to be lower (8)
Heart Rate ~ 48 bpm
Normal temperature for a mule similar to that
of a horse 99.18
Respiration ~ 21 breathes/min
(McLean et al., 2011 unpublished)
*Recommend getting a copy of the AAEP Proceedings from 2002/vol 48: In Depth
Mule/Donkey Medicine and Surgery
16. Anatomical Differences: Donkey
Laryngeal Anatomy-difference in the vocal folds yielding the bray not a nicker/whinny
No ergots on the hind legs and hooves are small and boxy
Teats are found on the sheath of male donkeys
Thicker Cutaneous coli muscle
Donkeys have less prominent withers but a more prominent sternum
Different shape and tilt to the pelvis
Longer gestation period than horses (12 months)
Longer life spans compared to horses
Donkey’s teeth eruption does not match that of a horse
Differences in the opening of the guttural pouches
Angle of airway different from the horse
Should use a smaller diameter tube when passing a nasal tube in a donkey
17. Anatomical Differences: Mule
Combined traits of the sire and dam
Longer ears, vocalization similar to a donkey
Some may have more prominent withers
Head is some times larger than a horse but not as large at the donkey
Typically find ergots on the hind limbs
Finding tack that fits appropriately can be difficult
Tend to prefer being turned out vs. stalled
Very social animals and prefer companionship but can become very buddy soured
Owners will find many quirks must be dealt with versus corrected (e.g. ear shyness, hard to
catch, etc)
Food/ reward system generally works well in training systems
Like the donkey its not uncommon for fat pones to develop on a moderate body conditioned
animal in the hind ribs, crest of the neck or tail head
18. Pharmacokinetic Tips Long Ears
Anesthetizing donkeys and mules proves to be different
than horses
Quicker to metabolize pharmaceutical products
For example: when using NASIDS (example Bute or
Banamine) you will probably have to administer more
frequent doses to your mule and donkey for a favorable
response
So, a veterinarian may need to use a larger dose on a
donkey compared to a horse of similar body weight
Especially true for miniature donkeys, may
need more drugs in a shorter interval of time
Miniatures seem to respond best to xylazine
and butorphanol
19. Pharmacokinetic Tips Long Ears
For the most part mules metabolize most drugs similar to horses but still the sedation may wear
off sooner
This effect is probably due to the large genetic variability of the type of dam the mule is out of
Example: A racing mule out of a “hot blooded” mare compared to a draft mule out of a docile “cold
blooded” mare
Generally, speaking a mule will require ~ 50% more xylazine to produce an adequate sedation
before administering ketamine and the duration is shorter
Some medications can produce complications such as breathing in donkeys
When working with your veterinarian on sedation consider how tame/wild your long eared animal
is because this will also determine which combination of drugs a person uses
Refer to the AAEP Proceedings/Vol 48/2002 “Anesthesia of
donkeys and mules: how they differ from horses” by Dr. Nora
Matthews
20. Other Management Areas: Health Care
Consider using a de-wormer at least 1 a year with Ivermectin both Mules
and Donkeys are susceptible to lungworms and can serve as hosts
Donkeys are susceptible to skin parasites- lice and flies
Jack sores treated with ivermectin or
moxidectin due to stomach worm (Cutaneous
habronemiasis)
Have blood work/analysis done on your mule/
donkey so you know his norms prior to illness
21. Other Management Areas: Health Care
Beware of keeping donkeys in wet conditions
often leads to hoof issues (i.e. abscesses,
white line disease)
Watch for founder/laminitis on the hind
hooves as well as the front
Caution should be exercised when castrating
jacks so they don’t bleed to death
Speak with your veterinarian about ligating
or tying off the spermatic vessels
22. Other Management Areas: Behavior
Remember when a donkey is sick, it’s not likely they will
show signs until near death, BEWARE of your donkey’s
behavior
Mules tend to show signs of acute pain and generally it’s
easier for an owner to detect an issue
When restraining donkeys and mules, avoid ear twitching
and consider a twitch or pharmaceutical restraint
Donkeys tend to show less response to a twitch
compared to a horse or mule
23. Other Management Areas: Behavior
When working with both donkeys and mules remember to be
patient!
Try the reward system- food
Be smarter than your mule or donkey, so think your plan
through before attempting to execute it
Donkeys and mules hardly ever forget so once they’ve had a
bad reaction or got away with something they will not forget
Get your hands on your mule foal! Don’t wait until it’s
a yearling to touch it
24. Other Management Areas: Reproduction
Consider behavioral differences when breeding
When breeding jacks consider your environment
Jacks can take all day to mount a mare or jenny or aggressively drag you to her
Keep in mind not all Jacks will breed mares or vice versus a jenny
Some jennies may cycle all year
Beware of twinning in donkeys especially mammoths
NI maybe an issue in mule foals consider having the mare tested
prior to foaling
25. Resources
AAEP Proceedings
www.ivis.org/proceedings/aaep/2002/910102000110.PDF
www.ivis.org/proceedings/AAEP/2002/910102000102.PD
F
www.ivis.org/proceedings/aaep/2002/910102000115.PDF
www.ivis.org/proceedings/aaep/2002/910102000113.PDF
Donkey Sanctuary,
http://www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/
International Veterinary Information
Servicehttp://www.ivis.org/home.asp