This document discusses various methods of family planning, including natural and artificial methods. Natural family planning relies on abstaining from sex during the most fertile times in a woman's cycle, which can be determined through basal body temperature tracking, cervical mucus monitoring, or calendar-based methods. Artificial methods aim to prevent fertilization through barriers like condoms, diaphragms containing spermicide, or IUDs. Other options include hormonal contraceptives like birth control pills, injections, implants or sterilization procedures for both men and women.

2. Family Planning…
•Choosing the
number of children
in a family and the
length of time
between their births.

3. Types of Family Planning
•Natural family
planning method
•Artificial family
planning method

4. •Natural Family Planning,
also called fertility
awareness, relies on
abstinence from sexual
intercourse during the
most fertile phase of a
woman’s menstrual cycle.

5. 3 Methods
to
Predict
Ovulation

6. 1. Basal Body
Temperature
Method

7. •A woman’s resting
temperature rises
between 0.4 F and 0.8
on the day of
ovulation and stays
elevated until the next
menstrual period.

8. •Using a special (Basal body)
thermometer, a woman
needs to take her
temperature every morning
before getting out of bed.
When she sees her
temperature rise, she
knows she has ovulated.

10. 2. Cervical
Mucus
Method

11. •Right before ovulation, the
mucus from the cervix changes
from being cloudy and scanty
to being clear and slippery.
The consistency of ovulation
mucus is like that of an egg
white and it can be stretched
between the fingers. After the
ovulation, the mucus tends to
dry up again.

14. 3. Calendar
Method

15. •Woman with regular menstrual
periods can guess when
ovulation occurs by looking at
a record of their cycles. If a
reasonable estimates can be
made of when the next
menstrual cycle will begin,
subtracting 14 days from the
estimated date will give the
approximate day of ovulation.

17. Artificial
Method
of
Family
Planning

18. •In this method, the live
sperm is prevented from
entering the uterus either
by killing them with
spermicidal or by
obstructing them through
the use of condom and
diaphragms.

19. 1. Injectable
Contraception
(Depo-Provera)

20. •Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
(Depo-Provera or DMPA) is an injectable
synthetic hormone that prevents
pregnancy for 13 weeks at a time. The
hormone is like the one produced by the
body (progesterone) to regulate the
menstrual cycle. DMPA works mainly by
preventing ovulation - the process by
which an egg is released from the ovary.
It also thickens the cervical mucus which
may keep sperm from joining with an
egg.

22. 2. Intra
Uterine
Device

23. •The IUD (intrauterine device) is a
small device placed inside the uterus
for birth control. It is thought to
primarily prevent fertilization by
creating an intense inflammatory
reaction inside the uterus that is
harmful for sperm, either destroying
sperm or making it nearly impossible
for sperm to reach the fallopian tubes.
Secondarily, the IUD also makes the
uterus unsuitable for implantation.

26. 3. Birth
Control
Pills

27. •Birth control pills are pills which are
taken by mouth everyday to prevent
pregnancy. Combined birth control pills
are the most common type and contain
both female sex hormones - estrogen and
progesterone (in the form of progestin).
The pill works mainly by preventing the
ovaries from releasing eggs (ovulation).
Secondarily, it may also prevent
fertilization from occurring by thickening
the cervical mucus which impedes the
sperm.

29. 4. Diaphragm

30. •The diaphragm is a dome-shaped
latex cap that is first coated with a
spermicidal gel or cream and then
placed high in the vagina before
intercourse. It is a physical barrier
to sperm entering the cervix but,
more importantly, it holds the
spermicidal cream or gel against
the cervix and thus immobilizes
sperm near the cervical canal.

34. 5. Male
Condom

35. •The male condom is a
sheath placed over the
erect penis before
penetration,
preventing pregnancy by
blocking the passage of
sperm. It is a barrier
method of contraception.

37. 6. Female
Condom

38. •The female condom is a
thin polyurethane sheath
which lines the vagina and
some of the external
genitalia. It is a barrier
method of birth control
and does not contain a
spermicide.

41. 7. Cervical
Cap

42. •The cervical cap is a soft
rubber cup to which
spermicide is added before it
is placed snugly over the
cervix. It presents a physical
barrier to sperm and kills
those sperm which do come in
contact with the spermicide.

45. 8. Spermicides

46. •Spermicides are chemicals which
kill sperm. They are available in
many different forms:
suppository, foam, cream, gel,
film and tablets. The active
ingredient in most spermicidal is
nonoxynol-9, which may also
offer protection against sexually
transmitted diseases.

48. Sterilization
•is a simple operation for
both men and women. It is
a one-time method of birth
control which is permanent
and requires no effort
other than getting the
procedure done.

49. Vasectomy
for
Men

50. •Vasectomy is a permanent method of
birth control for men. It is a surgical
procedure which is done under local
anesthesia. The vas deferens is blocked -
the tube that carries the sperm from the
testicle to the opening of the penis. After
a vasectomy, sperm will not be present
in the semen and pregnancy cannot
occur. The procedure is done under local
anesthesia and takes only 15-20 minutes.
There is no need of any overnight stay.

52. Tubal
Ligation
for
Women

53. •is a permanent method of birth
control which requires surgery. The
surgery involves blocking the
fallopian tubes by cutting them,
electrically sealing them, or putting
clips/rings (spring clip/Falope ring)
on them. Pregnancy does not occur
because the sperm cannot reach the
egg (fertilization). The procedure is
done under local or general
anesthesia, usually using a
laparoscope.

56. Withdrawal
•refers to a pregnancy
prevention method
where the man pulls the
penis out of the vagina
before ejaculation into
the vagina.

57. ABORTION

58. •Termination of
pregnancy.
•Expulsion of a
fetus