Title and Affiliation Abstract and Keywords Introduction Literature review Experimentation or Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusions Reference

1. Writing a Quality Research Paper
Dr. Mohsin Khalil PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Aviation Technology and Avionics Engineering
Superior University, Lahore
Upload by MUHAMMAD IBRAR
BAEM-F18-025

2. Contents
1. Important Key Terms
2. HEC Journal Ranking System
3. Research Paper Structure
4. Writing Review Paper

3. Citation
– A way to give credit to individual for their creative
and intellectual work that we utilized to support
our work.
– A line or phrase used in your work from
someone's work counts as one citation. However,
someone's work can be referred multiple times.

4. Impact Factor
– Measure of citations received per year published
in journal during two preceding years
– Number of Citation per year/ Number of papers
published in last two years.

5. Index
• H-Index
– H number of papers = h number of citations
• This represents individual research quality
– If you have published 5 papers, any one of your paper must
have at least 5 citation for you to have h-index=5
• I-10 Index
– All those research papers that have at least 10
citations.

6. Reference Styles
• APA(American Psychological Association) Style
• Last name, first name(only 1st alphabet in capital letter)
Year, title of paper, name of journal, volume(1),page no.(223-
435)
– MLA(Modern language Association) mostly for
humanities
– Chicago style- Mostly used for business and history
– Harvard Style

7. HEC Research Journals Ranking |
W, X, Y, Z Categories
• This is specific to Pakistan and HEC, no where
in the world does this kind of ranking system
exists
• Scopus and Thomson Reuters
– Two authorities to check journal authenticity
– HEC does not recognize Scopus

8. Thomson Reuters
– Impact Factor Journals
• HEC rank them as W category
– Non Impact factor Journals
• Listed but no impact factor
– HEC rank them international X category
– HEC accept both for PhD, but it depends on
supervisor and University

9. Local Journal
– Journals Published by UET, IST , etc,
– They are divided into W,X,Y,Z
• W,X,Y,Z ranked as ordered
• https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/services/faculty/journ
als/Pages/default.aspx#:~:text=HJRS%20is%20a%20coll
ection%20of,the%20quality%20of%20a%20journal.
• https://hjrs.hec.gov.pk/

10. Main Structure of the paper
1. Title and Affiliation
2. Abstract and Keywords
3. Introduction
4. Literature review
5. Experimentation or Methodology
6. Results and Discussion
7. Conclusions
8. Reference

11. Title and Affiliation
1. Limited to 8-15 words
2. Relevant
3. Single Phrase
4. Correct Grammar and Proper Capitalization
5. Avoid Abbreviation

12. Abstract
• Do’s
1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Implications
• Don’t
1. References
2. Figures
3. Tables
4. Abbreviation

13. Keywords
• 4 to 8 Keywords
– Helps in Ranking
– Helps in finding your research paper on google

14. Introduction
• This is where main text of your research paper
starts
• From 1.5 to 2 pages
• First two paragraphs are used for introduction
– Introduce your topic comprehensively

15. Literature review
• In this we refer already published papers
• Discuss their weak points where we are going to
improve
• Critically analyze the papers
• Literature out come is separately writing the
missing point by other others.
• 2 paragraphs are more than enough
• Key statement
– The under-expanded condition of converging circular
nozzles has never been investigated so far and this
represents the main motivation of the present work.

16. Experimentation or
Methodology
• This can be divided into multiple parts
1. For example Flow visualization
2. Wall pressure measurement

17. Results and Discussion
• We can compare the results here.
• Show your data in graphs, plots, discuss them
• Critically analyze your results

18. Conclusion
• Give your killer blow
• What is punch line
• What is the best selling point of your entire
research, put it first and them put other
important points in descending order

19. References
• APA
• Harvard
• Vancouver
• It depends on the journal you are going to
submit your paper in.
• Its just the arrangement of the same
information

20. Review Paper
• How many research papers ?
– Depends on the research area you are working in.
– Writing review on research articles on the basis of
experimentation is much easier

21. Important terms
• Literature Survey
– Two things are important
• Number of Citations
– Higher
• Publication Year
– recent
• Literature Review
– Main Crux
– Get Narrower
• Literature Outcome
– Gaps pointed out are Literature outcome

22. Title

23. Writing and Organizing Literature
• What major concepts other researchers have
worked on to solve problems under
consideration.
• What methods they have used.
• What instrumentation they have used.
• What Applications are there
• What results they have obtained

24. • Use proper citation
– If you fail to give proper citation it will be considered
as plagiarism
• What accomplishments they have made
– We have to summarize their accomplishments.
– Identify the gaps in their work
• Your critical analysis of the entire study
– Your comments are of the most importance. Actually
that is your contribution.
– If you fail to give your comments, you have not added
anything new, instead just repeated their work.
Writing and Organizing Literature

25. Techniques to organize the
literature review
• Divide topic in different objects
Topic
Objective 4
Objective 3
Objective 2
Objective 1
Ref 1
Ref 2
Ref 3
Ref 1
Ref 2
Ref 3
Ref 1
Ref 2
Ref 3
Ref 1
Ref 2
Ref 3

26. Thank You