The document discusses the relationship between the United States and the European Union from the American perspective. It argues that the Cold War alliance between the US and Europe was a coalition of convenience against the Soviet Union, not a true alliance. With the fall of the USSR, NATO's purpose was unclear but the US continued to dominate it. The US also prefers unilateral action over multilateral organizations like the EU. This creates imbalances in foreign policy issues and trade. The future of US-EU relations remains uncertain as the EU struggles with internal integration while the US maintains its unilateral approach.
To rig equipment, one must hook the clamp over the bar, attach a safety bond, tighten the hook clamp, plug into the rigging system, and check that it is securely attached. To de-rig, the process is simply reversed by unplugging from the rig, loosening the hook clamp, detaching the safety bond, and removing the clamp from the bar.
Architecture of ARINC 629 Data Bus For Boeing 777-200ER Commercial Aircraft.pdfMIbrar4
The four ARINC 629 buses which stands for the
Aeronautical Radio INC, is a private organization
comprising members from the airlines, and
manufacturers of aircraft and avionics equipment.
GENERATORS
The Boeing 777 has three main 120 KVA generators for
115–200 Volt AC power.
MISSION MANAGEMENT COMPUTER
Airplane Information Management System (AIMS) made
by Honeywell
OPERATING SYSTEM
MS-DOS
PROCESSOR
Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) 29050 microprocessor
RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
4,854 KB
DISK SPACE
15,656 kilobytes (KB)
LANGUAGE
Ada programming language
PROGRAM LENGTH
613,000 new lines of code
ARINC 629
The Airplane Information Management System (AIMS) is
the "brains" of Boeing 777 aircraft. It uses four
ARINC 629 buses to transfer information. There are 2
cabinets on each plane (left and right).
ARINC 629 has the ability to accommodate up to a
total of 128 terminals on a data bus and supports a
data rate of 2 Mbit/s.
CABLE (TRANSMISSION MEDIA)
Page 4 of 6
ASD 27 Jan, 2022
The stub cable has four wires, two to transmit and
two to receive. These cables are in the normal
aircraft wiring bundles.
The basic layout for connecting LRUs to the 629 data
bus using stub cables. The stub cable length is up
to 50ft for TX/RX cable and 75ft for RX only cable.
This case study describes an engineering firm, Matz, Childs and Associates, that was not winning public works contracts. The partner, Lester Matz, decided to start giving bribes and campaign contributions to the county executive, Mr. Agnew, to get closer to him and secure contracts. Matz began getting contracts after giving funds to Agnew's campaign. He continued this arrangement, even after Agnew was elected governor and vice president, and Matz received most public works contracts. However, in 1973 an investigation was launched into engineering firms in the area, which found Matz guilty of bribery. Mr. Agnew was fined $10,000 while Matz's firm was not prosecuted after cooperating
Analysis and Design of PID controller with control parameters in MATLAB and S...MIbrar4
• To learn the need of controller
• Types of Basic Controllers (P, I and D Controllers) and their properties.
• Controller combinations (PI, PD and PID Controllers) and their properties.
• PID tunning by MATLAB.
• Comparative performance analysis of PI, PD and PID Controllers
Demonstrate the implementation PI controller to regulate speed of DC Servo Mo...MIbrar4
Servo system plays an important role in the electromechanical system. Accompanying the
progress of technology and industry, servo driving technology can be completely implemented
in digital form, which gives much more convenience.
Motion Studio is an intelligent servo controller development environment with high
performance window visual software, which can be used to control servo systems containing
Techno soft intelligent servo drive. Motion system (includes motion system element definition
and controller parameter measurement) can be configured, and superior integrated tools can be
used to design motion program, which gives TML codes automatically. Open code development
tools allow further edit, direct compile, link, generate execute codes and send them to IPM
driver. Finally, advanced graphic view tools such as data record, control button and TML
variables observer can be used for analyzing the motion of system. Its interface is shown as
follows:
PID Controller Simulator Design for Polynomials Transfer FunctionMIbrar4
PID Controller Simulator Design for Polynomials Transfer Function
Objective:
• To compute responses at different values of PID for a transfer function for both open
loop and Closed Loop Simulation
State-Space Realizations Using Control Canonical Form and Simulation DiagramMIbrar4
State-Space Realizations Using Control Canonical Form and Simulation
Diagram
Objective:
• To compute the Control Canonical Form using MATLAB
• To design the simulation diagram and check it’s any desired Response though the simulation diagram
Theory
we consider the common and useful form of the simulation diagram, namely, control canonical
form. The simulation diagram is derived from the general transfer functions of the form
The document discusses the relationship between the United States and the European Union from the American perspective. It argues that the Cold War alliance between the US and Europe was a coalition of convenience against the Soviet Union, not a true alliance. With the fall of the USSR, NATO's purpose was unclear but the US continued to dominate it. The US also prefers unilateral action over multilateral organizations like the EU. This creates imbalances in foreign policy issues and trade. The future of US-EU relations remains uncertain as the EU struggles with internal integration while the US maintains its unilateral approach.
To rig equipment, one must hook the clamp over the bar, attach a safety bond, tighten the hook clamp, plug into the rigging system, and check that it is securely attached. To de-rig, the process is simply reversed by unplugging from the rig, loosening the hook clamp, detaching the safety bond, and removing the clamp from the bar.
Architecture of ARINC 629 Data Bus For Boeing 777-200ER Commercial Aircraft.pdfMIbrar4
The four ARINC 629 buses which stands for the
Aeronautical Radio INC, is a private organization
comprising members from the airlines, and
manufacturers of aircraft and avionics equipment.
GENERATORS
The Boeing 777 has three main 120 KVA generators for
115–200 Volt AC power.
MISSION MANAGEMENT COMPUTER
Airplane Information Management System (AIMS) made
by Honeywell
OPERATING SYSTEM
MS-DOS
PROCESSOR
Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) 29050 microprocessor
RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
4,854 KB
DISK SPACE
15,656 kilobytes (KB)
LANGUAGE
Ada programming language
PROGRAM LENGTH
613,000 new lines of code
ARINC 629
The Airplane Information Management System (AIMS) is
the "brains" of Boeing 777 aircraft. It uses four
ARINC 629 buses to transfer information. There are 2
cabinets on each plane (left and right).
ARINC 629 has the ability to accommodate up to a
total of 128 terminals on a data bus and supports a
data rate of 2 Mbit/s.
CABLE (TRANSMISSION MEDIA)
Page 4 of 6
ASD 27 Jan, 2022
The stub cable has four wires, two to transmit and
two to receive. These cables are in the normal
aircraft wiring bundles.
The basic layout for connecting LRUs to the 629 data
bus using stub cables. The stub cable length is up
to 50ft for TX/RX cable and 75ft for RX only cable.
This case study describes an engineering firm, Matz, Childs and Associates, that was not winning public works contracts. The partner, Lester Matz, decided to start giving bribes and campaign contributions to the county executive, Mr. Agnew, to get closer to him and secure contracts. Matz began getting contracts after giving funds to Agnew's campaign. He continued this arrangement, even after Agnew was elected governor and vice president, and Matz received most public works contracts. However, in 1973 an investigation was launched into engineering firms in the area, which found Matz guilty of bribery. Mr. Agnew was fined $10,000 while Matz's firm was not prosecuted after cooperating
Analysis and Design of PID controller with control parameters in MATLAB and S...MIbrar4
• To learn the need of controller
• Types of Basic Controllers (P, I and D Controllers) and their properties.
• Controller combinations (PI, PD and PID Controllers) and their properties.
• PID tunning by MATLAB.
• Comparative performance analysis of PI, PD and PID Controllers
Demonstrate the implementation PI controller to regulate speed of DC Servo Mo...MIbrar4
Servo system plays an important role in the electromechanical system. Accompanying the
progress of technology and industry, servo driving technology can be completely implemented
in digital form, which gives much more convenience.
Motion Studio is an intelligent servo controller development environment with high
performance window visual software, which can be used to control servo systems containing
Techno soft intelligent servo drive. Motion system (includes motion system element definition
and controller parameter measurement) can be configured, and superior integrated tools can be
used to design motion program, which gives TML codes automatically. Open code development
tools allow further edit, direct compile, link, generate execute codes and send them to IPM
driver. Finally, advanced graphic view tools such as data record, control button and TML
variables observer can be used for analyzing the motion of system. Its interface is shown as
follows:
PID Controller Simulator Design for Polynomials Transfer FunctionMIbrar4
PID Controller Simulator Design for Polynomials Transfer Function
Objective:
• To compute responses at different values of PID for a transfer function for both open
loop and Closed Loop Simulation
State-Space Realizations Using Control Canonical Form and Simulation DiagramMIbrar4
State-Space Realizations Using Control Canonical Form and Simulation
Diagram
Objective:
• To compute the Control Canonical Form using MATLAB
• To design the simulation diagram and check it’s any desired Response though the simulation diagram
Theory
we consider the common and useful form of the simulation diagram, namely, control canonical
form. The simulation diagram is derived from the general transfer functions of the form
Design Compensator Using Automated PID Tuning for a water tank MIbrar4
A compensator is a form of controller designed to alter certain characteristics (such as gain/phase) of the
open-loop system. A compensator is a component in the control system and it is used to regulate another
system. ... In order to make the system behave as desired, it is necessary to redesign the system and add
a compensator, a device which compensates for the deficient performance of the original system.
Control system compensation is the strategy used by the control system designed to improve system
dynamic performance through the addition of dynamic elements in order to mitigate some of the
undesirable features of the control elements present in the system.
Provided MATLAB functions, convert the State Space Model into a classical con...MIbrar4
To transform the system model from transfer function to state space, and vice versa on MATLAB
Theory:
Given a transfer function of the form:
MATALB can be used to obtain a state-space representation of the transfer function with the following
command
It is important to note that the state space representation is not unique, i.e. there are many state-space
representations for the same system. The MATLAB command gives just one possible state-space
equation.
Compensator Design and parameters modification using Bode plot and root locusMIbrar4
Bode diagram design is an interactive graphical method of modifying a compensator to achieve a
specific open-loop response (loop shaping). To interactively shape the open-loop response using
Control System Designer, use the Bode Editor. In the editor, you can adjust the open-loop
bandwidth and design to gain and phase margin specifications.
To adjust the loop shape, you can add poles and zeros to your compensator and adjust their values
directly in the Bode Editor, or you can use the Compensator Editor. For more information, see Edit
Compensator Dynamics. For information on all the tuning methods available in Control System
Designer, see Control System Designer Tuning Methods.
Department of Avionics Engineering The Superior University, Lahore Lab Manual...MIbrar4
This lab manual outlines experiments to be conducted in the course AE-4273 Radar Systems. The experiments are designed to help students learn key concepts in radar including signal generation and processing, radar equation, effects of interference, target detection probability, and dependence of target radar cross section on various parameters. The manual lists 14 experiments to be conducted over the course of the semester. The experiments will utilize MATLAB for simulations and involve tasks such as plotting radar range equation variables, analyzing signal to noise ratio against detection range, and understanding interference of signals with different phase angles.
PAF buy retired and old Mirage fighter jets.pptxMIbrar4
The cockpit was modernized with a
New head-up display (HUD),
Hands-on throttle and stick (HOTAS) controls
New multi-function displays (MFD) and radar altimeter and a Sagem nav/attack system.
New navigation systems, including an inertial navigation system and GPS.
Defensive systems upgrades consisted of a new radar warning receiver (RWR),
Electronic countermeasures (ECM) suite and counter-measure dispensing system,
Dispensing decoy flares, and chaff to confuse enemy missiles and radar.
WHAT IS MEMS ? MEMS Accelerometer MEMS Gyroscope MEMS MagnetometerMIbrar4
This document discusses the components of an inertial measurement unit (IMU), including MEMS accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers. It explains that MEMS sensors use very small microelectromechanical systems composed of silicon, polymers, metals or ceramics to measure acceleration, angular velocity, and magnetic fields. Accelerometers detect acceleration by measuring changes in capacitance caused by the movement of a mass on a spring. Gyroscopes measure angular rate using the Coriolis effect to induce displacement of a vibrating mass. Magnetometers function by detecting changes in electron flow and voltage caused by magnetic fields.
As radar users see ever increasing
complexity in signal and data
processing, it is tempting to
believe that quantum increases in
detection performance will
become available. However, the
laws of physics have not changed.
and fundamental detection
performance will only improve
slightly as small improvements are
squeezed out of one or other
section of a radar.
What is changing is the ability to
analyze the radar signal in
progressively more detail. High
speed processing is allowing the
use of principles which have long
been understood, but which have
not previously been incorporated
owing to technology limitations.
An airborne radar receives signals
which contain not only target
echoes, but additional inputs from
a variety of sources. These
Include; clutter from the main
radar beam and sidelobes; selfgenerated thermal noise: nondeliberate electronic interference;
and perhaps jamming. The first
objective of signal processing is to
reject the clutter, which may
include not only ground returns,
but rain and ground moving targets
as well. Jamming requires a book
in its own right and will not be
covered here. but suitable
processing techniques can be used
to weaken its effects.
1) On January 15, 2009, US Airways Flight 1549 struck a flock of birds shortly after takeoff from LaGuardia Airport, damaging both engines. Captain Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger was forced to land the Airbus A320 in the Hudson River, saving all 155 lives onboard.
2) An investigation by the NTSB initially suggested pilot error, as simulations showed the plane may have been able to land at nearby airports. However, when simulations included human factors like stress and decision time, they ended in crashes.
3) Further analysis confirmed the bird strike severely damaged the engines, validating Sullenberger's emergency water landing and cementing his status as a hero.
first We read about the first step in solving an ethical problem is to completely understand all of the issues involved. Once these issues are determined, frequently a solution to the problem becomes apparent. The issues involved in understanding ethical problems can be split into three categories: 1. Factual 2. Conceptual 3. Moral. These three categories help us to solve the case study on James who is a chemical engineer
The Disaster at Bhopal
On the night of December 2, 1984, a leak developed in a storage tank at a Union Carbide chemical plant in Bhopal, India. The tank contained 10,000 gallons of methyl isocyanate (MIC), a highly toxic chemical used in the manufacture of pesticides, such as Sevin. The leak sent a toxic cloud of gas over the surrounding slums of Bhopal, resulting in the death of over 2,000 people, and injuries to over 200,000 more.
Yes, it is true that the universal declaration of human rights stems out from the last sermon of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H).
From the above comparison table, we can see that every human right already has been defined in the last sermon of the Holy Prophet. Human Equality, Human Dignity, Integrity, Obedience to Rulers and Women's Rights these are Important Articles of Prophet (PBUH)’S Last Sermon on which the universal of human rights are declared
Because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in his last sermon fully explained the rights and duties of the people. In every way, the sermon can be considered the first and most comprehensive charter of human rights in history.
Although some points are not matched with the last sermon of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). but it does not mean that The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is not stemmed out from the last sermon of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). Because the remaining points are not parts of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights these points are specific for the Muslims which the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) define.
We read about the Bhopal Disaster In late 1984, a pressure-relief valve on a tank used to store methyl isocyanate (MIC) at a Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India, accidentally opened. The causes of the accident had many contributing factors. Some two thousand people were killed and thousands more injured. Then we read about the framework. The ethical theory provides a framework for reaching solutions to ethical problems.
Moral Dilemmas: 1. Kickbacks 2. Waste dumping 3. I have a wife and kids...sho...MIbrar4
A County Engineer in Virginia demanded a 25% kickback in secret payments for highway work contracts he issued.
In 1967 he made such an offer to Allan Kammerer, a 32 year old civil engineer who was vice president of a young and struggling consulting firm greatly in need of the work.
Kammerer discussed the offer with others in the firm, who told him it was his decision to make.
Finally Kammerer agreed to the deal, citing as a main reason his concern for getting sufficient work to retain his current employees.
The Intel Pentium Chip
In late 1994, the media began to report that there was a flaw in the new Pentium microprocessor produced by Intel. The microprocessor is the heart of a personal computer and controls all of the operations and calculations that take place. A flaw in the Pentium was especially significant, since it was the microprocessor used in 80% of the personal computers produced in the world at that time.
Apparently, flaws in a complicated integrated circuit such as the Pentium, which at the time contained over one million transistors, are common. However, most of the flaws are undetectable by the user and don't affect the operation of the computer. Many of these flaws are easily compensated for through software. The flaw that came to light in 1994 was different: It was detectable by the user. This particular flaw was in the floating-point unit (FPU) and caused a wrong answer when double-precision arithmetic, a very common operation, was performed.
The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster
The explosion of the space shuttle Challenger is perhaps the most widely written about case in engineering ethics because of the extensive media coverage at the time of the accident and also because of the many available government reports and transcripts of congressional hearings regarding the explosion. The case illustrates many important ethical issues that engineers face: What is the proper role of the engineer when safety issues are a concern? Who should have the ultimate decision making authority to order a launch? Should the ordering of a launch be an engineering or a managerial decision? This case has already been presented briefly, and we will now take a more in-depth look,
Understanding and familiarization with the Preliminary design of the system a...MIbrar4
Preliminary Design means that part of the Development
Phase where all of the geometric design elements,
including a preliminary estimate of the preferred
design solution, are documented for input to the
Detailed Design Stage.
Preliminary Design in Final year project What things
are required for the project? what is the size of
parts or components? what is the cost of the parts
or components? are these things are available mean
Commercial off-the-Shelf (COTS)? What is the time
required?
OBJECTIVE
Familiarization of the student with avionics suite of Boeing-777 a 4th generation aircraft comprising of following Subsystems:
1) HMI
2) AIRDATA System
3) Radar System
4) Communication system
5) Navigation system
6) Computer(s)
7) Data bus(es)
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Design Compensator Using Automated PID Tuning for a water tank MIbrar4
A compensator is a form of controller designed to alter certain characteristics (such as gain/phase) of the
open-loop system. A compensator is a component in the control system and it is used to regulate another
system. ... In order to make the system behave as desired, it is necessary to redesign the system and add
a compensator, a device which compensates for the deficient performance of the original system.
Control system compensation is the strategy used by the control system designed to improve system
dynamic performance through the addition of dynamic elements in order to mitigate some of the
undesirable features of the control elements present in the system.
Provided MATLAB functions, convert the State Space Model into a classical con...MIbrar4
To transform the system model from transfer function to state space, and vice versa on MATLAB
Theory:
Given a transfer function of the form:
MATALB can be used to obtain a state-space representation of the transfer function with the following
command
It is important to note that the state space representation is not unique, i.e. there are many state-space
representations for the same system. The MATLAB command gives just one possible state-space
equation.
Compensator Design and parameters modification using Bode plot and root locusMIbrar4
Bode diagram design is an interactive graphical method of modifying a compensator to achieve a
specific open-loop response (loop shaping). To interactively shape the open-loop response using
Control System Designer, use the Bode Editor. In the editor, you can adjust the open-loop
bandwidth and design to gain and phase margin specifications.
To adjust the loop shape, you can add poles and zeros to your compensator and adjust their values
directly in the Bode Editor, or you can use the Compensator Editor. For more information, see Edit
Compensator Dynamics. For information on all the tuning methods available in Control System
Designer, see Control System Designer Tuning Methods.
Department of Avionics Engineering The Superior University, Lahore Lab Manual...MIbrar4
This lab manual outlines experiments to be conducted in the course AE-4273 Radar Systems. The experiments are designed to help students learn key concepts in radar including signal generation and processing, radar equation, effects of interference, target detection probability, and dependence of target radar cross section on various parameters. The manual lists 14 experiments to be conducted over the course of the semester. The experiments will utilize MATLAB for simulations and involve tasks such as plotting radar range equation variables, analyzing signal to noise ratio against detection range, and understanding interference of signals with different phase angles.
PAF buy retired and old Mirage fighter jets.pptxMIbrar4
The cockpit was modernized with a
New head-up display (HUD),
Hands-on throttle and stick (HOTAS) controls
New multi-function displays (MFD) and radar altimeter and a Sagem nav/attack system.
New navigation systems, including an inertial navigation system and GPS.
Defensive systems upgrades consisted of a new radar warning receiver (RWR),
Electronic countermeasures (ECM) suite and counter-measure dispensing system,
Dispensing decoy flares, and chaff to confuse enemy missiles and radar.
WHAT IS MEMS ? MEMS Accelerometer MEMS Gyroscope MEMS MagnetometerMIbrar4
This document discusses the components of an inertial measurement unit (IMU), including MEMS accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers. It explains that MEMS sensors use very small microelectromechanical systems composed of silicon, polymers, metals or ceramics to measure acceleration, angular velocity, and magnetic fields. Accelerometers detect acceleration by measuring changes in capacitance caused by the movement of a mass on a spring. Gyroscopes measure angular rate using the Coriolis effect to induce displacement of a vibrating mass. Magnetometers function by detecting changes in electron flow and voltage caused by magnetic fields.
As radar users see ever increasing
complexity in signal and data
processing, it is tempting to
believe that quantum increases in
detection performance will
become available. However, the
laws of physics have not changed.
and fundamental detection
performance will only improve
slightly as small improvements are
squeezed out of one or other
section of a radar.
What is changing is the ability to
analyze the radar signal in
progressively more detail. High
speed processing is allowing the
use of principles which have long
been understood, but which have
not previously been incorporated
owing to technology limitations.
An airborne radar receives signals
which contain not only target
echoes, but additional inputs from
a variety of sources. These
Include; clutter from the main
radar beam and sidelobes; selfgenerated thermal noise: nondeliberate electronic interference;
and perhaps jamming. The first
objective of signal processing is to
reject the clutter, which may
include not only ground returns,
but rain and ground moving targets
as well. Jamming requires a book
in its own right and will not be
covered here. but suitable
processing techniques can be used
to weaken its effects.
1) On January 15, 2009, US Airways Flight 1549 struck a flock of birds shortly after takeoff from LaGuardia Airport, damaging both engines. Captain Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger was forced to land the Airbus A320 in the Hudson River, saving all 155 lives onboard.
2) An investigation by the NTSB initially suggested pilot error, as simulations showed the plane may have been able to land at nearby airports. However, when simulations included human factors like stress and decision time, they ended in crashes.
3) Further analysis confirmed the bird strike severely damaged the engines, validating Sullenberger's emergency water landing and cementing his status as a hero.
first We read about the first step in solving an ethical problem is to completely understand all of the issues involved. Once these issues are determined, frequently a solution to the problem becomes apparent. The issues involved in understanding ethical problems can be split into three categories: 1. Factual 2. Conceptual 3. Moral. These three categories help us to solve the case study on James who is a chemical engineer
The Disaster at Bhopal
On the night of December 2, 1984, a leak developed in a storage tank at a Union Carbide chemical plant in Bhopal, India. The tank contained 10,000 gallons of methyl isocyanate (MIC), a highly toxic chemical used in the manufacture of pesticides, such as Sevin. The leak sent a toxic cloud of gas over the surrounding slums of Bhopal, resulting in the death of over 2,000 people, and injuries to over 200,000 more.
Yes, it is true that the universal declaration of human rights stems out from the last sermon of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H).
From the above comparison table, we can see that every human right already has been defined in the last sermon of the Holy Prophet. Human Equality, Human Dignity, Integrity, Obedience to Rulers and Women's Rights these are Important Articles of Prophet (PBUH)’S Last Sermon on which the universal of human rights are declared
Because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in his last sermon fully explained the rights and duties of the people. In every way, the sermon can be considered the first and most comprehensive charter of human rights in history.
Although some points are not matched with the last sermon of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). but it does not mean that The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is not stemmed out from the last sermon of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). Because the remaining points are not parts of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights these points are specific for the Muslims which the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) define.
We read about the Bhopal Disaster In late 1984, a pressure-relief valve on a tank used to store methyl isocyanate (MIC) at a Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India, accidentally opened. The causes of the accident had many contributing factors. Some two thousand people were killed and thousands more injured. Then we read about the framework. The ethical theory provides a framework for reaching solutions to ethical problems.
Moral Dilemmas: 1. Kickbacks 2. Waste dumping 3. I have a wife and kids...sho...MIbrar4
A County Engineer in Virginia demanded a 25% kickback in secret payments for highway work contracts he issued.
In 1967 he made such an offer to Allan Kammerer, a 32 year old civil engineer who was vice president of a young and struggling consulting firm greatly in need of the work.
Kammerer discussed the offer with others in the firm, who told him it was his decision to make.
Finally Kammerer agreed to the deal, citing as a main reason his concern for getting sufficient work to retain his current employees.
The Intel Pentium Chip
In late 1994, the media began to report that there was a flaw in the new Pentium microprocessor produced by Intel. The microprocessor is the heart of a personal computer and controls all of the operations and calculations that take place. A flaw in the Pentium was especially significant, since it was the microprocessor used in 80% of the personal computers produced in the world at that time.
Apparently, flaws in a complicated integrated circuit such as the Pentium, which at the time contained over one million transistors, are common. However, most of the flaws are undetectable by the user and don't affect the operation of the computer. Many of these flaws are easily compensated for through software. The flaw that came to light in 1994 was different: It was detectable by the user. This particular flaw was in the floating-point unit (FPU) and caused a wrong answer when double-precision arithmetic, a very common operation, was performed.
The Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster
The explosion of the space shuttle Challenger is perhaps the most widely written about case in engineering ethics because of the extensive media coverage at the time of the accident and also because of the many available government reports and transcripts of congressional hearings regarding the explosion. The case illustrates many important ethical issues that engineers face: What is the proper role of the engineer when safety issues are a concern? Who should have the ultimate decision making authority to order a launch? Should the ordering of a launch be an engineering or a managerial decision? This case has already been presented briefly, and we will now take a more in-depth look,
Understanding and familiarization with the Preliminary design of the system a...MIbrar4
Preliminary Design means that part of the Development
Phase where all of the geometric design elements,
including a preliminary estimate of the preferred
design solution, are documented for input to the
Detailed Design Stage.
Preliminary Design in Final year project What things
are required for the project? what is the size of
parts or components? what is the cost of the parts
or components? are these things are available mean
Commercial off-the-Shelf (COTS)? What is the time
required?
OBJECTIVE
Familiarization of the student with avionics suite of Boeing-777 a 4th generation aircraft comprising of following Subsystems:
1) HMI
2) AIRDATA System
3) Radar System
4) Communication system
5) Navigation system
6) Computer(s)
7) Data bus(es)
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.