Eysenck's personality test
•Download as PPT, PDF•
5 likes•7,807 views
Eysenck proposed a personality theory that classified people into two types: introverts who are shy and keep thoughts/emotions private, and extroverts who are outgoing and expressive. He suggested four quadrants based on introversion/extroversion and stability: A) introverted and unstable, B) extroverted and unstable, C) introverted and stable, or D) extroverted and stable, with B being most prone to deviant behavior due to low social control.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Hans Eysenck theory of Personality
Hans Eysenck theorized personality to be genetically embedded. He narrowed personality to 3 types Psychoticism, Neuroticism and Extroverted
Horney's theory
Karen Horney was a German psychoanalyst who developed theories about how social and cultural conditions, especially childhood experiences, shape personality. She believed that people whose needs for love and affection are not satisfied in childhood develop basic anxiety and hostility towards their parents. Horney identified three neurotic strategies people use to cope: moving towards people, moving against people, and moving away from people. She argued that normal individuals flexibly use all three strategies, while neurotics rigidly adhere to just one.
Cattell's Theory of Personality
Raymond Bernard Cattell was a British and American psychologist known for describing behavior and developing theories of intelligence and personality. He proposed two types of general intelligence: fluid intelligence, which involves abstract reasoning and decreases with age, and crystallized intelligence, which involves learned skills and knowledge and increases with age. Cattell also developed theories of personality, including the Big Five personality traits of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Additionally, he proposed 16 primary personality factors and 5 global factors to comprehensively classify human personality. Cattell made major contributions through his extensive research and publication of over 500 articles and 50 books.
Trait theories personality theories
personality traits are "enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts." A trait is what we call a characteristic way in which an individual perceives, feels, believes, or acts.
Trait theories are the following
Three trait theory
16 personality factor theory
Universal trait theory
Big five model
HEXACO model
Carl rogers
Carl Rogers was an American psychologist who developed client-centered therapy. He believed that people have a natural tendency towards self-actualization. Rogers viewed personality as consisting of three components - self-worth, self-image, and ideal self. He argued that for healthy psychological development, individuals need unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy from important figures. When these needs are met, people can reduce incongruence between their real and ideal selves, moving towards congruence and fulfilling their potential. Critics argue Rogers was too optimistic about human nature and did not adequately address human capacity for evil.
Hull's Theory of Learning
Clark Hull developed a drive-reduction theory of learning that stated drives create arousal or tension that motivates behavior to reduce the drive, and learning occurs through conditioning when behaviors are associated with drive reduction. His theory proposed several concepts including habit strength, reaction inhibition, and effective reaction potential to explain learning quantitatively. Although influential, Hull's theory faced criticisms for not fully explaining real-world behavior and inconsistencies in its predictions.
Adlerian theory of personality
Adlerian theory views human nature positively and believes people can control their own fate. It stresses social interest and understanding a person's lifestyle to analyze their behavior. Early family interactions help shape feelings of inferiority or superiority and one's role in the family constellation. The theory views people as goal-oriented and focused on overcoming feelings of inferiority through social contribution and developing competence. A person's unique experiences and perceptions shape their understanding of reality.
projective Techniques
Projective tests such as the Rorschach inkblot test, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), and House-Tree-Person (HTP) test use ambiguous stimuli like inkblots or pictures to reveal hidden emotions and unconscious conflicts by analyzing subjects' responses. The Rorschach and HTP involve drawing interpretations while the TAT and other tests involve telling stories about pictures. These tests are used to assess personality traits, intelligence, and psychological disorders but require administration by trained professionals and subjective interpretation carries some risk of bias.
Recommended
Hans Eysenck theory of Personality
Hans Eysenck theorized personality to be genetically embedded. He narrowed personality to 3 types Psychoticism, Neuroticism and Extroverted
Horney's theory
Karen Horney was a German psychoanalyst who developed theories about how social and cultural conditions, especially childhood experiences, shape personality. She believed that people whose needs for love and affection are not satisfied in childhood develop basic anxiety and hostility towards their parents. Horney identified three neurotic strategies people use to cope: moving towards people, moving against people, and moving away from people. She argued that normal individuals flexibly use all three strategies, while neurotics rigidly adhere to just one.
Cattell's Theory of Personality
Raymond Bernard Cattell was a British and American psychologist known for describing behavior and developing theories of intelligence and personality. He proposed two types of general intelligence: fluid intelligence, which involves abstract reasoning and decreases with age, and crystallized intelligence, which involves learned skills and knowledge and increases with age. Cattell also developed theories of personality, including the Big Five personality traits of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Additionally, he proposed 16 primary personality factors and 5 global factors to comprehensively classify human personality. Cattell made major contributions through his extensive research and publication of over 500 articles and 50 books.
Trait theories personality theories
personality traits are "enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts." A trait is what we call a characteristic way in which an individual perceives, feels, believes, or acts.
Trait theories are the following
Three trait theory
16 personality factor theory
Universal trait theory
Big five model
HEXACO model
Carl rogers
Carl Rogers was an American psychologist who developed client-centered therapy. He believed that people have a natural tendency towards self-actualization. Rogers viewed personality as consisting of three components - self-worth, self-image, and ideal self. He argued that for healthy psychological development, individuals need unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy from important figures. When these needs are met, people can reduce incongruence between their real and ideal selves, moving towards congruence and fulfilling their potential. Critics argue Rogers was too optimistic about human nature and did not adequately address human capacity for evil.
Hull's Theory of Learning
Clark Hull developed a drive-reduction theory of learning that stated drives create arousal or tension that motivates behavior to reduce the drive, and learning occurs through conditioning when behaviors are associated with drive reduction. His theory proposed several concepts including habit strength, reaction inhibition, and effective reaction potential to explain learning quantitatively. Although influential, Hull's theory faced criticisms for not fully explaining real-world behavior and inconsistencies in its predictions.
Adlerian theory of personality
Adlerian theory views human nature positively and believes people can control their own fate. It stresses social interest and understanding a person's lifestyle to analyze their behavior. Early family interactions help shape feelings of inferiority or superiority and one's role in the family constellation. The theory views people as goal-oriented and focused on overcoming feelings of inferiority through social contribution and developing competence. A person's unique experiences and perceptions shape their understanding of reality.
projective Techniques
Projective tests such as the Rorschach inkblot test, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), and House-Tree-Person (HTP) test use ambiguous stimuli like inkblots or pictures to reveal hidden emotions and unconscious conflicts by analyzing subjects' responses. The Rorschach and HTP involve drawing interpretations while the TAT and other tests involve telling stories about pictures. These tests are used to assess personality traits, intelligence, and psychological disorders but require administration by trained professionals and subjective interpretation carries some risk of bias.
Theories of Personality: State and Trait Approaches to Personality
Surface Traits
- Observable traits like kindness, honesty,
helpfulness etc.
- Manifestations of deeper source traits.
- More specific and narrow in scope.
Source Traits
- Underlying broad dispositions or
tendencies.
- Not directly observable but inferred from
surface traits.
- Fewer in number but better predictors of
behaviour.
2. Constitutional Traits vs. Environmental Mould Traits
Constitutional Traits
- Innate or biologically determined traits like
intelligence, temperament etc.
- Relatively fixed and not much influenced by
environment.
Environmental Mould Traits
- Traits acquired through learning and
experience.
Item writing
Item writing involves 8 key steps: 1) defining what is to be measured, 2) generating an item pool, 3) avoiding long items, 4) considering reading level, 5) avoiding double-barreled items, 6) mixing positively and negatively worded items, 7) considering cultural sensitivity, and 8) realizing items become obsolete. There are several item formats including dichotomous (true/false), polytomous (multiple choice), Likert scales, category scales, checklists, and Q-sorts. Each format has advantages and disadvantages for assessing different traits like knowledge, attitudes, or personalities. Careful item writing following best practices can help ensure accurate assessment of test takers.
Big five factor
The document discusses the Big Five Factor personality model. It describes the five factors - Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. Extraversion relates to energy levels and sociability. Agreeableness indicates friendliness and cooperation. Conscientiousness is about self-discipline and achievement orientation. Neuroticism relates to stress, anxiety, and emotional stability. Openness involves intellectual curiosity and creativity. The document provides descriptions and examples of each factor and how they relate to behaviors and tendencies in individuals.
TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE
Sternberg developed a triarchic theory of intelligence comprising analytical, creative, and practical thinking elements that are balanced by metacognition. The analytical component involves planning, monitoring, and problem solving. The creative component focuses on developing new ideas and solutions. The practical component focuses on adapting to real-world contexts. Sternberg described types of people who rely more on certain elements, with the ideal being a balanced use of all three.
Muller lyer illusion
जब मस्तिष्क आंखों पर विश्वास नहीं करता है तो क्या होता है?
When brain do not believes on eyes what happens?...................
The word association test
Jung developed the word association test as a clinical diagnostic tool based on Galton's earlier research using word association to assess intelligence. The test involves reading a subject 100 stimulus words and recording their response times and answers, with abnormal response patterns indicating psychological complexes or deficiencies. Jung analyzed different types of responses and their prevalence in various mental conditions like schizophrenia and depression.
Attribution theory
This study aimed to identify student teachers' attributions for failing a Teaching English to Young Learners course at a Turkish university where failure rates were high. Data was collected through attribution questionnaires, locus of control scales, and interviews with 21 failing and 21 passing students. The results showed that failing students attributed their failure to internal factors like poor study skills and a preference for practical lessons over theoretical content, as well as external factors like unclear exam instructions, a difficult course workload, and crowded classes. Most failing students reported having an external locus of control and performance-focused achievement goals. The researchers suggested interventions to help students develop better study strategies and a more internal locus of control to improve outcomes.
Unit 04 personality in educational psychology
Unit 04 personality in educational psychology Course code 0840 Educational psychology from ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.
prepared by Ms. SAMAN BIBI & Mariam Rafique
Alfred Adler Individual Psychology
Alfred Adler Individual Psychology
Key Concepts of Individual Psychology
Adlerian counselling
Striving for Superiority (The Striving for Perfection, Striving for Self-Enhancement, Inferiority Feeling, Drive Satisfaction)
Styles of Life
Fictional Finalism
Humanistic theories
The document discusses humanistic theories of personality, including:
1. Humanistic psychology focuses on free will and people's active role in determining behavior rather than definitive factors.
2. Theories emphasize subjective experiences and optimism about human nature.
3. Key figures Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers believed people strive for self-actualization and develop in a self-concept through interactions with others.
Field theory of Kurt lewin ppt
Field theory proposes that an individual's psychological environment, or life space, is composed of the person and all external factors influencing their behavior, both consciously and unconsciously. A person's life space includes their needs, motives, beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and physical surroundings. Their movement and learning within this life space is determined by vectors of motivation toward or away from goals, and the positive or negative valences of different regions. Conflicts can arise when opposing vectors create approach-approach, approach-avoidance, or avoidance-avoidance dilemmas. Barriers may also restrict a person's movement toward their goals. According to field theory, learning occurs through perceptual reorganization of one's life space via locomotion between regions as their cognitive
Cattell's 16 PF Trait Theory
Raymond Cattell (1905-1998) broke personality traits into 16 categories using a statistical measure known as factor analysis to calculate the relationships among traits. Cattell hoped to determine how each trait influenced other traits in the same individual. For each of the 16 categories, Cattell measured a high end and a low end along a spectrum. For example, you might measure high on the cheerful - serious spectrum and low on the practical - imaginative spectrum.
16 pf psychometric test details
The document discusses the 16 Personality Factor (16PF) psychometric test. It describes the 16PF as a test that measures 16 underlying personality traits, without regard to how a person applies their personality in different environments. It provides details on each of the 16 factors and themes measured by the test, including what high and low scores on each factor indicate. The document is authored by Prof. Dinesh Soni, who has several qualifications and experience in psychology and as a certified 16PF professional.
Lesson 3 adler's individual psychology
1) Alfred Adler developed Individual Psychology, which views people as motivated by social influences and a striving for superiority rather than by sex and aggression as Freud believed.
2) Adler saw personality as shaped more by the future than the past and people as usually aware of their behavior and reasons for it rather than driven by unconscious forces.
3) Individual Psychology presents an optimistic view of human nature and potential.
Humanistic Theories: Carl Rogers
Carl Rogers was a major figure in humanistic psychology. He believed that humans have an innate tendency towards growth and self-actualization if provided an environment of unconditional positive regard. Rogers developed person-centered therapy which aims to provide clients with empathy, genuineness and warmth to help them move towards congruence between their real, perceived and ideal selves. He saw the fully functioning person as open, trusting, flexible and able to live fully in each moment. However, critics argue that Rogers' theory is too optimistic about human nature and risks promoting selfishness.
Neo personality inventory
The NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) is a widely used assessment of the five factor model of personality. It measures the five domains of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The NEO-PI was developed by Costa and McCrae in 1978 and has since been revised multiple times, with the current version being the NEO-PI-3. It is a 240 item self-report inventory that is easy to administer and provides a comprehensive assessment of normal adult personality.
Observational Learning by Albert Bandura
Observational learning describes the process of learning through watching others, retaining the information and then later replicating the behaviors that were observed.
Eysenck’s Hierarchial Model of Personality
Hans Eysenck proposed a hierarchical model of personality that is strongly rooted in biology. The major dimensions in Eysenck's model are extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. Eysenck believed these personality traits are caused by genetic predispositions and environmental factors. He also believed personality traits represent predispositions that can be modified through learning and conditioning techniques. Eysenck used factor analysis and other research methods to study personality dimensions and their biological underpinnings.
Projective tests dr ali
The document provides an overview of several projective tests used in psychology, including the Rorschach Inkblot Test, Thematic Apperception Test, Draw a Person Test, and Sentence Completion Test. It discusses the theoretical basis of projective tests in psychoanalytic theory, describing how they are designed to reveal hidden emotions and conflicts through ambiguous stimuli. The document then examines specific aspects of several tests, such as their history, materials, administration procedures, scoring, interpretation, and importance in psychological assessment.
Eysenck three personality trait theory
Hans Eysenck was a German psychologist who developed a personality theory based on three traits: Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism. These traits exist on continua and are influenced by genetics. Eysenck conducted studies using twins and brain imaging to support the biological basis of personality. He proposed a hierarchical model of personality with acts organizing into habits, traits, and factors. While popular, Eysenck's theory has been criticized for its lack of evidence and for questioning the predictive power of traits. Overall, the theory provided a descriptive and causal explanation of personality that has influenced many other theories.
Diagnosing the character’s mind
Using literary tropes and psychology to understand common character types and allow storytellers to create their own.
Personality development
This document provides an overview of personality development. It begins by defining personality as the dynamic organization of psychophysical systems that determine characteristic behavior and thoughts. It then discusses various theories and approaches to understanding personality, including:
- Types A and B personality
- Freud's psychosexual stages of development
- Erikson's psychosocial stages of development
- The Big Five model of personality traits (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism)
- Tripartite theory involving the Id, Ego, and Superego
- Behavioral theories like classical and operant conditioning
- Humanist theories focusing on self-worth, self-image, and ideal self
More Related Content
What's hot
Theories of Personality: State and Trait Approaches to Personality
Surface Traits
- Observable traits like kindness, honesty,
helpfulness etc.
- Manifestations of deeper source traits.
- More specific and narrow in scope.
Source Traits
- Underlying broad dispositions or
tendencies.
- Not directly observable but inferred from
surface traits.
- Fewer in number but better predictors of
behaviour.
2. Constitutional Traits vs. Environmental Mould Traits
Constitutional Traits
- Innate or biologically determined traits like
intelligence, temperament etc.
- Relatively fixed and not much influenced by
environment.
Environmental Mould Traits
- Traits acquired through learning and
experience.
Item writing
Item writing involves 8 key steps: 1) defining what is to be measured, 2) generating an item pool, 3) avoiding long items, 4) considering reading level, 5) avoiding double-barreled items, 6) mixing positively and negatively worded items, 7) considering cultural sensitivity, and 8) realizing items become obsolete. There are several item formats including dichotomous (true/false), polytomous (multiple choice), Likert scales, category scales, checklists, and Q-sorts. Each format has advantages and disadvantages for assessing different traits like knowledge, attitudes, or personalities. Careful item writing following best practices can help ensure accurate assessment of test takers.
Big five factor
The document discusses the Big Five Factor personality model. It describes the five factors - Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience. Extraversion relates to energy levels and sociability. Agreeableness indicates friendliness and cooperation. Conscientiousness is about self-discipline and achievement orientation. Neuroticism relates to stress, anxiety, and emotional stability. Openness involves intellectual curiosity and creativity. The document provides descriptions and examples of each factor and how they relate to behaviors and tendencies in individuals.
TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE
Sternberg developed a triarchic theory of intelligence comprising analytical, creative, and practical thinking elements that are balanced by metacognition. The analytical component involves planning, monitoring, and problem solving. The creative component focuses on developing new ideas and solutions. The practical component focuses on adapting to real-world contexts. Sternberg described types of people who rely more on certain elements, with the ideal being a balanced use of all three.
Muller lyer illusion
जब मस्तिष्क आंखों पर विश्वास नहीं करता है तो क्या होता है?
When brain do not believes on eyes what happens?...................
The word association test
Jung developed the word association test as a clinical diagnostic tool based on Galton's earlier research using word association to assess intelligence. The test involves reading a subject 100 stimulus words and recording their response times and answers, with abnormal response patterns indicating psychological complexes or deficiencies. Jung analyzed different types of responses and their prevalence in various mental conditions like schizophrenia and depression.
Attribution theory
This study aimed to identify student teachers' attributions for failing a Teaching English to Young Learners course at a Turkish university where failure rates were high. Data was collected through attribution questionnaires, locus of control scales, and interviews with 21 failing and 21 passing students. The results showed that failing students attributed their failure to internal factors like poor study skills and a preference for practical lessons over theoretical content, as well as external factors like unclear exam instructions, a difficult course workload, and crowded classes. Most failing students reported having an external locus of control and performance-focused achievement goals. The researchers suggested interventions to help students develop better study strategies and a more internal locus of control to improve outcomes.
Unit 04 personality in educational psychology
Unit 04 personality in educational psychology Course code 0840 Educational psychology from ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD.
prepared by Ms. SAMAN BIBI & Mariam Rafique
Alfred Adler Individual Psychology
Alfred Adler Individual Psychology
Key Concepts of Individual Psychology
Adlerian counselling
Striving for Superiority (The Striving for Perfection, Striving for Self-Enhancement, Inferiority Feeling, Drive Satisfaction)
Styles of Life
Fictional Finalism
Humanistic theories
The document discusses humanistic theories of personality, including:
1. Humanistic psychology focuses on free will and people's active role in determining behavior rather than definitive factors.
2. Theories emphasize subjective experiences and optimism about human nature.
3. Key figures Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers believed people strive for self-actualization and develop in a self-concept through interactions with others.
Field theory of Kurt lewin ppt
Field theory proposes that an individual's psychological environment, or life space, is composed of the person and all external factors influencing their behavior, both consciously and unconsciously. A person's life space includes their needs, motives, beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and physical surroundings. Their movement and learning within this life space is determined by vectors of motivation toward or away from goals, and the positive or negative valences of different regions. Conflicts can arise when opposing vectors create approach-approach, approach-avoidance, or avoidance-avoidance dilemmas. Barriers may also restrict a person's movement toward their goals. According to field theory, learning occurs through perceptual reorganization of one's life space via locomotion between regions as their cognitive
Cattell's 16 PF Trait Theory
Raymond Cattell (1905-1998) broke personality traits into 16 categories using a statistical measure known as factor analysis to calculate the relationships among traits. Cattell hoped to determine how each trait influenced other traits in the same individual. For each of the 16 categories, Cattell measured a high end and a low end along a spectrum. For example, you might measure high on the cheerful - serious spectrum and low on the practical - imaginative spectrum.
16 pf psychometric test details
The document discusses the 16 Personality Factor (16PF) psychometric test. It describes the 16PF as a test that measures 16 underlying personality traits, without regard to how a person applies their personality in different environments. It provides details on each of the 16 factors and themes measured by the test, including what high and low scores on each factor indicate. The document is authored by Prof. Dinesh Soni, who has several qualifications and experience in psychology and as a certified 16PF professional.
Lesson 3 adler's individual psychology
1) Alfred Adler developed Individual Psychology, which views people as motivated by social influences and a striving for superiority rather than by sex and aggression as Freud believed.
2) Adler saw personality as shaped more by the future than the past and people as usually aware of their behavior and reasons for it rather than driven by unconscious forces.
3) Individual Psychology presents an optimistic view of human nature and potential.
Humanistic Theories: Carl Rogers
Carl Rogers was a major figure in humanistic psychology. He believed that humans have an innate tendency towards growth and self-actualization if provided an environment of unconditional positive regard. Rogers developed person-centered therapy which aims to provide clients with empathy, genuineness and warmth to help them move towards congruence between their real, perceived and ideal selves. He saw the fully functioning person as open, trusting, flexible and able to live fully in each moment. However, critics argue that Rogers' theory is too optimistic about human nature and risks promoting selfishness.
Neo personality inventory
The NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) is a widely used assessment of the five factor model of personality. It measures the five domains of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The NEO-PI was developed by Costa and McCrae in 1978 and has since been revised multiple times, with the current version being the NEO-PI-3. It is a 240 item self-report inventory that is easy to administer and provides a comprehensive assessment of normal adult personality.
Observational Learning by Albert Bandura
Observational learning describes the process of learning through watching others, retaining the information and then later replicating the behaviors that were observed.
Eysenck’s Hierarchial Model of Personality
Hans Eysenck proposed a hierarchical model of personality that is strongly rooted in biology. The major dimensions in Eysenck's model are extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. Eysenck believed these personality traits are caused by genetic predispositions and environmental factors. He also believed personality traits represent predispositions that can be modified through learning and conditioning techniques. Eysenck used factor analysis and other research methods to study personality dimensions and their biological underpinnings.
Projective tests dr ali
The document provides an overview of several projective tests used in psychology, including the Rorschach Inkblot Test, Thematic Apperception Test, Draw a Person Test, and Sentence Completion Test. It discusses the theoretical basis of projective tests in psychoanalytic theory, describing how they are designed to reveal hidden emotions and conflicts through ambiguous stimuli. The document then examines specific aspects of several tests, such as their history, materials, administration procedures, scoring, interpretation, and importance in psychological assessment.
Eysenck three personality trait theory
Hans Eysenck was a German psychologist who developed a personality theory based on three traits: Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism. These traits exist on continua and are influenced by genetics. Eysenck conducted studies using twins and brain imaging to support the biological basis of personality. He proposed a hierarchical model of personality with acts organizing into habits, traits, and factors. While popular, Eysenck's theory has been criticized for its lack of evidence and for questioning the predictive power of traits. Overall, the theory provided a descriptive and causal explanation of personality that has influenced many other theories.
What's hot (20)
Theories of Personality: State and Trait Approaches to Personality
Theories of Personality: State and Trait Approaches to Personality
Similar to Eysenck's personality test
Diagnosing the character’s mind
Using literary tropes and psychology to understand common character types and allow storytellers to create their own.
Personality development
This document provides an overview of personality development. It begins by defining personality as the dynamic organization of psychophysical systems that determine characteristic behavior and thoughts. It then discusses various theories and approaches to understanding personality, including:
- Types A and B personality
- Freud's psychosexual stages of development
- Erikson's psychosocial stages of development
- The Big Five model of personality traits (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism)
- Tripartite theory involving the Id, Ego, and Superego
- Behavioral theories like classical and operant conditioning
- Humanist theories focusing on self-worth, self-image, and ideal self
Traits slide,5.12.2012
This document discusses different theories of personality traits. It describes trait theories proposed by Allport, Eysenck, Cattell, and the Big Five model. Allport defined traits as stable neuropsychic structures that influence behavior consistently across situations. Eysenck distinguished between traits and types, with types comprising sets of correlated traits. Cattell proposed surface and source traits. The Big Five model describes the five broad traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and Openness.
Trait theories - thiyagusuri
This document summarizes several major trait theories of personality psychology. It describes Gordon Allport's theory that categorized traits into cardinal, central, and secondary levels. It also discusses Raymond Cattell's 16 personality factor theory that used factor analysis to identify 16 main traits. Additionally, it outlines the Big Five model proposed by Lewis Goldberg comprising the traits of Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. The document concludes by noting some common criticisms of trait theories, such as being descriptive rather than explanatory and underestimating situational influences on behavior.
02 trait theory eysenck big 5
Trait theory proposes that personality can be described based on relatively stable traits. Hans Eysenck developed one of the earliest trait theories, identifying three key dimensions or "supertraits" of personality: neuroticism, extraversion, and psychoticism. Later research identified a five factor model known as the "Big Five" including openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. While trait theory allows comparison across individuals, it is more concerned with average group behaviors than understanding unique individuals.
Human Personality Intro
This document discusses personality and defines it as an individual's unique pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persists over time and across situations. It describes how personalities are often characterized by relatively enduring traits like sociability and dominance. Personality consists of all the stable and distinctive styles of thought, behavior, and emotional responses that shape how a person adapts to their surroundings. The major determinants of personality are said to be biological makeup, early life experiences, and learning, according to Western theorists.
Personality
This document discusses personality from several perspectives:
1) It defines personality as the ways an individual reacts and interacts with others and notes that personality is determined by heredity, environment, and situation.
2) It describes personality traits as enduring characteristics that describe behaviors and lists several primary and Big Five traits.
3) It introduces several models for understanding personality types, including the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Holland's Typology which links personality types to congruent occupations.
Modules 30 and 31 PowerPoint Slides
This document discusses several perspectives on personality including:
1) Freud's psychodynamic perspective which emphasizes unconscious motives and sexuality as the root of personality. It also describes defense mechanisms.
2) Jung's perspective which includes concepts like the collective unconscious, persona, anima/animus, and the shadow.
3) Rogers' humanistic perspective where personality is shaped by one's self-concept and the drive for self-actualization.
4) Bandura's social-cognitive perspective of reciprocal determinism where personality is constructed via interactions between socio-environmental factors, internal cognition, and behavior.
Personality and Stress
Personality plays a key role in how individuals respond to and cope with stress. The document discusses several personality types and traits that are either stress-prone or stress-resistant. Stress-prone personalities include Type A, codependent, helpless-hopeless, and irrational personalities. Stress-resistant personalities include Type B, hardy, survivor, and sensation-seeking personalities. Big Five traits like neuroticism and conscientiousness also impact stress responses. Locus of control, self-esteem, anger, and time management styles further influence individual stress levels.
Final personalityabrar11th oct 12.00am
The document discusses personality and various theories of personality. It defines personality as the dynamic concept describing an individual's psychological development and reactions to others. Personality is shaped by heredity, environment, and situations. Popular personality assessments like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator are described which categorize people into types based on traits like extraversion and intuition. The "Big Five" model of personality traits is also summarized. Occupations are suggested as suitable matches for different personality types.
Final personalityabrar11th oct 12.00am rough
The document discusses personality and its key aspects in 3 paragraphs. Personality is shaped by heredity, environment, and situations. It influences behaviors and interactions. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assesses personality types based on introversion/extroversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judging/perceiving. There are 16 personality types with descriptions. The Big Five model measures extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness. Personality traits are important for employee selection and job matching.
Psychometric tests
Psychometric tests aim to measure mental ability, aptitude, and personality to help employers select the most suitable job applicants. They are used by most large, well-known companies. Psychometric tests measure factors like how well one works with others, handles stress, and will cope with job demands. There are different types of tests, including personality tests using scales, IQ tests, and tests that analyze the 16 personality factors or preferred colors. The results provide insight into applicants' traits like extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness to help find the best match between individual and position.
Personality_and_its_Types.pptx
The document discusses key concepts in observational learning including observation, imitation, modeling, and the process of observational learning. It explains that observational learning occurs through attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation based on observing a model. Factors that influence modeling include characteristics of the model, attributes of the observer, and reward consequences associated with the behavior.
Personality
The document discusses personality from several perspectives:
1. It defines personality as consisting of traits that characterize an individual's behavior patterns. These traits include perception, emotion, responsiveness, sociability, and others.
2. Several theories of personality are described, including type theories based on physical characteristics, Jung's introvert/extrovert theory, and trait theories like Allport's that identify cardinal traits.
3. Methods of assessing personality include subjective reports, objective tests like the MMPI, and projective techniques like story completion tests. Understanding personality can assist with diagnosis and treatment in clinical settings.
Personality,Personality Traits and Personality development
Personality is defined as characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make a person unique. There are five main personality traits known as the Big Five - openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Personality develops through the interaction of temperament, character and environment over time. Developing one's personality through improving confidence, communication skills, knowledge, hobbies, etiquette and maintaining a positive outlook provides benefits such as a more vibrant personality, increased confidence, ability to form relationships, and career growth.
2012 - 02 trait theory eysenck big 5
Here are some potential strengths and weaknesses of the trait approach that could be discussed:
Strengths:
- Allows comparison across individuals
- Attempts to describe average behaviors
- Focuses on relatively stable characteristics
- Has led to identification of core personality dimensions
Weaknesses:
- May oversimplify human personality
- Does not fully capture within-person variability
- Prone to cultural bias in trait definitions
- Offers limited explanation of behavior
- Assumes traits are stable across situations
Personality and its theories
hello friend...u plz add ur efforts in dis n use dis juzz as a source am trying my best in prepaing dis.
Venture Leadership Session 3
This document provides contact information for two offices of an organization, one located in Washington D.C. and the other in New York City. It then discusses various emotional traits like fear and greed that can negatively impact teamwork and communication. The rest of the document offers advice on improving interpersonal skills, maintaining effective communication characteristics, and developing leadership traits like confidence, authenticity, responsibility and empathy.
Personality devolopment
This document discusses various aspects of personality, including definitions, components, development, and factors that influence personality. It provides definitions of personality from several psychologists and outlines the key components that make up human personality, including external appearance/behavior, inner self-awareness, and patterns of traits. The document also discusses personality development and lists several important factors that influence how personalities form, such as communication skills, appearance, manners, confidence, and emotional control.
Personality presentation2021
This document provides an overview of the concept of personality, including definitions, theories, formation and development, structure, factors, types, traits, self-concept, self-esteem, and measurement. It discusses traditional beliefs about personality being inherited and changing with the body. It defines personality as a distinctive pattern of behavior, thoughts, and emotions. Theories discussed include psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, and trait theories. The document outlines the scope and provides information on various aspects of personality.
Similar to Eysenck's personality test (20)
Personality,Personality Traits and Personality development
Personality,Personality Traits and Personality development
More from mattyp99
NEO MARXISM and RELIGION
The document discusses Marxists' views on the dual nature of religion. While Marxists typically see religion as a tool used by the ruling class to control the working class, they also acknowledge religion can sometimes promote social change that benefits the lower classes. This dual character is identified by Marx, Engels, Bloch and Gramsci. Engels noted early Christian sects opposed Roman rule similar to socialist movements. Bloch saw religious hope and utopian visions as potentially inspiring social change. Gramsci viewed religion as both challenging and reinforcing ruling class ideology and power at different times and places. The document examines evidence from Marxist thinkers about religion's complex relationship to social and economic forces.
Values: Handout Booklet
Sociologists debate the extent to which their research can or should be objective and value-free. Some argue that complete objectivity is impossible since sociologists have personal values that inevitably influence their work. Others believe research should strive for objectivity by following scientific methods and keeping personal values separate. Max Weber proposed that values guide research topics but should not influence data collection or analysis, though they are relevant for interpreting results. More recently, some sociologists argue their research should openly promote certain political values like equality. The relationship between sociologists' work and their sources of funding or career ambitions also raises questions about objectivity versus value-laden research.
11 Functionalism: Cloze test exercise solution
Functionalism views society as a system of interconnected parts that work together to ensure stability. It emphasizes how each institution fulfills necessary functions for both individuals and the whole society. However, it is criticized for overlooking conflict and change, as well as the power dynamics that influence social order. Functionalism provides an overly harmonious view of society that takes a politically conservative position.
Info functionalism from sociology a level theory and methods 9 3-10
Functionalism views society as a system of interconnected institutions that work together to maintain social order and stability. Functionalists believe that institutions like the family, education system, economy and religion all serve important functions in socializing individuals, regulating behavior, and meeting societal needs. While functionalism sees social change as gradual and inevitable to restore equilibrium when one institution changes, its critics argue it is too conservative and ignores social conflict.
Functionalism: Cloze test exercise
Functionalism views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability and solidarity. It provides a harmonious view of how each institution fulfills needs at both the individual and societal levels. However, it is criticized for overlooking conflict and change, as well as taking a politically conservative position that sees social structures as determining people's behaviors rather than allowing for individual agency.
Functionalism work sheet
Functionalism views society as a system of interconnected parts that work together to ensure stability. Theorists like Durkheim, Marx, Parsons, and Merton analyzed how social order is maintained through mechanisms like shared values and norms. Parsons specifically identified two types of societies - traditional and modern - that differ on factors such as ascription versus achievement. He believed societies evolve through processes like structural differentiation, where institutions specialize functions, and dynamic equilibrium, where changes in one area produce compensatory changes elsewhere. While functionalism emphasizes social cohesion, critics argue it overlooks social conflict and overlooks unintended consequences of actions.
Durkheim and Suicide
Durkheim's classic 1897 work on suicide was groundbreaking as it demonstrated suicide was a sociological phenomenon rather than solely an individual psychological matter. He showed suicide rates in societies remained remarkably stable, implying they were influenced by societal rather than individual factors. Durkheim developed a typology of suicide consisting of egoistic, altruistic, anomic, and fatalistic types, defined by the degree to which society integrated and regulated individuals. Later positivist critiques found Durkheim overemphasized religion's role and lacked operational definitions, while his reliance on incomplete 19th century statistics limited verification of results.
Suicide: Douglas' Interpretivist Approach
1. Jack Douglas heavily criticizes Durkheim's positivist theory of suicide. He argues that positivists fail to understand the meanings of suicide for those involved.
2. Douglas criticizes Durkheim's use of suicide statistics, arguing that coroner verdicts are social constructs influenced by others' agendas, not facts. Well-integrated individuals may have their suicides covered up.
3. Douglas also criticizes Durkheim for ignoring the unique meanings of suicide for each individual. He proposes a four-part typology of suicidal meanings based on qualitative analysis of suicide notes.
Suicide: Atkinson's Ethnomethodological Approach
Max Atkinson criticizes Durkheim's positivist approach to studying suicide, which relied on statistics and social facts. Atkinson uses an ethnomethodological approach to argue that suicide statistics are simply interpretations constructed by coroners using their commonsense assumptions about what constitutes a typical suicide. Coroners categorize deaths as suicides based on factors like the method of death, location, life history, and evidence of suicidal notes or threats. Therefore, suicide statistics reflect coroners' subjective interpretations rather than an objective rate of suicide. A comparative study showed Danish and English coroners categorized cases differently due to differences in their countries' legal standards for a suicide verdict.
9 Control & Punishment BOOKLET
Situational crime prevention focuses on reducing opportunities for crime by managing the immediate environment where crimes occur. It aims to increase the effort and risks of committing crimes. Examples include improving home security, increased surveillance. Critics argue it may simply displace crime to new locations or times rather than reducing it. Environmental crime prevention, based on "broken windows" theory, suggests promptly addressing signs of disorder to prevent neighborhoods from deteriorating into areas of crime. "Zero tolerance policing" enforces laws strictly, even for minor offenses, with the goal of reducing serious crimes. However, the effectiveness of this approach is debated given other factors that influence crime rates.
9 Prisons in the United States
The United States has the highest prison population in the world, incarcerating over 2 million people despite having less than 5% of the world's total population. The US incarceration rate dwarfs other major industrialized nations, imprisoning 751 people per 100,000 citizens compared to rates of 151 in England and 88 in Germany. Criminologists attribute the high incarceration rate to several factors, including harsher sentencing laws, the war on drugs, and a lack of social safety net programs.
9 Punishment HANDOUT
Sociological perspectives view punishment as serving social control functions. Durkheim argued punishment upholds social solidarity by expressing moral outrage, while distinguishing between retributive justice in traditional societies and restitutive justice in modern societies. Marxists see punishment maintaining the social order under capitalism. Foucault analyzed the shift from sovereign power's public executions to disciplinary power's surveillance and self-discipline in prisons and other institutions since the 19th century.
9 Punishment: Four reasons for sending people to prison
This document discusses the four main justifications for punishment: deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation, and retribution. It provides statements related to each justification and asks the reader to match the statement to the correct justification. It also asks the reader to identify which justifications are discussed in a DVD clip about whether prisons work.
9 Punishment: POWERPOINT
This document discusses different justifications for punishment and sociological perspectives on punishment. There are four main justifications for punishment: deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation, and retribution. Various sociological perspectives are also discussed, including functionalism, Marxism, and the views of Michel Foucault. Functionalists see punishment as upholding social solidarity and shared values. Marxists see punishment as maintaining the existing social order under capitalism. Foucault analyzed the shift from sovereign power to disciplinary power and how punishment has changed from physical to imprisonment and surveillance.
9 Painter Farrington1999 street lighting study: SITUATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the impact of improved street lighting on crime rates in Stoke-on-Trent, UK. Victimization surveys were conducted before and after lighting improvements in an experimental area, as well as in adjacent and control areas with no changes. The prevalence and incidence of crime decreased substantially more in the experimental area compared to the control area, indicating that improved street lighting caused a decrease in crime. Benefits also extended to the adjacent area, suggesting a "diffusion of benefits". The findings provide strong evidence that improving street lighting can reduce crime by increasing visibility and opportunities for natural surveillance.
9 Social Control: POWERPOINT
The document discusses three strategies for preventing crime: situational crime prevention, environmental crime prevention, and social and community crime prevention. It notes that these strategies focus on a narrow range of harms like violent crime and burglary, but ignore more powerful crimes and environmental crimes. The strategies reflect the priorities of crime prevention agencies. Research in the UK found agencies were interested in crimes like car theft and drugs, but not waste or water pollution offenses.
9 Social Control POWERPOINT
The document discusses three strategies for preventing crime: situational crime prevention, environmental crime prevention, and social and community crime prevention. It evaluates these strategies, noting that they focus on a narrow range of harms like violent crime and burglary, rather than "crimes of the powerful" or environmental crimes. The document cites a survey that found crime prevention partnerships were interested in targeting crimes like car theft and drugs, but had no interest in waste offenses or pollution that impacts community health.
9 Pre-School Perry Project
The HighScope Perry Preschool Study was a landmark study started in 1962 that provided high-quality preschool to 123 African American children living in poverty who were at risk of school failure. The children were randomly assigned to a program group that received preschool or a control group that did not. Assessments found that by age 40, those who had preschool were more likely to hold a job, earn more money, commit fewer crimes, and graduate from high school than those who did not receive preschool. The study demonstrated long-term benefits of high-quality early education for at-risk children.
8 The Social Conditions of State Crime HANDOUT
Kelman and Hamilton studied the My Lai massacre in Vietnam and identified three features that can produce crimes of obedience: authorization, where normal moral principles are replaced by the duty to obey those in authority; routinization, where once an act is committed there is pressure to turn it into a routine detached act; and dehumanization, where the enemy is portrayed as subhuman rather than human. Some sociologists argue that modern society can create conditions for large-scale state crimes through features like science, technology, and division of labor that allow victims to be dehumanized and mass murder to become an administrative routine task, as was the case with the Holocaust.
Gendered division of labour essay
While relationships are becoming more equal in some ways, roles within families remain unequal overall. Younger, wealthier couples are more likely to have symmetrical relationships where domestic responsibilities are shared, but many women still undertake a "dual burden" of paid work and the majority of unpaid housework and childcare. Same-sex female couples tend to divide labor more equally since gender roles do not pressure them into separate tasks, but heterosexual relationships remain influenced by traditional patriarchal norms that define men as primary decision-makers. Domestic violence also disproportionately affects women, highlighting ongoing inequality within families.
More from mattyp99 (20)
Info functionalism from sociology a level theory and methods 9 3-10
Info functionalism from sociology a level theory and methods 9 3-10
9 Punishment: Four reasons for sending people to prison
9 Punishment: Four reasons for sending people to prison
9 Painter Farrington1999 street lighting study: SITUATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION
9 Painter Farrington1999 street lighting study: SITUATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION
Eysenck's personality test
- 1. Eysenck’s Personality types Introvert: People who are shy and often withdrawn who tends to keep their thoughts and emotions to themselves. Extrovert: An outgoing confident person who likes to express their thoughts and emotions.
- 2. A Moody Anxious Rigid Sober Pessimistic Reserved Unsociable Quiet B Touchy Restless Aggressive Excitable Changeable Impulsive Optimistic Active C Passive Careful Thoughtful Peaceful Controlled Reliable Even-tempered Calm D Sociable Outgoing Talkative Responsive Easy-going Lively Carefree Leadership Are you an INTROVERT or and EXTROVERT? Ask Hans Eysenck. Read the following groups of characteristics. Which group best fit you and your personality?
- 3. Eysenck’s Personality Testing A Introverted, unstable B Extroverted, unstable Most likely to have deviant characteristics and to be criminal because least susceptible to social control C Introverted, stable D Extroverted, stable