I found no good source for extractive distillation on the internet.So i decided to make one myself.This ppt discusses about the technology,its working and benefits.It compares extractive distillation side by side to azeotropic distillation and counts the advantages.
Presentation on Azeotropic and Extractive Distillation. Introduction about distillation, azeotropic and extractive distillation and the difference between them.
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project (https://www.spire2030.eu/impress).
Section: Distillation
Subject: 0.2 Introduction to distillation.
Presentation on Azeotropic and Extractive Distillation. Introduction about distillation, azeotropic and extractive distillation and the difference between them.
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project (https://www.spire2030.eu/impress).
Section: Distillation
Subject: 0.2 Introduction to distillation.
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project (https://www.spire2030.eu/impress).
Subject: 2.4 Plate efficiencies.
The processing technique employing a suspension or fluidization of small solid particles in a vertically rising stream of fluid usually gas so that fluid and solid come into intimate contact. This is a tool with many applications in the petroleum and chemical process industries. Suspensions of solid particles by vertically rising liquid streams are of lesser interest in modern processing, but have been shown to be of use, particularly in liquid contacting of ion-exchange resins. However, they come in this same classification and their use involves techniques of liquid settling, both free and hindered (sedimentation), classification, and density flotation.
Reactive distillation
LeChatelier’s law
conventional process
mtbe production using Reactive distillation
various contact devices used for Reactive distillation
advantages of Reactive distillation
disadvantages of Reactive distillation
application of Reactive distillation
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project (https://www.spire2030.eu/impress).
Section: Distillation
Subject: 1.2 Flash distillation.
Koch Modular Process Systems, LLC. (KMPS) Extraction Technology Group specializes in the design and supply of liquid-liquid extraction equipment engineered to fulfill the chemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, biotech and flavor & fragrance industries’ increasingly challenging purification requirements. Our extractor design expertise includes SCHEIBEL® Columns, KARR® Columns, rotating disc contactor (RDC) columns, pulsed, packed (SMVP) and sieve tray.
At KMPS, we don’t just sell extraction equipment; we supply solutions to your difficult separation applications.
KMPS also provides replacements parts, repair services and troubleshooting assistance for all types of extraction columns. A qualified technician or engineer can be provided on-site for both mechanical and process related support.
Types of Distillation & column internalsBharat Kumar
More:- https://chemicalengineeringworld.com
Distillation is a method of separating the components of a solution which depends upon distribution of the substances between a gas and liquid phase, applied to cases where all components are present in both phases.
* What is distillation ?
* Types of Distillation
* Batch Distillation
* Azeotropic Distillation
* Flooding
* Priming
* Coning
* Weeping
* Dumping
* Packed Column
* Tray column
* Reflux Ratio
* Relative volatility
* Distillation column
Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility (volatility is the tendency of a substance to vaporize. Volatility is directly related to a substance's vapor pressure.) of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction
Different settling methods in mechanical operations Jaydrath Sindhav
Its part of sedimentation which is covered under the Mechanical operations. It contains the gravity sedimentation, clarifier and classifiers, sink and float method, gravity and sorting classifiers, differential settling methods etc....
Its just gives basic concept of sedimentation.
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project (https://www.spire2030.eu/impress).
Subject: 2.4 Plate efficiencies.
The processing technique employing a suspension or fluidization of small solid particles in a vertically rising stream of fluid usually gas so that fluid and solid come into intimate contact. This is a tool with many applications in the petroleum and chemical process industries. Suspensions of solid particles by vertically rising liquid streams are of lesser interest in modern processing, but have been shown to be of use, particularly in liquid contacting of ion-exchange resins. However, they come in this same classification and their use involves techniques of liquid settling, both free and hindered (sedimentation), classification, and density flotation.
Reactive distillation
LeChatelier’s law
conventional process
mtbe production using Reactive distillation
various contact devices used for Reactive distillation
advantages of Reactive distillation
disadvantages of Reactive distillation
application of Reactive distillation
Slides for the eLearning course Separation and purification processes in biorefineries (https://open-learn.xamk.fi) in IMPRESS project (https://www.spire2030.eu/impress).
Section: Distillation
Subject: 1.2 Flash distillation.
Koch Modular Process Systems, LLC. (KMPS) Extraction Technology Group specializes in the design and supply of liquid-liquid extraction equipment engineered to fulfill the chemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, biotech and flavor & fragrance industries’ increasingly challenging purification requirements. Our extractor design expertise includes SCHEIBEL® Columns, KARR® Columns, rotating disc contactor (RDC) columns, pulsed, packed (SMVP) and sieve tray.
At KMPS, we don’t just sell extraction equipment; we supply solutions to your difficult separation applications.
KMPS also provides replacements parts, repair services and troubleshooting assistance for all types of extraction columns. A qualified technician or engineer can be provided on-site for both mechanical and process related support.
Types of Distillation & column internalsBharat Kumar
More:- https://chemicalengineeringworld.com
Distillation is a method of separating the components of a solution which depends upon distribution of the substances between a gas and liquid phase, applied to cases where all components are present in both phases.
* What is distillation ?
* Types of Distillation
* Batch Distillation
* Azeotropic Distillation
* Flooding
* Priming
* Coning
* Weeping
* Dumping
* Packed Column
* Tray column
* Reflux Ratio
* Relative volatility
* Distillation column
Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility (volatility is the tendency of a substance to vaporize. Volatility is directly related to a substance's vapor pressure.) of components in a boiling liquid mixture. Distillation is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction
Different settling methods in mechanical operations Jaydrath Sindhav
Its part of sedimentation which is covered under the Mechanical operations. It contains the gravity sedimentation, clarifier and classifiers, sink and float method, gravity and sorting classifiers, differential settling methods etc....
Its just gives basic concept of sedimentation.
Chemical engineers are often presented with the task of designing complicated separations processes for product recovery or purification. When conventional distillation is not a viable option for separating two or more chemicals, extractive distillation can be used. Extractive distillation is a good solution for compounds that have low relative volatilities, or that form an azeotrope.
In this webinar, Koch Modular will provide insight on utilizing extractive distillation as a technique for the separation and recovery of valuable chemicals. Please join Alan Erickson as he discusses the design and application of extractive distillation systems, along with two “real-world” examples.
An azeotrope is a complex formed by two or more chemicals and has the same composition in the liquid and vapor phase. This interesting property means that the compound mixture distills without separating. Homogeneous and heterogeneous varieties require different methods for separation.
Effect Of Addition Of Calcium Chloride On Separation Of Acetic Acid-Water Mix...IJARIIE JOURNAL
The study of influence of salt on vapour liquid equilibrium of solvent mixture is of interest, because addition of salt
to a mixed solvent will enhance the relative volatility and break azeotrope of the mixture.Salt-Effect distillation is a
method of Extractive distillation in which salt is dissolved in the mixture of liquids to be distilled. The salt acts as a
separating agent by raising the relative volatility of the mixture and by breaking any azeotropes that may otherwise
form.Vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE), is a condition where a liquid and its vapour (gas phase) are in equilibrium
with each other or more precisely a state where the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation on a
molecular level such that there is no overall vapor-liquid inter-conversion. The addition of calcium chloride to this
solvent mixture increases the water concentration in vapour phase at equilibrium. This indicates a preferential
association of salt with less volatile component, acetic acid in the acetic acid-water mixture, water is more volatile
component in acetic acid-water mixture. Most of the Salt effect studies were carried out at saturated level of salt.
The objective is to study the effect of addition of CaCl
on separation of Acetic acid – water mixture and to find out
the possibility of the use of concentrated solution of CaCl
2
as a solvent for separating dilute solution of acetic acid
in water by extractive distillation process.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
2. Contents
Introduction
Schematic
Example of toluene –isooctane mixture
Selection of Solvent
Industrial examples
Limitations
Comparison with azeotropic distillation
Example of ethanol- water modified process
Design and Optimization
Effect of Solvent
Process using Solid Salt
Process using combination of solid salt and liquid solvent
Example in Everyday life
References
Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 2
3. Introduction
Extractive distillation is defined as distillation in the presence of a
miscible, high boiling, relatively non-volatile component, the solvent, that
forms no azeotrope with the other components in the mixture. The
Solvent is added to alter the relative volatilities of components in the
feed. The method is used for mixtures having a low value of relative
volatility, nearing unity.
Close boiling mixtures cannot be separated by simple distillation,
because the volatility of the two components in the mixture is nearly the
same, causing them to vaporize at nearly the same temperature at a
similar rate, making normal distillation impractical.
Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 3
4. Schematic
The configuration consists of a double- feed
extractive column (1) & a solvent recovery
column (2).
The solvent is introduced into the extractive
column at a high concentration a few stages
below the condenser, but above the primary-
feed stage.
One of the components, A is withdrawn as an
essentially pure distillate stream. The bottoms
product, consisting of B and the solvent, is
sent to the recovery column. The distillate
from the recovery column is pure B, and the
solvent-bottoms product is recycled to the
extractive column.
Extractive Distillation Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTU4
5. Example
The separation of toluene (bp110.8 oC) from
iso-octane (bp 99.3 oC).
Addition of phenol (bp 181.4 oC) results in the
formation of phenol-toluene mixture that
leaves the extractive distillation column as
bottoms, while iso-octane is recovered as
overhead product.
The phenol-toluene mixture is further
separated in a second column whereby toluene
appears as distillate and the bottoms product,
phenol, is recycled back to the first column.
Extractive Distillation Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTU5
6. Example (contd.)
When the solvent is added to the original feed mixture it forms a
new mixture with one of the feed components by "absorbing" that
component.
This new mixture has a much higher boiling point than the other
feed component that is not absorbed so that it leaves as bottoms
product from the extractive distillation column. The unabsorbed
feed component then leaves as the overhead product.
Remark
The absence of azeotropes plus the fact that the solvent can be
recovered by simple distillation makes extractive distillation a less
complex and more widely useful process than azeotropic distillation.
Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 6
7. Selection Of Solvent
The solvent selectively alters the activity coefficients of the components being separated. To
do this, a high concentration of solvent is necessary. Several features are essential:
Must be chosen to affect the liquid-phase behavior of the key components differently;
otherwise, no enhancement in separability will occur.
Must be higher-boiling than the key components of the separation and must be relatively non-
volatile in the extractive column, in order to remain largely in the liquid phase.
Should not form additional azeotropes with the components in the mixture to be separated.
The extractive column must be a double-feed column, with the solvent feed above the primary
feed. The column must have an extractive section (middle section) between the rectifying
section and the stripping section.
Inexpensive and easily available.
Stable at operating condition of both of column.
Easily separable from the bottom product.
Non-corrosive and non-toxic.
Non-reactive with feed component.
Higher boiling than the key components of the separation.
Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 7
9. Limitations of Extractive Distillation
Only applicable to systems in which the components to be
separated contain one or more different functional groups.
Extractive distillation is usually uneconomical for separating
stereoisomers, homologs, or structural isomers containing the
same functional groups.
One such counterexample is the separation of ethanol from
isopropanol, where the addition of methyl benzoate raises the
relative volatility from 1.09 to 1.2
Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 9
10. Comparison between Azeotropic distillation and Extractive distillation
Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 10
Many of the entrainers used in azeotropic distillation are either proven or
suspected carcinogens or otherwise classified as hazardous pollutants. Using
the example of ethanol-water, noted that benzene is the entrainer. Benzene is
too hazardous for various reasons ranging from workplace to product to
environmental safety. An alternative to recover ethanol is to use extractive
distillation. The solvent used is Propylene Glycol.
Health Hazard
11. Effect of Solvent
With some solvents, the key component with the lower pure-component boiling point
in the original mixture will be recovered in the distillate as in ordinary distillation. For
another solvent, the expected order may be reversed. The possibility that the expected
relative volatility may be reversed by the addition of solvent is entirely a function of the
way the solvent interacts with and modifies the activity coefficients and, thus, the
volatility of the components in the mixture.
In normal applications of extractive distillation (i.e., pinched, close-boiling, or
azeotropic systems), the relative volatilities between the light and heavy key
components will be unity or close to unity. Assuming an ideal vapor phase and
subcritical components-
Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 11
12. Effect of Solvent
Relative volatility is enhanced when the ϒ of the lower-boiling pure component is
increased by the solvent addition (ϒL/ϒH increases and PL
sat/PH
sat > 1 ). In this case,
the lower-boiling pure component will be recovered in the distillate as expected.
For the higher-boiling pure component to be recovered in the distillate, the addition
of the solvent must decrease the ratio ϒL/ ϒH such that the product of ϒL/ ϒH and PL
sat / PH
sat (that is, a L H) < 1 .Generally, the latter is more difficult to achieve and
requires higher solvent-to-feed ratios. It is normally better to select a solvent that
forces the lower-boiling component overhead.
The Selectivity of solvents can be expressed as:
S ij = (α ij )T /(α ij )B
where
(α ij ) T is relative volatility for ternary mixture
(α ij ) B is relative volatility for binary mixture
Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 12
13. EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION BY SOLID SALT
In systems where solubility permits, it is feasible
to use a solid salt dissolve into the liquid phase,
rather than a liquid additive.
The salt must be adequately soluble in both
components throughout the range of
compositions in the column. Since the salt is
completely non-volatile, it remains in the liquid
phase on each tray and alters the relative volatility
throughout the length of the column.
No rectification section is needed above the salt
feed. The bottoms product is recovered from the
salt solution by evaporation or drying, and the salt
is recycled.
Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 13
14. EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION BY SOLID SALT
Applications
These include acetate salts to produce absolute ethanol, magnesium nitrate for the
production of concentrated nitric acid as an alternative to the sulfuric acid solvent
process, and calcium chloride to produce anhydrous hydrogen chloride. One problem
limiting the consideration of salt extractive distillation is the fact that the performance
and solubility of a salt in a particular system are difficult to predict without experimental
data. Some recent advances have been made in modeling the VLE behavior of organic
aqueous salt solutions using modified UNIFAC.
Advantages and Disadvantages
The difficulty of transport and metering of solid or saturated salt solution.
Slow mixing or less dissolution rate of the salt and limits to solubility in feed
component.
The most effective advantages of salt can be found, Energy usage, equipment size,
capital investment and ultimate separation cost can be reduced.
The performance and solubility of a salt in a particular system are difficult to predict
without experimental data.
Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 14
15. THE COMBINATION OF LIQUID AND SOLID SALT
Separation of C4 Mixture
When acetonitrile (ACN) is regarded as an basic solvent, organic solvents including water
and ethylenediamine are added to it. It is found that a little of solid salt added to ACN can
effectively improve the relative volatility and the effect of solid salt is close to water and
stronger than ethylenediamine. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is another solvent
commonly used to separate C4 mixture.
Advantages and Disadvantages
It integrates the advantages of liquid solvent (easy operation) and solid salt (high
separation ability). Whether it is of separating polar systems or non-polar systems,
extractive distillation with the combination of liquid solvent and solid salt may be feasible.
Unfortunately, many solid salts are corrosive to the equipment and easies to decompose
at high temperature. On the other hand, since the amount of solid salts added to the
liquid solvents is often small, the role of solid salts in improving the separation ability is
doomed to be limited. Besides, liquid solvents are volatile, which inevitably pollutes the
top product of the extractive distillation column.
Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 15
16. Extractive Distillation In Everyday Life
Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 16
When you get gum stuck in your
hair it is difficult to separate the
gum from the individual hair
strands. BUT, if you introduce a
third substance like vegetable oil
or peanut butter it changes the
properties and consistency of the
gum, making it easier to extract
from you beautiful head of hair.
17. References
Shanjul Shrivastava,MTech Chemical,HBTUExtractive Distillation 17
1. J. H. Perry, Perry’s chemical engineer’s handbook, 8 th ed., p.p.:-
1 3- 88 to 93, McGraw-Hill.
2. Zhigang Lei, Chengyue Lie and Biaohua Chen, Separation and
purification review-vol.-32, no.2, 2003.
3. S.B.Thakore & B.I.Bhatt, process engineering and design p.p.:–
519, Tata-Mc Graw-Hill.
4. Robert Treybal, Mass-transfer operations, p.p.:-457, Mc Graw-
Hill
5. Separationprocesses.com
6. Researchgate.com
7. Slideshare.net