This document discusses various methods for breaking azeotropes in distillation operations. An azeotrope is a mixture that boils as a single composition in liquid and vapor phases, making separation via simple distillation impossible. The easiest type to break is a heterogeneous azeotrope, using a combination of distillation and decantation into separate phases. Pressure swing distillation and azeotropic distillation using an additional entrainer component are effective for homogeneous azeotropes. Other techniques include extractive distillation, liquid-liquid extraction, and newer membrane technologies. Determining the best approach requires substantial experience, as pilot testing is usually needed to account for real feedstock variations not seen in