Expert systems are a type of artificial intelligence application that uses knowledge about a specific domain to provide expert-level advice to users. They contain a knowledge base of facts and rules developed with the help of knowledge engineers who work with human experts. The expert system's inference engine processes the knowledge base to make inferences and recommendations for users similarly to a human consultant. This indicates that knowledge is essential for expert systems to function properly.

1. Expert System
• Most wide application of AI. An expert system is
knowledge based IS that uses its knowledge
about a specific , complex application area to act
as an expert consultant to end user.
• Expert system provide answers on specific issues
by making human like inferences (like a
consultant or expert) about knowledge
contained in knowledge base.
• This indicates that knowledge is essential for
expert system to work

2. components
1. Knowledge base i.e facts about specific area
(e.g A is student) alongwith heurisitics (rules
of thumb)-(A will appear for exams)
• Machine learns the above mainly by:
• Case-Based Reasoning- in past this has
happened so now..................
• Rule based Knowledge- If this happens then
do this.......

3. KMS
• H:KMS.doc

4. components
• 2. System resources
• Expert system software package consist of
inference engine. The inference engine
program processes the knowledge related to
specific problem. It then makes associations
and inferences resulting in recommended
courses of action for user

5. Link showing components
• H:IMG_20160315_151243.jpg

6. 5 categories of expert system
application
• Decision management: system appraise
alternatives and suggest ..e.g. loan portfolio
analysis, employees performance evaluation
• Diagnostic/troubleshooting: identify causes
from symptoms
• Software debugging, medical diagnosis
• Design/configuration- system that help
configure equipment components

7. • Selection/classification: system chooses
products or processes
• Material selection
• Process monitoring/control: system monitors
and control processes
• Inventory control

8. Knowledge engineer
• He is person works with experts to capture
knowledge. This knowledge is used to develop
knowledge base of expert system

9. OLAP
• Online analytical processing
• It enables managers to interactively examine
and manipulate large amounts of detailed and
consolidated data from many perspectives.
OLAP involves analyzing complex relationships
among thousands or even millions of data
item stored in data marts, data warehouses
and other multidimensional databases to
discover trends, patterns and exceptions

10. Analytical operations in OLAP
• Consolidation: involves aggregation of data. e.g.
sales office- area office- regional office
• Drill down: data from consolidation could be used
to find information in reverse order
• E.g. regional office area office sales office
• Slicing and dicing; looking at database from
different view point.. Financial audit vs sales audit

11. OLAP processing
Client’s PC
OLAP
server
Multidimensional
database
Corporate
database

12. • Client pc : spreadsheets, statistical packages,
olap software
• OLAP server: data are retrieved from
corporate databases and staged in an OLAP
multidimensional database for retrieval by
front end system
• Corporate databases: Operational databases,
data marts, data warehouses