Urbanization is a global phenomenon that needs to take up serious sustainable approaches in this time when rapid global warming is looming large on the earth. Like other science and technology domains, architecture is also taking up various sustainable approaches so that the urban built environment harms nature the least. Building design has become energy conscious and various rating systems have come to the forefront. However, another domain has remained largely unexplored in the aging urban centres of India where the old indigenous architecture of these cities have not been examined for their climate responsiveness. These indigenous architecture have evolved from the local vernacular building traditions, and thus synthesizes two aspects in them – they are climate responsive as well as functionally suited to their urban requirements. This paper examines the old indigenous residential architecture of Kolkata, the third largest urban centre in India after Delhi and Mumbai, by comparing them with the new residential buildings of the city and thus tries to find out to what extent they are better performing in the warm and humid climate of the city
Resources of Renewable Energy in IndiaIJERA Editor
Renewable energy resources sector growth in India has been significant, even for electricity generation from
renewable sources. Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain,
tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished). Even for the decentralized systems, the
growth for solar home lighting systems has been 300%, solar lanterns 99% and solar photovoltaic water pumps
196%. This is a phenomenal growth in the renewable energy sector mainly for applications that were considered
to be supplied only through major electricity utilities. Some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000
km2 area of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 giga
watts. Renewable energy systems are also being looked upon as a major application for electrification of 20,000
remote and unelectrified villages and hamlets by 2007 and all households in such villages and hamlets by 2018.
Growing Renewable Energy in the Future of India: Opportunities over Challengesijsrd.com
As the demand is going to increase the generations have to be increased. So as the time is going to pass the conventional energy sources are going to be decreased and it might happen that after some years these sources are going to be exhausted. The best alternative of conventional energy sources are the non-conventional energy sources, which are never going to become exhausted because they are the natural sources and they are permanently available for use. The challenges required for the conventional energy for increasing population demand with the use of renewable energy the future of India get good opportunities to full fill it. Among the various non-conventional energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, Hydro energy, tidal energy, wave energy, Ocean Thermal energy, geothermal energy, Biomass energy, fuel cell energy, Hydrogen etc. are never going to become exhausted because they are natural sources and they are permanently available for use. The sharp increase in energy consumption particularly in the past several decades has raised fears of exhausting the globe's reserves of fossil fuels in the near future. Approximately, 90% of our energy consumption comes from fossil fuels. Energy and development are inter-related. Energy sector is the backbone of any country's growth and economy. India is one of the largest growing economies in the world and today not just India, but the whole world is looking for alternate sources of energy like wind, solar, hydro, biomass, biofuel etc. known as renewable energy sources for Sustainable energy development.
This document summarizes the status and future potential of solar energy in India. It discusses how India has an acute energy shortage and is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. Solar energy represents a promising renewable alternative with its zero emissions and abundant sunlight. India has launched a National Solar Mission to promote solar power generation and aims for grid parity by 2022 and coal parity by 2030. Currently solar power costs about 2.5 times as much as coal power, but costs are decreasing. The potential for solar power in India is enormous due to its many sunny days each year and high solar incidence levels across most of the country.
Study of Renewable Energy Sources in India - A ReviewIRJEETJournal
This document summarizes research on renewable energy sources in India. It discusses India's growing energy demands and reliance on non-renewable sources like coal and oil. The Indian government is promoting a shift to renewable sources like solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal. Solar power capacity in India reached 33.73 GW in 2019 and solar generated over 39,000 GWh that year. Wind power capacity is over 20 GW. Other renewable sources with significant potential include tidal, wave, small hydro, and new technologies like gravitricity and electricity from rain drops. The document provides statistics on installed capacities and generation from various renewable sources in India.
Challenges & opportunities for renewable energy in indiaSoumyadeep Bhunia
This is a Report describes the overview of the renewable energy sources in India and potentiality of power generation and also includes the rules and regulations for the non conventional energy.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
This document provides an overview of renewable energy sources and economics. It discusses various renewable sources like biomass, hydropower, wind, solar, and geothermal energy. Biomass is limited by the land needed for growth. Hydropower depends on water flow and elevation change, with the best sites already developed in many places. Renewable energy costs are declining but remain higher than fossil fuels currently, though external costs are not fully reflected in fossil fuel prices. Transitioning to renewable energy will require policy support and infrastructure changes.
The building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system have recently drawn interest and have demonstrated high potential to assist building owners supply both thermal and electrical loads. In this paper, the BIPV technology has been reviewed, in terms of its performance, efficiency and power generation capacity. Specifically, the applications of the BIPV in tropical climate regions have been discussed, together with its prospects and challenges. For these schemes to be implemented in a tropical climatic region, the following issues must be considered: 1) Certain studies must be done relating to electrical load demand, predicted PV output, location of the buildings and its integration and constraints associated with roof design; 2) For the highest energy production from solar PV, the solar collectors need to be with the right tilt depending on the location; 3) Design criteria such as safety, efficiency, durability, flexibility and constructive issues need to be considered; 4) The government of such countries must train electricians and carpenters on PV installations; 5) The BIPV roofing must perform same function as normal roofing materials, such as noise protection, water tightness, insulation and climate protection, and 6) As practiced around the world, these countries must establish design standards for the BIPV.
Resources of Renewable Energy in IndiaIJERA Editor
Renewable energy resources sector growth in India has been significant, even for electricity generation from
renewable sources. Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain,
tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished). Even for the decentralized systems, the
growth for solar home lighting systems has been 300%, solar lanterns 99% and solar photovoltaic water pumps
196%. This is a phenomenal growth in the renewable energy sector mainly for applications that were considered
to be supplied only through major electricity utilities. Some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000
km2 area of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 giga
watts. Renewable energy systems are also being looked upon as a major application for electrification of 20,000
remote and unelectrified villages and hamlets by 2007 and all households in such villages and hamlets by 2018.
Growing Renewable Energy in the Future of India: Opportunities over Challengesijsrd.com
As the demand is going to increase the generations have to be increased. So as the time is going to pass the conventional energy sources are going to be decreased and it might happen that after some years these sources are going to be exhausted. The best alternative of conventional energy sources are the non-conventional energy sources, which are never going to become exhausted because they are the natural sources and they are permanently available for use. The challenges required for the conventional energy for increasing population demand with the use of renewable energy the future of India get good opportunities to full fill it. Among the various non-conventional energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, Hydro energy, tidal energy, wave energy, Ocean Thermal energy, geothermal energy, Biomass energy, fuel cell energy, Hydrogen etc. are never going to become exhausted because they are natural sources and they are permanently available for use. The sharp increase in energy consumption particularly in the past several decades has raised fears of exhausting the globe's reserves of fossil fuels in the near future. Approximately, 90% of our energy consumption comes from fossil fuels. Energy and development are inter-related. Energy sector is the backbone of any country's growth and economy. India is one of the largest growing economies in the world and today not just India, but the whole world is looking for alternate sources of energy like wind, solar, hydro, biomass, biofuel etc. known as renewable energy sources for Sustainable energy development.
This document summarizes the status and future potential of solar energy in India. It discusses how India has an acute energy shortage and is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. Solar energy represents a promising renewable alternative with its zero emissions and abundant sunlight. India has launched a National Solar Mission to promote solar power generation and aims for grid parity by 2022 and coal parity by 2030. Currently solar power costs about 2.5 times as much as coal power, but costs are decreasing. The potential for solar power in India is enormous due to its many sunny days each year and high solar incidence levels across most of the country.
Study of Renewable Energy Sources in India - A ReviewIRJEETJournal
This document summarizes research on renewable energy sources in India. It discusses India's growing energy demands and reliance on non-renewable sources like coal and oil. The Indian government is promoting a shift to renewable sources like solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal. Solar power capacity in India reached 33.73 GW in 2019 and solar generated over 39,000 GWh that year. Wind power capacity is over 20 GW. Other renewable sources with significant potential include tidal, wave, small hydro, and new technologies like gravitricity and electricity from rain drops. The document provides statistics on installed capacities and generation from various renewable sources in India.
Challenges & opportunities for renewable energy in indiaSoumyadeep Bhunia
This is a Report describes the overview of the renewable energy sources in India and potentiality of power generation and also includes the rules and regulations for the non conventional energy.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
This document provides an overview of renewable energy sources and economics. It discusses various renewable sources like biomass, hydropower, wind, solar, and geothermal energy. Biomass is limited by the land needed for growth. Hydropower depends on water flow and elevation change, with the best sites already developed in many places. Renewable energy costs are declining but remain higher than fossil fuels currently, though external costs are not fully reflected in fossil fuel prices. Transitioning to renewable energy will require policy support and infrastructure changes.
The building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system have recently drawn interest and have demonstrated high potential to assist building owners supply both thermal and electrical loads. In this paper, the BIPV technology has been reviewed, in terms of its performance, efficiency and power generation capacity. Specifically, the applications of the BIPV in tropical climate regions have been discussed, together with its prospects and challenges. For these schemes to be implemented in a tropical climatic region, the following issues must be considered: 1) Certain studies must be done relating to electrical load demand, predicted PV output, location of the buildings and its integration and constraints associated with roof design; 2) For the highest energy production from solar PV, the solar collectors need to be with the right tilt depending on the location; 3) Design criteria such as safety, efficiency, durability, flexibility and constructive issues need to be considered; 4) The government of such countries must train electricians and carpenters on PV installations; 5) The BIPV roofing must perform same function as normal roofing materials, such as noise protection, water tightness, insulation and climate protection, and 6) As practiced around the world, these countries must establish design standards for the BIPV.
India has significant potential for renewable energy from solar, wind, hydro, and biomass.
Currently, 15,326 MW of renewable energy is installed. Coal supplies most electricity but renewable energy accounts for 1/3 of total energy consumption. The government aims to expand renewable energy to meet rising energy demand and address the energy deficit. Policies support solar manufacturing and the National Solar Mission targets 20,000 MW of solar power by 2020. India has excellent solar resources and increasing energy needs, positioning it to become a major solar market.
Energy conservation refers to reducing energy consumption through using less energy. Driving less is an example. It can result in financial savings and environmental benefits. Energy management aims to effectively use energy for maximum profits through resource conservation, cost savings, and climate protection. Energy comes from both renewable and non-renewable sources. India relies heavily on fossil fuels like coal but is increasing its use of renewable resources through initiatives like solar and wind energy programs to meet future demand in a sustainable way.
The presentation describes the complete energy scenario of World and India as of 2020. It also describes the prime energy sources that the entire world depends on.
Final ub role of energy efficiency in smart and sustainable Usha Batra
The document discusses the role of energy efficiency in smart and sustainable development in India. It makes three key points:
1) Energy efficiency and conservation are essential for India's smart growth and development given its increasing energy demands and imports but also to reduce pollution and meet climate targets. Significant potential exists for energy savings across sectors like industry, buildings, transportation, and agriculture.
2) The Government of India has implemented several initiatives to promote energy efficiency such as building codes, performance standards, audits, awards, and renewable energy targets. However, challenges remain in meeting energy needs while balancing environmental and economic factors.
3) Transitioning to sustainable energy sources like solar, wind, biomass and increasing renewable capacities will be
Impact Assessment of Changing Fuel on Water Consumption in Kuwait’s Power Sta...IJERA Editor
Demands on electricity are in continuous increase and as a result an increase on water consumption and withdrawal. A huge expansion is done by Kuwait seven stations to meet the need of water and electricity using different combinations of four types of fuel (natural gas, gas oil, heavy fuel oil and crude oil). This study aims to determine the optimum fuel for reducing water consumption and cost without changing the capacity of electricity production in Kuwait. To attain that water consumption and/or withdrawal factor had been calculated for each fuel in each station depending on electricity and water consumption and production values, then cost of each mega watt produced had been determined using calculated cost of each fuel. It is concluded that natural gas is the least consuming water and least productivity for electricity where heavy fuel oil is the cheapest one and gas oil is the most expensive and most consuming water. However more time and detailed analysis are needed to determine the optimum fuel. Three scenarios had been assumed on different stations, best one was in Az-zour station when we decreased natural gas percentage and it was compensated by crude oil with keeping gas oil as it was. Consequently, it was noticed there was increase in water consumption and decrease in the cost: about 2 million Kuwait dinars. .
Power Generation in The Chemical IndustryIJRTEMJOURNAL
The chemical industry, particularly the production of organic and inorganic base chemicals, has
a high demand for electrical and thermal power. In the chemical industry, power drives processes and
profitability. With most of the chemical industries aiming to expand, having their own power generation plant is
an emerging necessity. This paper provides a brief overview of the various ways in which the chemical industry
has been generating power to meet the needs of its plants and, in some cases, selling the surplus power
produced.
Jurnal Internasional – Dampak Energi Terbarukan Terhadap Ketenagakerjaan di I...Dani Gunawan
Sebuah permintaan global untuk energi telah memaksa banyak negara untuk mencari energi alternatif dan terbarukan . Efek diantisipasi pengembangan terbarukan adalah peningkatan lapangan kerja sebagai bagian dari penciptaan lapangan pekerjaan hijau baru , manfaat besar bagi Indonesia untuk mengatasi tingkat pengangguran yang tinggi . Makalah ini menjelaskan dampak pengembangan energi terbarukan pada penciptaan lapangan kerja di Indonesia .
A Review of Nano -Technology and Renewable Energy: Challenges and scope ijiert bestjournal
The objective of this research is to cover both old and the latest and emerging technologies in the field of re newable energy sources. The topic describes the various forms of renewable sources of energy and their applications. The term Nano technology and its applications have captured the worldwide market. The nanomaterials which are developing using this technol ogy can be incorporated into the devices so that renewable energy can be converted or generated more efficiently. Nanomaterials have the potential to change the way we generate,deliver and use energy.
Reliability Study of Punching Shear Design of Column-Slab Connection accordin...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the life cycle energy assessment of a 12-year-old, multi-story residential building in Pune, India. It analyzes the energy used during the building's construction, operation, and demolition phases. The study aims to calculate the building's total energy expenditure and carbon footprint. It also explores potential energy efficiency solutions to reduce the building's environmental impact over its lifetime. The methodology involves preliminary analysis, literature review, data collection from the case study building, analysis of findings, and recommendations for improvement.
A STUDY OF LIFE CYCLE ENERGY ASSEMENT OF A MULTI-STORIED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the life cycle energy assessment of a 12-year-old, multi-story residential building in Pune, India. It analyzes the energy used during the building's construction, operation, and demolition phases. The study aims to calculate the building's total energy expenditure and carbon footprint. It also explores potential energy efficient solutions to reduce the building's environmental impact and dependence on natural resources. The methodology involves preliminary analysis, literature review, data collection from the case study building, data analysis, and proposing recommendations.
IRJET- Sustainability in Architecture: Dynamic Buildings, “The Future of India”IRJET Journal
This document discusses the concept of dynamic and sustainable architecture for buildings in India. It defines dynamic buildings as those that can constantly change shape, such as through rotating floors. This allows for benefits like generating renewable energy through wind turbines and solar panels. The document outlines objectives of studying dynamic building models and their sustainability applications. It argues that dynamic buildings could help address India's growing infrastructure and energy needs by serving as self-powered structures. They may allow for faster construction and lower maintenance than traditional buildings, while generating clean energy on-site.
The buildings that aren’t “connected” are the same they were decades ago and have retained fundamentally the same purpose i.e. to provide shelter, temperature control, and safety at the same efficiency level. Globally the built environments account for significant energy use and equivalent production of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon footprint. Growing concerns about safety, comfort, global warming, and climate change are leading to technological evolution, that will make the buildings smart, more comfortable, and nearly zero energy buildings. The building architectures are obviously smarter today than they were a few years ago and will continue to do so as the people become more energy aware and efficiency focused. Smart architectures and smart technologies are effective means to make buildings more comfortable, secure and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint. Smart metering, smart grid, energy storage, and smart energy management system are some of the technologies that find their use in smart architectures along with ubiquitous digital technologies. These evolving technologies being relatively new can indeed make the buildings smart, intelligent, energy efficient and environmentally sustainable which will attract higher rentals and more resale values in the near future. For commercial real estate, the savings can be impressive. A reduction in energy use is equivalent to an increase in building’s asset value and net operating income. This paper provides a contemporary look at the potential of smart architectures and evolving smart energy technologies to reduce energy consumption and carbon footprint in built environments. The scope of this paper is limited to the brief overview of these technologies and their applications.
The document summarizes the key sustainable features and energy conservation techniques used in modern skyscrapers, especially from an Indian perspective. It analyzes five generations of skyscraper development and their energy usage. Passive design principles like natural ventilation, daylighting, and shading are identified as important for sustainable skyscrapers in India, along with some selective energy generation techniques. A literature review is used to classify sustainable techniques into five categories: facade design, passive systems, electricity generation, visual comfort, and renewable systems. Passive design criteria and selective energy generation are determined to be the key features of sustainable skyscrapers in India based on a sustainability index analysis.
Green Building Effect in Commercial Building vivatechijri
This document discusses the benefits of implementing green building techniques in commercial buildings. It describes several green building strategies used in the project building, including green roofing, rainwater harvesting, an HVAC system, glass facades, and a greywater reuse system. With all the green features, the project building achieved a 33.76% energy improvement over the baseline building. The maximum recycled water generated inside the building was 157.3 KL/month, saving 53.85% of freshwater. Some advantages of green buildings are environmental benefits, reduced emissions and costs, while disadvantages include higher initial costs and lack of skilled workers.
Impact of Building Envelope Modification on Energy Performance of High-Rise A...drboon
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the impact of building envelope modifications on the energy performance of high-rise apartments in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Three high-rise apartment buildings were modeled using EnergyPlus software to analyze the effects of thermal insulation and glazing type on potential energy savings. The study found that integrating passive envelope design measures like improved insulation and higher performing glazing could help reduce energy consumption and peak cooling loads in the apartments. Modifying elements of the building envelope, especially the walls and windows, may enable significant energy savings potential for high-rise residential buildings in hot and humid climates.
Urban climate conditions affect cities will develop in the future, not only because of the impact on the environment or on the energy consumption of buildings, but also on outdoor human comfort. The configuration of buildings is one of the main factors that influence the different microclimates in the city. Understanding and especially being able to predict and manipulate these urban microclimates improve different aspects of urban life including the outdoor thermal comfort. Because of this, it is possible to use indices of outdoor thermal conform to understand and the configurations of building affect the microclimate conditions. This paper describes a method that enables the integration of microclimate data into the creation of new urban forms using outdoor thermal comfort as an indicator and translates this knowledge into a parameterized design feedback tool. In this way, it will be possible to support the design process by automated tools that explore design spaces of urban forms according to measurements and empirical findings on the relationship between microclimate data and the building geometries. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji "Urban Man & Climate in Buildings" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50524.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/50524/urban-man-and-climate-in-buildings/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
The study investigates the potential of urban densification to mitigate heat island effects in Vienna, Austria through 3D modeling and microclimate simulations. A district was modeled pre- and post-densification by extending buildings to maximum allowed heights. Simulations for a hot summer day found densification provided a notable solar shielding effect, decreasing temperatures and improving thermal conditions within shaded areas. However, a slight warming effect was seen at night due to higher thermal storage and lower sky view factor.
The Role of the City’s Shape in Urban Sustainability drboon
Cities are the main leak of Country. The process of urbanization denounces the need to transform settlement from a weak point to the strength of the future sustainability. Urban shape is deeply related to the availability of the energy sources in the territory, comparing city’s behaviour to a living organism dependents on the energy flow into and out. This one-to-one relationship between form and energy sources emphasizes mutations engender each other on their develop and decline. According to scientific studies, relevant “physical” factors affect directly settlement’s energy behavior and its microclimate. The ability of each city to work simultaneously on local and global objectives has driven Europe to indicate them as a crux and urban design as the appropriate tool for defining the shape compatible with sustainability goals. The use of this tool becomes prerogative to bear on urban form and reach the condition of self-sustainable energy’s island.
IRJET- A Review of Urban Renewal in High Density CitiesIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of urban renewal in high density cities. It discusses how urban renewal aims to address problems caused by high population density and outdated infrastructure, through redevelopment and regeneration efforts. The document outlines five dimensions of urban renewal: physical, social, cultural, economic, and environmental. It also discusses the negative impacts of high density development, such as pollution, heat island effects, and reduced access to light. The goal of urban renewal is to improve urban areas in a holistic and sustainable manner through coordinated redevelopment that enhances the built environment and quality of life.
IRJET- Estimation of Intze Water Tank by User Graphical InterfaceIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that developed a Microsoft Excel program to estimate the materials needed for constructing components of an Intze water tank. The program allows users to input design specifications and dimensions and receives output calculations for the raft foundation and top dome of the tank. Intze tanks are commonly used elevated water storage structures with advantages over other tank designs. The program aims to simplify and speed up the estimation process that is typically done manually, reducing time and errors.
Carbon Capture Technologies (CCTs) in Built Environmentzongwang5
Carbon capture technologies (CCTs) in the built environment have the potential to directly absorb CO2 from ambient air and store or use it in a sustainable way. There are three types of CCTs applied in built environments: 1) carbon captured off and stored on site, 2) carbon captured and stored on site, and 3) carbon captured on and stored off site. Examples include bio-based building materials, green roofs/facades, direct air capture, and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. Three case studies demonstrate different applications of CCTs in new construction, urban planning, and building retrofits. CCTs in built environments could meaningfully contribute to mitigating climate change if developed and implemented more widely.
India has significant potential for renewable energy from solar, wind, hydro, and biomass.
Currently, 15,326 MW of renewable energy is installed. Coal supplies most electricity but renewable energy accounts for 1/3 of total energy consumption. The government aims to expand renewable energy to meet rising energy demand and address the energy deficit. Policies support solar manufacturing and the National Solar Mission targets 20,000 MW of solar power by 2020. India has excellent solar resources and increasing energy needs, positioning it to become a major solar market.
Energy conservation refers to reducing energy consumption through using less energy. Driving less is an example. It can result in financial savings and environmental benefits. Energy management aims to effectively use energy for maximum profits through resource conservation, cost savings, and climate protection. Energy comes from both renewable and non-renewable sources. India relies heavily on fossil fuels like coal but is increasing its use of renewable resources through initiatives like solar and wind energy programs to meet future demand in a sustainable way.
The presentation describes the complete energy scenario of World and India as of 2020. It also describes the prime energy sources that the entire world depends on.
Final ub role of energy efficiency in smart and sustainable Usha Batra
The document discusses the role of energy efficiency in smart and sustainable development in India. It makes three key points:
1) Energy efficiency and conservation are essential for India's smart growth and development given its increasing energy demands and imports but also to reduce pollution and meet climate targets. Significant potential exists for energy savings across sectors like industry, buildings, transportation, and agriculture.
2) The Government of India has implemented several initiatives to promote energy efficiency such as building codes, performance standards, audits, awards, and renewable energy targets. However, challenges remain in meeting energy needs while balancing environmental and economic factors.
3) Transitioning to sustainable energy sources like solar, wind, biomass and increasing renewable capacities will be
Impact Assessment of Changing Fuel on Water Consumption in Kuwait’s Power Sta...IJERA Editor
Demands on electricity are in continuous increase and as a result an increase on water consumption and withdrawal. A huge expansion is done by Kuwait seven stations to meet the need of water and electricity using different combinations of four types of fuel (natural gas, gas oil, heavy fuel oil and crude oil). This study aims to determine the optimum fuel for reducing water consumption and cost without changing the capacity of electricity production in Kuwait. To attain that water consumption and/or withdrawal factor had been calculated for each fuel in each station depending on electricity and water consumption and production values, then cost of each mega watt produced had been determined using calculated cost of each fuel. It is concluded that natural gas is the least consuming water and least productivity for electricity where heavy fuel oil is the cheapest one and gas oil is the most expensive and most consuming water. However more time and detailed analysis are needed to determine the optimum fuel. Three scenarios had been assumed on different stations, best one was in Az-zour station when we decreased natural gas percentage and it was compensated by crude oil with keeping gas oil as it was. Consequently, it was noticed there was increase in water consumption and decrease in the cost: about 2 million Kuwait dinars. .
Power Generation in The Chemical IndustryIJRTEMJOURNAL
The chemical industry, particularly the production of organic and inorganic base chemicals, has
a high demand for electrical and thermal power. In the chemical industry, power drives processes and
profitability. With most of the chemical industries aiming to expand, having their own power generation plant is
an emerging necessity. This paper provides a brief overview of the various ways in which the chemical industry
has been generating power to meet the needs of its plants and, in some cases, selling the surplus power
produced.
Jurnal Internasional – Dampak Energi Terbarukan Terhadap Ketenagakerjaan di I...Dani Gunawan
Sebuah permintaan global untuk energi telah memaksa banyak negara untuk mencari energi alternatif dan terbarukan . Efek diantisipasi pengembangan terbarukan adalah peningkatan lapangan kerja sebagai bagian dari penciptaan lapangan pekerjaan hijau baru , manfaat besar bagi Indonesia untuk mengatasi tingkat pengangguran yang tinggi . Makalah ini menjelaskan dampak pengembangan energi terbarukan pada penciptaan lapangan kerja di Indonesia .
A Review of Nano -Technology and Renewable Energy: Challenges and scope ijiert bestjournal
The objective of this research is to cover both old and the latest and emerging technologies in the field of re newable energy sources. The topic describes the various forms of renewable sources of energy and their applications. The term Nano technology and its applications have captured the worldwide market. The nanomaterials which are developing using this technol ogy can be incorporated into the devices so that renewable energy can be converted or generated more efficiently. Nanomaterials have the potential to change the way we generate,deliver and use energy.
Reliability Study of Punching Shear Design of Column-Slab Connection accordin...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the life cycle energy assessment of a 12-year-old, multi-story residential building in Pune, India. It analyzes the energy used during the building's construction, operation, and demolition phases. The study aims to calculate the building's total energy expenditure and carbon footprint. It also explores potential energy efficiency solutions to reduce the building's environmental impact over its lifetime. The methodology involves preliminary analysis, literature review, data collection from the case study building, analysis of findings, and recommendations for improvement.
A STUDY OF LIFE CYCLE ENERGY ASSEMENT OF A MULTI-STORIED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the life cycle energy assessment of a 12-year-old, multi-story residential building in Pune, India. It analyzes the energy used during the building's construction, operation, and demolition phases. The study aims to calculate the building's total energy expenditure and carbon footprint. It also explores potential energy efficient solutions to reduce the building's environmental impact and dependence on natural resources. The methodology involves preliminary analysis, literature review, data collection from the case study building, data analysis, and proposing recommendations.
IRJET- Sustainability in Architecture: Dynamic Buildings, “The Future of India”IRJET Journal
This document discusses the concept of dynamic and sustainable architecture for buildings in India. It defines dynamic buildings as those that can constantly change shape, such as through rotating floors. This allows for benefits like generating renewable energy through wind turbines and solar panels. The document outlines objectives of studying dynamic building models and their sustainability applications. It argues that dynamic buildings could help address India's growing infrastructure and energy needs by serving as self-powered structures. They may allow for faster construction and lower maintenance than traditional buildings, while generating clean energy on-site.
The buildings that aren’t “connected” are the same they were decades ago and have retained fundamentally the same purpose i.e. to provide shelter, temperature control, and safety at the same efficiency level. Globally the built environments account for significant energy use and equivalent production of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon footprint. Growing concerns about safety, comfort, global warming, and climate change are leading to technological evolution, that will make the buildings smart, more comfortable, and nearly zero energy buildings. The building architectures are obviously smarter today than they were a few years ago and will continue to do so as the people become more energy aware and efficiency focused. Smart architectures and smart technologies are effective means to make buildings more comfortable, secure and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint. Smart metering, smart grid, energy storage, and smart energy management system are some of the technologies that find their use in smart architectures along with ubiquitous digital technologies. These evolving technologies being relatively new can indeed make the buildings smart, intelligent, energy efficient and environmentally sustainable which will attract higher rentals and more resale values in the near future. For commercial real estate, the savings can be impressive. A reduction in energy use is equivalent to an increase in building’s asset value and net operating income. This paper provides a contemporary look at the potential of smart architectures and evolving smart energy technologies to reduce energy consumption and carbon footprint in built environments. The scope of this paper is limited to the brief overview of these technologies and their applications.
The document summarizes the key sustainable features and energy conservation techniques used in modern skyscrapers, especially from an Indian perspective. It analyzes five generations of skyscraper development and their energy usage. Passive design principles like natural ventilation, daylighting, and shading are identified as important for sustainable skyscrapers in India, along with some selective energy generation techniques. A literature review is used to classify sustainable techniques into five categories: facade design, passive systems, electricity generation, visual comfort, and renewable systems. Passive design criteria and selective energy generation are determined to be the key features of sustainable skyscrapers in India based on a sustainability index analysis.
Green Building Effect in Commercial Building vivatechijri
This document discusses the benefits of implementing green building techniques in commercial buildings. It describes several green building strategies used in the project building, including green roofing, rainwater harvesting, an HVAC system, glass facades, and a greywater reuse system. With all the green features, the project building achieved a 33.76% energy improvement over the baseline building. The maximum recycled water generated inside the building was 157.3 KL/month, saving 53.85% of freshwater. Some advantages of green buildings are environmental benefits, reduced emissions and costs, while disadvantages include higher initial costs and lack of skilled workers.
Impact of Building Envelope Modification on Energy Performance of High-Rise A...drboon
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the impact of building envelope modifications on the energy performance of high-rise apartments in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Three high-rise apartment buildings were modeled using EnergyPlus software to analyze the effects of thermal insulation and glazing type on potential energy savings. The study found that integrating passive envelope design measures like improved insulation and higher performing glazing could help reduce energy consumption and peak cooling loads in the apartments. Modifying elements of the building envelope, especially the walls and windows, may enable significant energy savings potential for high-rise residential buildings in hot and humid climates.
Urban climate conditions affect cities will develop in the future, not only because of the impact on the environment or on the energy consumption of buildings, but also on outdoor human comfort. The configuration of buildings is one of the main factors that influence the different microclimates in the city. Understanding and especially being able to predict and manipulate these urban microclimates improve different aspects of urban life including the outdoor thermal comfort. Because of this, it is possible to use indices of outdoor thermal conform to understand and the configurations of building affect the microclimate conditions. This paper describes a method that enables the integration of microclimate data into the creation of new urban forms using outdoor thermal comfort as an indicator and translates this knowledge into a parameterized design feedback tool. In this way, it will be possible to support the design process by automated tools that explore design spaces of urban forms according to measurements and empirical findings on the relationship between microclimate data and the building geometries. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji "Urban Man & Climate in Buildings" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50524.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/50524/urban-man-and-climate-in-buildings/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
The study investigates the potential of urban densification to mitigate heat island effects in Vienna, Austria through 3D modeling and microclimate simulations. A district was modeled pre- and post-densification by extending buildings to maximum allowed heights. Simulations for a hot summer day found densification provided a notable solar shielding effect, decreasing temperatures and improving thermal conditions within shaded areas. However, a slight warming effect was seen at night due to higher thermal storage and lower sky view factor.
The Role of the City’s Shape in Urban Sustainability drboon
Cities are the main leak of Country. The process of urbanization denounces the need to transform settlement from a weak point to the strength of the future sustainability. Urban shape is deeply related to the availability of the energy sources in the territory, comparing city’s behaviour to a living organism dependents on the energy flow into and out. This one-to-one relationship between form and energy sources emphasizes mutations engender each other on their develop and decline. According to scientific studies, relevant “physical” factors affect directly settlement’s energy behavior and its microclimate. The ability of each city to work simultaneously on local and global objectives has driven Europe to indicate them as a crux and urban design as the appropriate tool for defining the shape compatible with sustainability goals. The use of this tool becomes prerogative to bear on urban form and reach the condition of self-sustainable energy’s island.
IRJET- A Review of Urban Renewal in High Density CitiesIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of urban renewal in high density cities. It discusses how urban renewal aims to address problems caused by high population density and outdated infrastructure, through redevelopment and regeneration efforts. The document outlines five dimensions of urban renewal: physical, social, cultural, economic, and environmental. It also discusses the negative impacts of high density development, such as pollution, heat island effects, and reduced access to light. The goal of urban renewal is to improve urban areas in a holistic and sustainable manner through coordinated redevelopment that enhances the built environment and quality of life.
IRJET- Estimation of Intze Water Tank by User Graphical InterfaceIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that developed a Microsoft Excel program to estimate the materials needed for constructing components of an Intze water tank. The program allows users to input design specifications and dimensions and receives output calculations for the raft foundation and top dome of the tank. Intze tanks are commonly used elevated water storage structures with advantages over other tank designs. The program aims to simplify and speed up the estimation process that is typically done manually, reducing time and errors.
Carbon Capture Technologies (CCTs) in Built Environmentzongwang5
Carbon capture technologies (CCTs) in the built environment have the potential to directly absorb CO2 from ambient air and store or use it in a sustainable way. There are three types of CCTs applied in built environments: 1) carbon captured off and stored on site, 2) carbon captured and stored on site, and 3) carbon captured on and stored off site. Examples include bio-based building materials, green roofs/facades, direct air capture, and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. Three case studies demonstrate different applications of CCTs in new construction, urban planning, and building retrofits. CCTs in built environments could meaningfully contribute to mitigating climate change if developed and implemented more widely.
UCL ENVS 2007 Green Futures. Low carbon plan for Tokyo for the next 5 years in preparation for 2020 Olympics. Authors: Aishah Mazland, Jannat Alkhanizi, Janey Lin Zhao, Nina Johnson-Marshall, Sherry Karim
A feasibility study of electrical energy generation from municipal solid wast...IJECEIAES
In several developing countries, the electricity crisis obstructs both socioeconomic and technological sustainable evolution. Also, it leads to reducing job availability due to shut down several industries or relocate to neighbouring countries to such an issue. A Najaf City is an important holy and tourist city in the middle of Iraq country. Indeed, waste management in An Najaf City needs to be reconsidered to be used as an energy source. In this article, we investigated and listed the waste quantity which produced recently (one year) respect to waste types and types of content. Data collected from the waste products for one year and are used as a key factor to study the feasibility of generating electrical energy from collected MSWs. The proposed model was simulated and tested respect to cost analysis factor of the suggested power plant by Homer pro simulation software. Results were very encouraging and competitive to the current energy production cost based on the production cost of the Kwh prospective among the conventional methods in Iraq. The proposed scenario provide proper and secure waste proposal technique with low-cost.
IRJET- Energy Efficient and Sustainable BuildingsIRJET Journal
This document discusses energy efficient and sustainable (green) buildings. It begins by noting that buildings consume around 40% of the world's total energy from non-renewable sources. The document then outlines some of the key objectives and practices of green buildings, such as being energy efficient, using eco-friendly materials, and providing good indoor environmental quality. Specific green building techniques discussed include passive solar heating and cooling, water conservation practices, and using non-conventional energy sources like solar cells. The document also briefly discusses some common green building rating systems in India like GRIHA, IGBC and BEE. It concludes by noting that green building regulations should be enforced to promote more sustainable construction.
GOVERNMENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN CONCEPT OF OLD CITY/KOTATUA RESTORATION OF JAKARTAIAEME Publication
This document discusses governmental involvement in restoring the old city of Jakarta, known as Kotatua. It provides background on Kotatua and outlines four previous stages of revitalization efforts from 1905 to 2005. Central government involvement is needed to establish a Kotatua Authority Council and collaborate with state-owned entities and UNESCO for restoration and marketing. Models from cultural, economic, and technology perspectives should be applied to make Kotatua a new branding district for art, finance, tourism and more to attract investors and visitors. The goal is to complete restoration by 2045 for Jakarta's 500th anniversary.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Overhead Water Tank at Phule Nagar, AmbernathIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and analysis of an overhead water tank located in Phule Nagar, Ambernath, India. It begins with an introduction to water tanks, their classification, and common construction materials. It then outlines the objectives and methodology of the project, which is to design a safe and economical circular water tank using limit state design according to Indian codes IS 3370 and IS 456. Population data and projections are presented to determine a design capacity of 1000 cubic meters for the tank. Dimensions and reinforcement details are calculated for the circular tank walls, domes, beams, and other structural components. Loads, stresses, and required reinforcement are checked against code limits to verify the structural adequacy and safety of the design.
Analysis of Cost Effective and Energy Efficient Residential Building Using BI...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes literature on analyzing the cost effectiveness and energy efficiency of residential buildings using Building Information Modeling (BIM). It reviews research showing that energy efficient buildings can be more economical over the long term compared to conventional buildings. BIM allows for energy analysis to be integrated early in the design process when changes have the most impact. Studies analyzed found that materials like AAC blocks and insulating foams can improve thermal performance and reduce costs. Research also found that occupants tolerated discomfort more in energy efficient buildings when they understood how the buildings functioned. Overall, the literature aims to understand how BIM can be used to develop cost-effective and energy-efficient residential building models.
Similar to EXAMINING THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF OLD INDIGENOUS ARCHITECTURE OF KOLKATA TO ATTAIN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
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Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
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The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
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IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
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The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
2. Examining the Thermal Performance of Old Indigenous Architecture of Kolkata to Attain
Sustainable Development
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 404 editor@iaeme.com
As per a survey, the heat island intensity of Kolkata is 4C (Nayak & Prajapati, 2006, p. 35).
The city needs immediate intervention to make its built environment bearable to its citizens.
For this, its buildings need to perform better thermally so that their reliance on artificial indoor
conditioning can be reduced.
The pre-Independence architecture of Kolkata can be grossly divided into two parts (Bose,
2008, p. 1), viz, buildings belonging to the European quarter of the city, and buildings belonging
to the Non-European (Indian) quarter of the city. With time, the architectonics of the European
designs infused into this Indian tradition to introduce the new Indo-Occidental Colonial style
of Calcutta that was its own.
The city of Kolkata, since its inception from the three villages of Sutanuti, Kolikata and
Gobindapur, has grown drastically and became the second largest city of the British empire
(Nair, 1990, p. 12). Although population expansion in Kolkata has slowed down over the last
two decades (1991-2011) than was ever envisaged since Independence (1947) (Stevens, 2017),
the building activity of the city is fast flourishing under the tremendous need of housing stock
that is still required. The city now thrives with new built developments of commercial, public
and residential nature. Recent architectural practice in Kolkata has created a trend of designing
public and commercial buildings in glass facade, while the residential condominiums are
relying more and more on the RCC frame with indiscriminately placed glazed openings in them.
2. CLIMATE OF KOLKATA
The climatic zoning map of India as proposed in the “Handbook on Energy Conscious
Building” (Fig. 1.1) reveals most of the country falling under hot regions having extreme
summer conditions. These zones are subjected to the extreme heat conditions during summer
and the condition of high humidity level further aggravates it. As per the climate map in Fig. 1,
Kolkata comes under the warm humid zone. The city and its hinterland not only suffer from
very high temperature (above 43 degree C), but is also subjected to high level of relative
humidity (within a range of 60 – 85%) (Fig. 2 – highlighted cells). The resulting effect of these
two factors combined together becomes extremely uncomfortable for the population of the city.
Figure 1 Climatic Zone Map of India
(Source: (Nayak & Prajapati, 2006)
3. Sanmarga Mitra
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 405 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 2 Climate Condition of Kolkata
(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Kolkata#cite_note-NOAA-8)
Although common weather conditions of the city does not remain so extreme as is seen in
Fig. 2, the average outdoor temperature in the city has always remained high and above 34
degree C throughout the months of April to June during the years 2005-2015 (Fig. 3). The level
of relative humidity over these years have also fluctuated, with few exceptional values (e.g.
55% in April, 2014), most of the months show RH level above 60% (Fig. 3). The average
maximum temperature during the period of 2005-2015 is observed to be between 35 and 36
degree C, whereas the average RH level over this period lies between 65 - 70%. The maximum
tolerance of temperature for relative humidity level of 65% is given to be below 30 degree C
(approx 25 degree C) (Fig. 4). If a considerable air movement and a very low clo value is
considered in this comfort condition (Chenvidyakarn, 2007), the adjusted Standard Effective
Temperature (SET) comfort conditions give us a maximum tolerance of temperature to be 32
degree C approximately for a RH level of 65%, whereas for higher RH level of 70% this
tolerance comes to around 31 degree C. The observed average temperature of the city of Kolkata
is thus found to be well above both the un-adjusted as well as adjusted values given by the
bioclimatic chart. This needs to explore the thermal comfort capabilities of buildings in order
to reduce their reliance on mechanical conditioning.
Figure 2 Average Maximum Outdoor Temperature and Relative Humidity of Kolkata during 2005-
2015
(Data Source: Alipore Station (42807), Regional Meteorological Centre, India Meteorological
Department)
4. Examining the Thermal Performance of Old Indigenous Architecture of Kolkata to Attain
Sustainable Development
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 406 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 4 Bioclimatic chart after V. Olgyay modified for SET (Chenvidyakarn, 2007)
3. CONDITIONING OF BUILDING – BOON OR BANE
Buildings provide a protective enclosure for its inhabitants. As each region has its own climate,
the houses built therein also varies in their form, material, orientation and design to adapt to the
local climatic requirements. For ages, vernacular architecture designed at different places has
played this role extremely effectively by providing an insulated indoor environment for its
inhabitants. However, since the development of mechanical air-conditioning devices, buildings
have relied more and more on HVAC devices to induce an artificial comfort conditions within
the built environment (Pellegrino, Simonetti, & Chie, 2015). Buildings under study for their
indoor thermal condition are thus divided into two types – conditioned and non-conditioned
(Nayak & Prajapati, 2006).
It is envisaged that too much reliance on mechanical HVAC devices in urban areas may
harm the environment in two ways – firstly, by the release of ozone layer depleting gases into
air, and secondly, by draining the internal heat of the building, especially poorly designed and
heated up buildings, into the outdoor environment and thus contributing in the built-up of urban
heat islands (Mitra, 2018).
Smart City Mission undertaken by Ministry of Urban Development in 2015 takes up aspects
of sustainable development and green building as one of its prime goals. Article 2.4 of the
documents talks about ten Core Infrastructure Elements, where Sustainable Environment is the
eighth one (Ministry of Urban Development, GoI, 2018). Moreover, “Energy Efficient and
Green Building” is included as one of the twenty one Smart Solutions proposed in article 2.5
of the said document. It becomes a responsibility for architects and planners alike to take all
steps possible to make the built environment sustainable.
Figure 5 UNDP Sustainable Development Goal #11
5. Sanmarga Mitra
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 407 editor@iaeme.com
United Nations Development Program (UNDP) took up 17 Sustainable Development Goals
in its Rio-de-Janeiro conference of 2012. The target date for achieving these goals was set as
the year 2030. Of these, goal number 11 (Fig. 5) was to achieve “Sustainable Cities and
Communities: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”
(UNDP, 2012). Under this goal, UNDP has set forth ten targets that call for an increased
awareness on energy usage vis-à-vis thermal performance of built environment.
The above discussion clearly points at the requirement for promoting non-conditioned
buildings in the city, especially its residential sector as it accounts for majority of the built
environment. This would thus take care of the following benefits:
• Occupants in non-conditioned buildings become more adaptive to climatic changes than
those in conditioned buildings. The former group may not get into poor condition of
health even in extreme conditions, whereas the latter group may vary easily fall prey to
slightest changes in their indoor thermal condition (Manu, Shukla, & Rawal, 2014). This
is more so because the conditioned building mostly take into account the static model
of comfort proposed by comfort standards proposed by ASHRAE 55 or similar codes
(Rawal, 2018).
• Buildings occupy more than 40% of the primary energy consumption of the world
(Manu, Shukla, & Rawal, 2014). India is no exception to this and conditioning of
building accounts for 8% of the total expense on power consumption (Rawal, 2018).
The income disparities of Indian population has grown drastically, where the top 1% of
the population (in terms of their wealth) has seen a steady increase of over 5% since the
turn of the millennium, whereas the bottom 50% in the income table has seen a sharp
fall of almost the same 5% during the same tenure (Income Distribution:India, 2019).
The constant rise in thermal discomfort of the urban centres affects this lower 50% of
the population, who can afford no better than the minimum comfort of basic housing –
circumstances that deny the indoor comfort of conditioned houses.
• It would also help achieve the goals of Smart City Mission of Govt of India.
4. INDIGENOUS BUILDINGS OF KOLKATA
Indigenous buildings, by virtue of being developed over prolonged period of time and thus
respecting the local climate to a larger extent, are frequently found to be more climate
responsive and thermally comfortable (Nayak & Prajapati, 2006). According to Lehmann,
vernacular and indigenous buildings using traditional passive design principles perform better
than the modern building stocks because of their “heat avoidance, the appropriate use of local
materials, the use of natural cross ventilation and the harnessing of natural energies offered by
the location” (Lehmann, 2011).
This indigenous architecture that took shape in late 17th
and early 18th
century Kolkata had
some typical components, especially in the houses of the reach traders, landlords and
administrative assistants of the British administrators. The entire plan got divided into two
broad parts – (a) Bahir Mahal or the Outer House and (b) Andar Mahal or the Inner House (Fig.
6). Both these portions of the house would be typically designed around a courtyard that would
be the centre of life for the built spaces around.
6. Examining the Thermal Performance of Old Indigenous Architecture of Kolkata to Attain
Sustainable Development
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 408 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 6 Generic plan and sample generated plan of indigenous house in old Kolkata
(Taylor & Lang, The Great Houses of Calcutta: their Antecedents, Precedents, Splendour
and Portents, 2016)
Smaller building components and features that are characteristic of these houses are
• Ornamental entrance to the premise, such as lion door that were typical feature of many
houses,
• Portico or porch to shelter the vehicle an mark the formal entry to the house
• Colonnades and or arcades (around courtyards, along passages)
• Sweeping ornamental
• Decorative elements – such as sculpture, stucco mouldings, wall motifs etc
Thus, this research intends to explore these indigenous houses of Kolkata and assesses their
thermal performance against their modern counterpart to seek solution to counter-balance the
growing thermal discomfort condition of Kolkata and other similar Indian cities.
5. OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to find out whether old indigenous residential buildings of Kolkata
show better thermal performance than the new residential buildings of the city.
6. DELINEATION OF STUDY REGION
For the purpose of delineating and limiting study regions for the research, three zones have
been designated within the city of Kolkata (Fig. 7)–
• Northern or Old Traditional City – the area between Mahatma Gandhi Road and
Dumdum Road in present day city. The eastern boundary is delineated by Jessore
Roadvand then CIT Road up to Sealdah.
• Central or European Quarter of the city – the area between Mahatma Gandhi Road on
north and Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Road on south. The eastern boundary of this
area is Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Road.
7. Sanmarga Mitra
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 409 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 7 Map of Kolkata with delineation of zones Figure 8 Satellite image of
Kolkata showing Locations of the
Survey Buildings
(Base map: https://mapcarta.com/Kolkata/North_Kolkata) (Satellite Image courtesy: Google
Earth)
• Southern or the Newer City – northern boundary of this area is AJC Bose Road, APC
Roy Road and Sealdah Station, whereas southern boundary is the South Suburban
Railway track running south of the Ballygunge area and Rabindra Sarovar lake.
From these zones, twenty buildings have been identified to be studied. Figure 8 shows a
satellite image of the city, showing the location of these study buildings.
7. HERMAL CONDITION DATA
Thermal data of three types has been collected during this research:
• Data on Temperature and Relative Humidity on Kolkata for a decade (Secondary Data)
• Dry bulb temperature and dew point temperature on the days of survey (Secondary
Data)
• Survey data on temperature and relative humidity from houses under study (Primary
Data)
8. COMPARISON OF BUILDINGS WITH AMBIENT OUTDOOR
CONDITION
Average indoor temperature, relative humidity and heat index for old and new buildings are
separately compared in two groups. The comparison is done in two ways. Firstly, these values
are compared with the ambient air measurements, and then they are compared between each
other. The whole study being divided between the summers of 2016 and 2017, the ambient air
measurement data has been considered for these two years simultaneously. The average values
of these two phases are given in Table 1.
Table 1 Average Ambient Outdoor Thermal Measurements in Kolkata during Study Period
2016 2017 Average
Temperature 30.4 C 30.71 C 30.56 C
Relative Humidity 76.95% 71.44% 74.20%
Heat Index 37.38 C 36.78 C 37.08 C
8. Examining the Thermal Performance of Old Indigenous Architecture of Kolkata to Attain
Sustainable Development
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 410 editor@iaeme.com
In the first step of comparison, these average measurements are superimposed on the
temperature comparisons of Old and New type of buildings. In the first comparison (Fig. 9), it
is seen that the average temperature of 10 old buildings (30.61C) is almost similar to that of
the outdoor ambient temperature (30.56C). On the other hand, the average temperature of the
new buildings (31.28C) is considerably higher than that of outdoor temperature (Fig. 10).
Another trend observed is that irrespective of old or new building group, older buildings show
better performance than later ones.
Comparison of relative humidity data show that both old and new buildings show efficiency
of enclosure to keep the indoor humidity condition within control, despite few exceptions as is
visible (Fig. 11, 12).
Figure 9 Figure 10
Figure 9 Average Temperature of Old Study Buildings against Average Outdoor Temperature
Figure 10 Average Temperature of New Study Buildings against Average Outdoor Temperature
Figure 11 Figure 12
Figure 11 Average Relative Humidity of Old Buildings against Average RH
Figure 12 Average Relative Humidity of New Buildings against Average RH
9. Sanmarga Mitra
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 411 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 13 Figure 14
Figure 13 Average Heat Index of Old Buildings against Average HI
Figure 14 Average Heat Index of New Buildings against Average HI
On the other hand, the heat index graphs reveals where the difference between indoor
thermal conditions old and new type of buildings can actually be observed. On one hand, the
average HI value (36.51C) of old buildings is quite less than the average outdoor HI value
(37.08C) (Fig. 13). On the other hand, the average HI value (38.37C) of the new buildings
is quite high than the average outdoor value (Fig. 14).
This comparison is further extended to the maximum values observed during the study
period. The maximum temperature and Heat Index observed during the two years of studies,
viz, 2016 and 2017 have been retrieved from the ambient condition dataset (Table 2). These
data have then been used as datum against maximum temperatures observed in various old and
new buildings.
Table 2 Maximum Outdoor Temperature and HI recorded during Study Period
Maximum Temperature Maximum HI
2016 38 C 50 C
2017 37 C 47.16 C
Figure 15 Figure 16
Figure 15 Maximum Temperature Recorded in Old Buildings against Maximum Outdoor Temp
Figure 16 Maximum Temperature Recorded in New Buildings against Maximum Outdoor Temp
10. Examining the Thermal Performance of Old Indigenous Architecture of Kolkata to Attain
Sustainable Development
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 412 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 17 Figure 18
Figure 17 Maximum HI Recorded in Old Buildings against Maximum Outdoor HI
Figure 18 Maximum HI Recorded in New Buildings against Maximum Outdoor HI
On comparison of maximum temperature of old buildings, it was found that the maximum
temperature observed in each of these buildings fall much below the maximum outdoor
temperature observed (Fig. 15). Similar condition is also found for the new buildings, but in
this case the difference between some of the buildings with their outdoor condition is
comparatively much less (Fig. 16). A comparison with average data of temperature (Fig. 9, 10)
explains the phenomenon. While the outdoor temperature condition fluctuates too much
between the maximum and minimum values, the fluctuation is not so drastic within the
buildings, especially the old buildings. In other words, the indoor conditions of old buildings
have less fluctuation and are more stable than the new buildings.
Similarly, maximum heat Index data for old and new buildings were also compared with
the maximum outdoor HI. In this also old buildings have much less HI values than the outdoor
HI (Fig. 17). However, the condition of new buildings in terms of HI is not as good, with one
building (house of Mr. Shubhasis Dutta) have more HI value than the outdoor condition (Fig.
18).
9. CONCLUSION
The study concludes that the old indigenous buildings of Kolkata indeed perform better than
the new residential buildings. This leads to a further question as to what are the reasons for this
superior performance. Further research can point out to this reasons being explored further and
the relationship of better thermal condition and the dependent factors to be established in a
conclusive way.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] Bose, K. (2008). Seeking the Lost Layers: an Inquiry into the Traditional Dwellings of the
Urban Elite in North Calcutta. Ahmedabad: CEPT University.
[2] Chenvidyakarn, T. (2007). Review Article: Passive Design for Thermal Comfort in Hot
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[3] Lehmann, S. (2011). Energy Efficient Building Design: Towards Climate Responsive
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