The buildings that aren’t “connected” are the same they were decades ago and have retained fundamentally the same purpose i.e. to provide shelter, temperature control, and safety at the same efficiency level. Globally the built environments account for significant energy use and equivalent production of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon footprint. Growing concerns about safety, comfort, global warming, and climate change are leading to technological evolution, that will make the buildings smart, more comfortable, and nearly zero energy buildings. The building architectures are obviously smarter today than they were a few years ago and will continue to do so as the people become more energy aware and efficiency focused. Smart architectures and smart technologies are effective means to make buildings more comfortable, secure and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint. Smart metering, smart grid, energy storage, and smart energy management system are some of the technologies that find their use in smart architectures along with ubiquitous digital technologies. These evolving technologies being relatively new can indeed make the buildings smart, intelligent, energy efficient and environmentally sustainable which will attract higher rentals and more resale values in the near future. For commercial real estate, the savings can be impressive. A reduction in energy use is equivalent to an increase in building’s asset value and net operating income. This paper provides a contemporary look at the potential of smart architectures and evolving smart energy technologies to reduce energy consumption and carbon footprint in built environments. The scope of this paper is limited to the brief overview of these technologies and their applications.
Key Aspect for Approach of Smart Grid Design Systemijtsrd
With development of smart grid technology, power generation and distribution network acts as new brain in this field. In this technology, the network will not only get going to integrated and set communicable all over the country but its demand will be tracked by the control centers in different aspect and at high time the usage of power is going to cost higher than the actual rate with intimation given to the customer through notification via sms or email. Through this research, the designing for Smart Grids was inspected from a logical aspect, monitoring its behavioral, and physical, and must observe the optimal integration of entire system. From the conventional distribution system, we can see the designed for the control of all the constituents as observe to be autonomous with each other. Thus, centralization in control and consolidated functionality are the main challenges discover by the distribution system. To minimize these matter of concern, the term ""distribution system and its responsibilities"" came into effect by using information and communications technology ICT to power the resolution in circulating distribution system. For preparing the outline in this aspect, this paper aims to present a layout in initiating smart grid technology and responsibilities. In contrast we argue to design an interest in the field of Smart Grid. Ashish Gangwar | Sadaf Qasim ""Key Aspect for Approach of Smart Grid Design System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29840.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29840/key-aspect-for-approach-of-smart-grid-design-system/ashish-gangwar
The Effect of Building Direction and Natural Airing on Yearly Power UtilizationYogeshIJTSRD
With increasing global warming, the temperature of the atmosphere is also increasing. Given such climate conditions, it becomes compelling to limit the use of artificial energy sources and find ways to help us control the temperature of a place. This paper deals with reducing the energy consumption of a building without affecting its required temperature by combining different building orientations using an information system. It gives a clear picture of the best suited situation for a particular place. We have used the design software and incorporated factors such as the orientation of the building. It will provide us with the required amount of artificial energy, taking the ideal temperature of the building into account. It will also tell us the difference this setup can make in the long term cost of the building. If these parameters are taken into consideration before building design, better returns in terms of energy savings and long term financial benefits can be achieved. Shahid Raza | Ameen Uddin Ahmad "The Effect of Building Direction and Natural Airing on Yearly Power Utilization" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43822.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43822/the-effect-of-building-direction-and-natural-airing-on-yearly-power-utilization/shahid-raza
Numerical Evaluation of Temperature Distribution and Stresses Developed in Re...YogeshIJTSRD
Resistance spot welding is a type of electric resistance welding used to weld various sheet metal products through a process in which contacting metal surface points are joined by the heat obtained from resistance to electric current. The intense heat generated and rapid cooling of the joint produce residual stresses and distortion in the joint. The prediction of residual stresses before carrying actual welding is important for the prevention of these stresses. In this study thermo elasto plastic analyses are carried out to simulate resistance welding under various conditions. Mild steel sheets of equal and unequal thicknesses and aluminium sheets of equal and unequal thicknesses have been spot welded with the application of pressure which is determined by measuring force on the joint with a load cell. The size and shape of the nugget for different spot welding conditions is ascertained. The residual stresses under different spot welding conditions are compared. M. Lakshmi Sramika | I. Shanmukha | K. Kishore Chandra Mouli | K. Harish Kumar | M. Vamsi Kiran | N. V. S. J. K. Naidu "Numerical Evaluation of Temperature Distribution and Stresses Developed in Resistance Spot Welding" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43855.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/43855/numerical-evaluation-of-temperature-distribution-and-stresses-developed-in-resistance-spot-welding/m-lakshmi-sramika
Prediction of Power Consumption and Leakage Detectionijtsrd
Energy consumption and predictions for residential buildings play an important role within the energy management and system, as the availability and demand of energy resources is the dynamic and seasonal changes. Human beings are unaware of the cost of energy consumed by various appliances and the energy resources available for the next generation. Each appliances in homes will consume different power consumption in different seasons. Accordingly the bill rate changes. Vyshnavi B | Selma P. T | Renin Joy | Sheethal M. S "Prediction of Power Consumption and Leakage Detection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30589.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/30589/prediction-of-power-consumption-and-leakage-detection/vyshnavi-b
Key Aspect for Approach of Smart Grid Design Systemijtsrd
With development of smart grid technology, power generation and distribution network acts as new brain in this field. In this technology, the network will not only get going to integrated and set communicable all over the country but its demand will be tracked by the control centers in different aspect and at high time the usage of power is going to cost higher than the actual rate with intimation given to the customer through notification via sms or email. Through this research, the designing for Smart Grids was inspected from a logical aspect, monitoring its behavioral, and physical, and must observe the optimal integration of entire system. From the conventional distribution system, we can see the designed for the control of all the constituents as observe to be autonomous with each other. Thus, centralization in control and consolidated functionality are the main challenges discover by the distribution system. To minimize these matter of concern, the term ""distribution system and its responsibilities"" came into effect by using information and communications technology ICT to power the resolution in circulating distribution system. For preparing the outline in this aspect, this paper aims to present a layout in initiating smart grid technology and responsibilities. In contrast we argue to design an interest in the field of Smart Grid. Ashish Gangwar | Sadaf Qasim ""Key Aspect for Approach of Smart Grid Design System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29840.pdf
Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29840/key-aspect-for-approach-of-smart-grid-design-system/ashish-gangwar
The Effect of Building Direction and Natural Airing on Yearly Power UtilizationYogeshIJTSRD
With increasing global warming, the temperature of the atmosphere is also increasing. Given such climate conditions, it becomes compelling to limit the use of artificial energy sources and find ways to help us control the temperature of a place. This paper deals with reducing the energy consumption of a building without affecting its required temperature by combining different building orientations using an information system. It gives a clear picture of the best suited situation for a particular place. We have used the design software and incorporated factors such as the orientation of the building. It will provide us with the required amount of artificial energy, taking the ideal temperature of the building into account. It will also tell us the difference this setup can make in the long term cost of the building. If these parameters are taken into consideration before building design, better returns in terms of energy savings and long term financial benefits can be achieved. Shahid Raza | Ameen Uddin Ahmad "The Effect of Building Direction and Natural Airing on Yearly Power Utilization" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43822.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43822/the-effect-of-building-direction-and-natural-airing-on-yearly-power-utilization/shahid-raza
Numerical Evaluation of Temperature Distribution and Stresses Developed in Re...YogeshIJTSRD
Resistance spot welding is a type of electric resistance welding used to weld various sheet metal products through a process in which contacting metal surface points are joined by the heat obtained from resistance to electric current. The intense heat generated and rapid cooling of the joint produce residual stresses and distortion in the joint. The prediction of residual stresses before carrying actual welding is important for the prevention of these stresses. In this study thermo elasto plastic analyses are carried out to simulate resistance welding under various conditions. Mild steel sheets of equal and unequal thicknesses and aluminium sheets of equal and unequal thicknesses have been spot welded with the application of pressure which is determined by measuring force on the joint with a load cell. The size and shape of the nugget for different spot welding conditions is ascertained. The residual stresses under different spot welding conditions are compared. M. Lakshmi Sramika | I. Shanmukha | K. Kishore Chandra Mouli | K. Harish Kumar | M. Vamsi Kiran | N. V. S. J. K. Naidu "Numerical Evaluation of Temperature Distribution and Stresses Developed in Resistance Spot Welding" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43855.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/43855/numerical-evaluation-of-temperature-distribution-and-stresses-developed-in-resistance-spot-welding/m-lakshmi-sramika
Prediction of Power Consumption and Leakage Detectionijtsrd
Energy consumption and predictions for residential buildings play an important role within the energy management and system, as the availability and demand of energy resources is the dynamic and seasonal changes. Human beings are unaware of the cost of energy consumed by various appliances and the energy resources available for the next generation. Each appliances in homes will consume different power consumption in different seasons. Accordingly the bill rate changes. Vyshnavi B | Selma P. T | Renin Joy | Sheethal M. S "Prediction of Power Consumption and Leakage Detection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30589.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/30589/prediction-of-power-consumption-and-leakage-detection/vyshnavi-b
Optimization of the Building Energy Performance through Dynamic Modeling, Sys...IJERA Editor
The annual energy consumption in the residential and commercial sectors, in India is rising consistently at about 8% and the overall energy consumption in buildings has seen an increase from a low of 14% in the 1970s to nearly 33% in 2004/05. The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 254.049 GW as of end of September 2014. The research paper will deal with the modeling and optimization of the building energy performance by means of the application of the dynamic building simulation, the optimization of the energy systems and the verification of the energy consumptions and comfort conditions. An integrated tool is at an early stage of development to optimize the building energy performance to be expressed in terms of total energy use. The goal of the research paper is to optimize the building energy performance through the potential of the passive building technologies and the increase of efficiency of the building system.
Prediction of Power Consumption and Leakage Detectionijtsrd
Energy consumption and predictions in the residential buildings play an important role within the energy management and system, as the availability in the demand of energy resources is dynamic. Human beings are unaware of the value of energy consumed by various appliances and therefore the energy resources available for subsequent generation. Each appliances in homes will consume different power consumption in several seasons. Accordingly the bill rate changes. Vyshnavi B | Selma P. T | Renin Joy | Sheethal M. S "Prediction of Power Consumption and Leakage Detection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31491.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/31491/prediction-of-power-consumption-and-leakage-detection/vyshnavi-b
Energy Survey and Audit of Buildings for Energy Conservationijtsrd
Today the energy utilization of each nation is expanded pointedly. In all area energy is especially significant for country economy. The energy request is expanding exceptionally quickly with the improvement of society. The costs and request of energy is expanding with time so to control the cost and request a more compelling and feasible energy framework becomes important. The point of this paper is to make an energy overview of the structure, assessing various wellsprings of energy supply and misfortunes in the structure. An energy review is a cycle for energy examination, building study and investigation of energy stream for energy protection in a structure or industry, or to decrease the measure of energy into the structure without influencing the yield of the structure. Energy review is a course of testing and examination energy utilizes the ventures and different associations. Public energy preservation laws details that the guidelines for energy utilization, examination and energy review the board. In energy review the overview of all electrical gadgets which use energy in a structure after a timeframe. Energy review incorporates the stock of energy, utilization of energy and energy misfortunes for every typical structure. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji | Nilesh Kumar Jain | Rajat Rusia "Energy Survey and Audit of Buildings for Energy Conservation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47693.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/47693/energy-survey-and-audit-of-buildings-for-energy-conservation/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
Data Warehouse Structure for Energy Monitoring System Towards Campus Sustaina...ijtsrd
"ICT gadgets are turning out to be increasingly widespread in all parts of human life. ICT devours energy, additionally a significant method for sparing energy. In a university campus, it is not unusual for students to own and use more than one gadgets for personal or academic purpose. Conservatively, it has done as such by making energy using systems performance faster. Taking into contrast the worldwide emphasis of the effect of energy consumption in general, there is a developing focus to the power utilization connected with ICT hardware. This work is designed to calculate energy consumption for ICTs and to show analyzed reports and charts for top managers. To accomplish the research, the author needs to depend on the methodology that permitted us to address ways in which energy can be calculated. In regard to the research, we proposed a program that will calculate total cost of ICT devices used, show charts and reports and store these devices in the database. Precious Oaseru Johnson | Precious Oaseru Johnson | Manimala Veeraiyah | Tee Kiam Khai ""Data Warehouse Structure for Energy Monitoring System Towards Campus Sustainability"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Information Technology , November 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19152.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/19152/data-warehouse-structure-for-energy-monitoring-system-towards-campus-sustainability/precious-oaseru-johnson"
Energy Efficient Building using Solar Energy and Adoptation of Green Building...ijtsrd
The field of "ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING", or building design and constructions that prioritizes energy efficiency and sustainability, is young but rapidly developing. This report's analysis of building construction practices includes description of methods that are currently being employed by the construction industry to increase energy efficiency methods to decrease the amount of energy used in building operating systems, and methods that are currently known to improve energy efficiency but are not yet commercially viable. As energy consumption from residential building is predicted to rise by more than 8 times by 2050 under the business as usual scenario, it is of vital importance for India to develop energy efficiency strategies focused on the residential sector to limit the current trend of unsustainable escalating energy demand. This study investigates methods of restraining growth in energy consumption in the Indian residential sector and documents energy saving potentials that can be achieved with focused policy and market efforts. The report examines other methods of encouraging the public to use energy more efficiently. Also discussed are possibilities for the state of mandate greater energy efficiency in the private sector, primarily through amendments to the building code and to land use and zoning policies. Due to current economic factors, this option may promote a state of policy of energy conservation more than attempting to encourage efficiency with incentives. The ultimate aim is to make the residential building as eco friendly. P K Ponsangari "Energy Efficient Building using Solar Energy and Adoptation of Green Building Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28093.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/28093/energy-efficient-building-using-solar-energy-and-adoptation-of-green-building-techniques/p-k-ponsangari
An outline of Cape Light Compact's plan to convert 700 residents from oil, propane, and electric resistance heat to cold climate heat pumps powered by Solar Photovoltaic and Battery Storage.
Conservation of Energy: a Case Study on Energy Conservation in Campus Lightin...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
With the proliferation of portable computing devices, power consumption has become a major concern. Power consumption has posed a serious challenge to the high performance computing systems. Power aware computing is to minimize energy requirements for computation. The main objective of power aware computing is to conserve energy for routing messages from source to destination. This paper provides a brief introduction to power aware computing. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Adedamola A. Omotoso | Sarhan M. Musa "Power Aware Computing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29395.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29395/power-aware-computing/matthew-n-o-sadiku
Interfacing and Interconnection of Microgrid Systems A Reviewijtsrd
This paper put forwards a comprehensive review on planning of grid integrated distributed generators. An overview of different DG technologies has been presented. Different issues associated with DG integration have been discussed. The planning objectives of DG integration have been surveyed in detail and have been critically reviewed with respect to conventional and RES based DG technologies. Different techniques used for optimal placement of DGs have also been investigated and compared. The extensive literature survey revealed that researchers have mostly focused on DG integration planning using conventional DGs. RES based DGs have not been given due consideration. While integrating RES, their stochastic behaviour has not been appropriately accounted. Finally, visualizing the wide scope of research in the planning of grid integrated DGs an attempt has been made to identify future research avenues. Majid Hussain "Interfacing and Interconnection of Microgrid Systems: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31149.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/31149/interfacing-and-interconnection-of-microgrid-systems-a-review/majid-hussain
Use of distributed electricity generation systems is currently increasing due to their economic and environmental benefits. Agricultural greenhouses require heat and electricity for covering their energy needs while their annual energy requirements vary significantly. Aim of the current work is the investigation of applying various distributed electricity generation systems in greenhouses. A review of different distributed generation systems currently used in various sectors as well as in greenhouses has been implemented. Various technologies are examined utilizing either renewable energies or fossil fuels in very efficient energy systems. Most of them are mature and cost-effective having lower environmental impacts compared with traditional centralized electricity generation technologies. Their use in greenhouses results in many benefits including the creation of an additional income for the farmer, reduction of carbon emissions into the atmosphere and increasing stability of the electric grid. It is suggested that distributed electricity generation systems should be used more in greenhouses when the necessary conditions are favorable.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Optimization of the Building Energy Performance through Dynamic Modeling, Sys...IJERA Editor
The annual energy consumption in the residential and commercial sectors, in India is rising consistently at about 8% and the overall energy consumption in buildings has seen an increase from a low of 14% in the 1970s to nearly 33% in 2004/05. The electricity sector in India had an installed capacity of 254.049 GW as of end of September 2014. The research paper will deal with the modeling and optimization of the building energy performance by means of the application of the dynamic building simulation, the optimization of the energy systems and the verification of the energy consumptions and comfort conditions. An integrated tool is at an early stage of development to optimize the building energy performance to be expressed in terms of total energy use. The goal of the research paper is to optimize the building energy performance through the potential of the passive building technologies and the increase of efficiency of the building system.
Prediction of Power Consumption and Leakage Detectionijtsrd
Energy consumption and predictions in the residential buildings play an important role within the energy management and system, as the availability in the demand of energy resources is dynamic. Human beings are unaware of the value of energy consumed by various appliances and therefore the energy resources available for subsequent generation. Each appliances in homes will consume different power consumption in several seasons. Accordingly the bill rate changes. Vyshnavi B | Selma P. T | Renin Joy | Sheethal M. S "Prediction of Power Consumption and Leakage Detection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31491.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/31491/prediction-of-power-consumption-and-leakage-detection/vyshnavi-b
Energy Survey and Audit of Buildings for Energy Conservationijtsrd
Today the energy utilization of each nation is expanded pointedly. In all area energy is especially significant for country economy. The energy request is expanding exceptionally quickly with the improvement of society. The costs and request of energy is expanding with time so to control the cost and request a more compelling and feasible energy framework becomes important. The point of this paper is to make an energy overview of the structure, assessing various wellsprings of energy supply and misfortunes in the structure. An energy review is a cycle for energy examination, building study and investigation of energy stream for energy protection in a structure or industry, or to decrease the measure of energy into the structure without influencing the yield of the structure. Energy review is a course of testing and examination energy utilizes the ventures and different associations. Public energy preservation laws details that the guidelines for energy utilization, examination and energy review the board. In energy review the overview of all electrical gadgets which use energy in a structure after a timeframe. Energy review incorporates the stock of energy, utilization of energy and energy misfortunes for every typical structure. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji | Nilesh Kumar Jain | Rajat Rusia "Energy Survey and Audit of Buildings for Energy Conservation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47693.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/47693/energy-survey-and-audit-of-buildings-for-energy-conservation/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
Data Warehouse Structure for Energy Monitoring System Towards Campus Sustaina...ijtsrd
"ICT gadgets are turning out to be increasingly widespread in all parts of human life. ICT devours energy, additionally a significant method for sparing energy. In a university campus, it is not unusual for students to own and use more than one gadgets for personal or academic purpose. Conservatively, it has done as such by making energy using systems performance faster. Taking into contrast the worldwide emphasis of the effect of energy consumption in general, there is a developing focus to the power utilization connected with ICT hardware. This work is designed to calculate energy consumption for ICTs and to show analyzed reports and charts for top managers. To accomplish the research, the author needs to depend on the methodology that permitted us to address ways in which energy can be calculated. In regard to the research, we proposed a program that will calculate total cost of ICT devices used, show charts and reports and store these devices in the database. Precious Oaseru Johnson | Precious Oaseru Johnson | Manimala Veeraiyah | Tee Kiam Khai ""Data Warehouse Structure for Energy Monitoring System Towards Campus Sustainability"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Information Technology , November 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19152.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/19152/data-warehouse-structure-for-energy-monitoring-system-towards-campus-sustainability/precious-oaseru-johnson"
Energy Efficient Building using Solar Energy and Adoptation of Green Building...ijtsrd
The field of "ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING", or building design and constructions that prioritizes energy efficiency and sustainability, is young but rapidly developing. This report's analysis of building construction practices includes description of methods that are currently being employed by the construction industry to increase energy efficiency methods to decrease the amount of energy used in building operating systems, and methods that are currently known to improve energy efficiency but are not yet commercially viable. As energy consumption from residential building is predicted to rise by more than 8 times by 2050 under the business as usual scenario, it is of vital importance for India to develop energy efficiency strategies focused on the residential sector to limit the current trend of unsustainable escalating energy demand. This study investigates methods of restraining growth in energy consumption in the Indian residential sector and documents energy saving potentials that can be achieved with focused policy and market efforts. The report examines other methods of encouraging the public to use energy more efficiently. Also discussed are possibilities for the state of mandate greater energy efficiency in the private sector, primarily through amendments to the building code and to land use and zoning policies. Due to current economic factors, this option may promote a state of policy of energy conservation more than attempting to encourage efficiency with incentives. The ultimate aim is to make the residential building as eco friendly. P K Ponsangari "Energy Efficient Building using Solar Energy and Adoptation of Green Building Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28093.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/28093/energy-efficient-building-using-solar-energy-and-adoptation-of-green-building-techniques/p-k-ponsangari
An outline of Cape Light Compact's plan to convert 700 residents from oil, propane, and electric resistance heat to cold climate heat pumps powered by Solar Photovoltaic and Battery Storage.
Conservation of Energy: a Case Study on Energy Conservation in Campus Lightin...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
With the proliferation of portable computing devices, power consumption has become a major concern. Power consumption has posed a serious challenge to the high performance computing systems. Power aware computing is to minimize energy requirements for computation. The main objective of power aware computing is to conserve energy for routing messages from source to destination. This paper provides a brief introduction to power aware computing. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Adedamola A. Omotoso | Sarhan M. Musa "Power Aware Computing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29395.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29395/power-aware-computing/matthew-n-o-sadiku
Interfacing and Interconnection of Microgrid Systems A Reviewijtsrd
This paper put forwards a comprehensive review on planning of grid integrated distributed generators. An overview of different DG technologies has been presented. Different issues associated with DG integration have been discussed. The planning objectives of DG integration have been surveyed in detail and have been critically reviewed with respect to conventional and RES based DG technologies. Different techniques used for optimal placement of DGs have also been investigated and compared. The extensive literature survey revealed that researchers have mostly focused on DG integration planning using conventional DGs. RES based DGs have not been given due consideration. While integrating RES, their stochastic behaviour has not been appropriately accounted. Finally, visualizing the wide scope of research in the planning of grid integrated DGs an attempt has been made to identify future research avenues. Majid Hussain "Interfacing and Interconnection of Microgrid Systems: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31149.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/31149/interfacing-and-interconnection-of-microgrid-systems-a-review/majid-hussain
Use of distributed electricity generation systems is currently increasing due to their economic and environmental benefits. Agricultural greenhouses require heat and electricity for covering their energy needs while their annual energy requirements vary significantly. Aim of the current work is the investigation of applying various distributed electricity generation systems in greenhouses. A review of different distributed generation systems currently used in various sectors as well as in greenhouses has been implemented. Various technologies are examined utilizing either renewable energies or fossil fuels in very efficient energy systems. Most of them are mature and cost-effective having lower environmental impacts compared with traditional centralized electricity generation technologies. Their use in greenhouses results in many benefits including the creation of an additional income for the farmer, reduction of carbon emissions into the atmosphere and increasing stability of the electric grid. It is suggested that distributed electricity generation systems should be used more in greenhouses when the necessary conditions are favorable.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Innovative strategies for energy optimizationeSAT Journals
Abstract Optimization of energy production systems is a relevant issue that must be considered in order to follow the fossil fuels consumption reduction policies and the CO2 emission regulation. Increasing electricity production from renewable resources (e.g. photovoltaic systems and wind farms) is desirable but its unpredictability is a cause of problems for the main grid stability. The multi-energy system represents an efficient solution, by realizing an interface among renewable energy sources, energy storage systems and conventional power generators. Direct consequences of multi-energy systems are wider energy flexibility and benefits for the electric grid. In this study the performances of a multi-energy system in dynamic regime have been evaluated and a comparison with a conventional system has been performed. The results show how this innovative energetic approach can provide a cost reduction in power supply and energy fees of 40% and 25% respectively and CO2 emission decrease attained around 18%. Furthermore, the multi-energy system taken as case of study has been optimized through the utilization of three different type of energy storage (Pb-Ac batteries, Flywheels and Micro-Caes). Keywords: Multi-Energy System, Cost of Energy, Energy Storage
Institutional smart buildings energy auditIJECEIAES
Smart buildings and Fuzzy based control systems used in Buildings Management System (BMS), Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) and Building Automation Systems (BAS) are a point of interests among researcher and stake holders of buildings’ developing sector due to its ability to save energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore this paper will review, investigates define and evaluates the use of fuzzy logic controllers in smart buildings under subtropical Australia’s subtropical regions. In addition the paper also will define the latest development, design and proposed controlling strategies used in institutional buildings. Furthermore this paper will highlight and discuss the conceptual basis of these technologies including Fuzzy, Neural and Hybrid add-on technologies, its capabilities and its limitation.
Understanding the consumption patterns in a working space is important for evaluating the causes of energy wastage and for developing strategies towards specific energy reduction methods. The intent of metering systems in buildings is to provide adequate data that help improve building systems performance. The results of the analysis offer the potential to improve the energy efficiency of the building and reduce the operation costs. Researchers of Polytechnic University of Madrid and American University of Ras Al Khaimah have developed a metering and control system that processes and analyzes the digitalized signals. This system can collect, analyze and manage the electrical consumption in buildings. It is non-intrusive, can be easily deployed in electric boards and sends data to a central base station located away from the metering device. In this article the system is tested in an educational facility with a wide range of uses. The lighting fixtures, power outlets and HVAC devices are analyzed in offices, classrooms and architecture studios. This article concludes that energy audits for longer time periods help building managers understand device profiles, occupant behavior and environmental context.
Global issue based power generation expansion planning for a power systemeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Global issue based power generation expansion planning for a power systemeSAT Journals
Abstract In This Project an global issue based power generation expansion planning model has been developed for optimization that considers the growth of fuel prices and its fluctuation, benefits of carbon-trading in generation expansion decision, power risks . The Developed model is applied to An Electric Power System for the future. In an electric power system, the electric demand has been running ahead of supply. In addition, of the growth of fuel price can affect the country economy. To minimize these problems, a multi-objective model preceded by electric demand forecasting is developed by considering the unit of power generation and investment cost, imported fuels and benefits of carbon trading, environmental impacts. A model has been developed in the MATLAB and is simulated to get the output of each power plant at a very nominal cost for building the power plants, production and fuel. Keywords: electrical power generation, expansion, planning, Load forecasting, Optimizing, linear model
Buildings contribute to 40 percent of global energy consumption, and are expected to do so even more in the coming future. This consumption directly influences the use of fossil fuels that have significant environmental impacts. Although renewable energy sources have shown tremendous promise, it is anticipated that most of the global energy generation will still use fossil fuels. Therefore the need for energy efficiency in buildings is critical, and the main objective of a 'smart building' is to reduce and manage building energy consumption without compromising occupant comfort and operational efficiency. Within buildings, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems contribute to significant energy consumption. The other share is consumed by lighting and plug loads. Smart buildings employ different types of sensors in HVAC and other mechanical systems which makes these systems more intelligent and adaptive. Data from sensors and associated controllers are now being used for building energy analytics and the technological advancements made in this field is very promising.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENTSijcsit
The World Wide Web and the rise of servers and PC's data centers have become a major position in the
overall power consumption of the world. In order to prevent global warming and ensuing disasters, already
Internet-service providers, hosting providers on green power have changed. Even household energy
suppliers offer green electricity from renewable energy such as wind, solar, biomass and hydro, which
emits no carbon dioxide, to stand against global warming. Only a global change for the information
technology can prevent the global-warming. The switch to renewable energy is the beginning of our future
and must be pursued as well as the research and development in information and communication
technology.
An occupancy-based strategy employing computer vision for reducing cooling en...journalBEEI
The energy expended to cool the occupied areas by air conditioners represents a substantial share of the total energy exhausted in buildings. Therefore, developing strategies to reduce this energy is crucial. One of the preponderance strategies adopted to depreciate energy consumption in buildings is the occupancy-based strategy. In this research, an innovative model was established to achieve the goal of reducing cooling energy consumed in buildings based on occupancy-based combined with a constant temperature setpoint strategy in two phases, and each phase engrosses in 20 days. Phase one is to identify the extent of cooling energy employed according to the use of room occupants and its costs in consumption was 276.01 kWh after completion of this phase. Sequentially, constructing phase two intended to reduce cooling energy consumption by employing an automatic air-conditioner (AC) control strategy relying on an improved human detection algorithm with a 25℃ as temperature setpoint, resulting in 112.45 kWh of consumption. To complement the motives for elaboration, the human detection measurement using you only look once (YOLO) improved by applying pre-processing algorithms to reach an average human detection enhancement of 21.2%. The proposed model results showed that potential savings associated with the embraced strategy decreases by more than anticipated as the amount of reduced energy reached 59% savings.
A Study on Intelligent Management of Electrical Systems in Industriesijtsrd
It has been a rapid rise in the automation of public electricity distribution in the last several years. We can utilise the same framework to construct new intelligent applications for industrial power distribution networks. Today, there is a demand for new applications in the industrial sector and in response to various environmental changes. Using the information in this blog, we can have a better understanding of how industrial electric systems are managed and how new applications and methods for managing distribution and monitoring industrial networks can be implemented. The topic of energy management has grown in relevance and complexity in recent years. It entails selecting from among a variety of energy sources those that can provide power to a variety of loads while reducing losses and expense. The systems response, the selection of sources, must be done in real time to minimise power outages due to the heterogeneous, distributed nature of the sources and loads. Micro grid is a grouping of interconnected power sources and loads that can self regulate in order to maximise a variety of factors, including but not limited to cost and efficiency. Shibu Ganesh | Harish Kumar V C "A Study on Intelligent Management of Electrical Systems in Industries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50169.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/50169/a-study-on-intelligent-management-of-electrical-systems-in-industries/shibu-ganesh
Integrated Energy System Modeling of China for 2020 by Incorporating Demand R...Kashif Mehmood
Electricity and heat energy carriers are mostly produced by the fossil fuel sources that are
conventionally operated independently, but these carriers have low efficiency due to heat losses. Moreover,
a high share of variable renewable energy sources disrupts the power system reliability and flexibility.
Therefore, the coupling of multiple energy carriers is underlined to address the above-mentioned issues that
are supported by the latest technologies, such as combined heat and power, heat pumps, demand response,
and energy storages. These coupling nodes in energy hubs stimulate the conversion of the electric power
system into the integrated energy system that proves to be cost-effective, flexible, and carbon-free. The
proposed work uses EnergyPLAN to model electricity, district, and individual heating integrated energy
system of China for the year 2020. Furthermore, the addition of heat pumps, thermal storage, and demand
response is analyzed in different scenarios to minimize the annual costs, fuel consumption, and CO2
emissions. Technical simulation strategy is conducted for optimal operation of production components that
result in the reduction of the above-mentioned prominent factors while calculating the critical and exportable
excess electricity production. The simulation results demonstrate that demand response and thermal storage
significantly enhance the share of variable renewable energy sources. In addition, it substantially reduces the
annual costs and fuel consumption, while heat pump increases the system efficiency
DESIGN OF INTELLIGENT DEVICE TO SAVE STANDBY POWER IN NETWORK ENABLED DEVICESIAEME Publication
Network connectivity is rapidly expanding to a range of new device groups that offer both wired and wireless network functionality. In 2012, 74% of Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and 94% of consumer Internet traffic originated from personal computers (PCs). By 2017, analysts predict that 49% of IP traffic and 39% of consumer Internet traffic will originate from non‑PC networked enabled devices. For network enabled devices, the most appropriate method of energy consumption reduction would be the total disconnection reduced time of operation since they are used infrequently. Automatic Power cut-off and Reset Device is the device which will avoid the standby power consumption.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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Cite this article: R. L. Sharma and Amar Singh, Smart Energy Technologies and
Building Architecture: An Overview International Journal of Civil Engineering and
Technology(IJCIET)10(2)pp;473-484
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1. INTRODUCTION
For centuries, mankind has been made to find shelter between walls and under a roof. Despite
all the technological innovations in design and construction, the buildings have retained
fundamentally the same purpose i.e. to provide the shelter, temperature control and safety at
the same efficiency level [1]. But today, buildings are indeed more than a roof and four walls.
Growing concerns about safety, comfort, global warming, and climate change are leading to
technological evolution that combines ambient intelligence and home automation to make the
buildings a better living and breathing space. The buildings are now more optimized, secure,
comfortable, and - even their impact on the environment stands to change for the better.
The built environments globally account for a staggering 48% of energy consumption and
45% of CO2 emissions within the region [2]. The cities contribute approximately for two-thirds
of global energy use and an equal amount of CO2 emissions in both developed and developing
countries [3]. In cold countries, space heating together with warm water supply consumes on
an average 65% of the end-use energy, mostly derived from fossil fuels [4]. By 2050, this share
could double or triple if adequate steps are not taken. There is hardly any country that can claim
to have not suffered the disastrous impact of climate change in the past few years in the form
of monstrous floods, droughts and rising sea levels. And what is scary is that the situation is
getting worse by the day. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its report
titled “Global Warming of 1.5 Degrees”, released in October 2018 has warned that the Earth
will face devastating consequences of the climate change if the world fails to keep global
warming within 1.5 degrees Celsius of pre-industrial levels. The global population is expected
to reach 10 billion over the next 30 years [5]. And to accommodate this population, millions of
apartments/houses may be added in the near future, particularly in the developing countries
like India and China. This, in turn, will increase the energy demand for cooling and heating
and other forms of energy commonly used in buildings.
To address the key issue of reduction in energy consumption and carbon footprint in the
built environments require cutting-edge technologies, and “outside the box”, thinking. Rather
than accelerating the supply to meet the growing energy needs, demand-side management has
to be focused to reduce consumption. A reduction in energy consumption is equivalent to an
increase in net operating income and building asset value [6]. A wide variety of approaches
and energy efficiency measures (EEMs) have been reported in the literature. These approached
can be broadly categorized as (i) constructing or transforming the existing buildings to smart
and intelligent architectures and (ii) efficiency improvements through energy technologies and
other measures. Building planners and designers all look for such technologies to make
buildings safe, comfortable, energy efficient and sustainable that will attract higher rentals and
more resale values. This paper examines some of the evolving technologies that can
significantly contribute to the reduction in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions
in the built environments.
This paper is structured as follows: Section 2 outlines the smart energy technologies;
section 3 describes a smart building architecture and the last section offers the concluding
remarks.
2. SMART ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
3. Smart Energy Technologies and Building Architecture: An Overview
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Smart energy technologies offer a holistic approach to reduce energy consumption and
environmental footprint in building life cycle [7]. These technologies include smart metering,
smart grids, energy storage, smart energy management systems, and modern communication
technologies. Thermal retrofits, deep building-envelope improvements, heating, ventilation
and air-conditioning (HVAC) upgrade or equipment replacement are the other EEMs for
existing building architectures [8], [9]. Some of these technologies and their contribution to
energy saving are discussed below:
2.1. Smart Metering
Smart metering infrastructure (SMI) is an integrated system of smart meters, data management
systems, and communication networks [10], offering a wide range of services such as gathering
and transfer of energy usage information in near real-time, demand forecasting, managing
energy consumption, and costs, billing, identify and isolate outages, detect tampering, connect,
and even disconnect services. The smart meter, shown in Figure 1(a), is the core component of
SMI which records aggregate energy usage over short intervals and send data to the energy
company using radio frequency communication for processing and storing [11]. The grid
(energy provider) make the energy usage data available to the end users via a web portal or in-
home displays (IHD). The schematic diagram of SMI is shown in Figure 1(b).
Smart meter technology supports customer inquiries and identifies power outages. IHD
feedback in real-time raises consumer’s awareness and even spur changes in their behavior.
The users become active managers of their energy resources and costs. Research by Smart
Energy [12] shows that 86% of users change their behavior to make energy savings once the
smart meter is installed in their premises. A multitude of empirical studies has been conducted
to quantify the extent of the reduction in energy consumption by various smart feedback
methods [13], [14]. These studies indicate that the reduction ranges from 3% to 20%.
Daily/weekly feedback when combined with goal settings even result in higher energy savings
[15]
Figure 1(a) Smart Meter and Smart Metering Infrastructure Smart meter at a residence
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Figure 1(b) Simplified schematic diagram of smart metering infrastructure
SMI has been exploited extensively to develop techniques for energy demand forecasting
in buildings [16]. However, artificial intelligence techniques and artificial neural network
(ANN) models have received greater attention in recent years [17]. These techniques utilize
sensor-based or machine learning approach for energy load forecasting. The sensor-based
approach has been exploited in the framework of the Green@Hospital project where the
outdoor and indoor temperatures were predicted for 8 hours ahead [18]. The prediction is then
used for optimal control of the hospitals HVAC units leading to a reduction in energy
consumption by 62.1 kWh/m2
and overall energy efficiency improvement of 36%, on yearly
basis.
Over the past few years, the use of smart metering technologies is rapidly growing and has
become more prevalent in existing households and businesses. Already being rolled out in
many countries, the smart metering is a big step to save energy and reduce costs. The use of
ICT such as Web-of-Things (WoT) and the Internet of Things (IoT) is further helping in
evolving the smart metering concept. The IoT has already taken advantage of smart metering
technology and sensor-based approaches to collect data by creating a network of interconnected
devices which, in turn, is used for load forecasting, and load management in buildings [19].
2.2. Smart Grid
The term smart grid refers to electric power infrastructure (generation, transmission, and
distribution) which is self-healing, resilient, and provide quality power to consumers on a
sustainable, secure, and cost-effective manner. It is a dynamic infrastructure that comprises of
SMI, controls, automated monitoring and analytical tools, intelligent systems and appliances,
advanced energy storage, communication network, operational applications, etc. All these
components work with the grid and respond digitally to users quickly changing energy demand.
The concept of the smart grid is continuously evolving and is characterized by greater
intelligence, reliability, robustness, efficiency, and minimum losses. Self-healing capability
enables it to perceive faults and make the necessary adjustments to restore itself back to normal
without any human intervention. The greater resiliency and reliability is largely achieved
through network design and work in real time not only in case of blackouts but also during
exigencies such as fires, tornados, and earthquakes [20]. Microgrid based topologies provide
the necessary flexibility that can supply power independently of each other without affecting
the whole system. Such a sub grid, for instance, ensured power supply to a university hospital
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after the Fukushima earthquake. Intelligent appliances within the system are capable of sensing
and consume power as per users pre-set preferences. Smart power generation through
renewable energy sources is used to optimize energy production and maintain critical system
parameters such as voltage, frequency and power factor automatically. Grid-scale energy
storage is used to supplement the demand within the region during peak or power outages.
The demand response (DR) mechanism has emerged as a viable mechanism of influencing
user behavior. It has been shown that when a grid is connected to a smart home, 10–30% of the
energy can be saved via a DR mechanism alone [21]. The growing power of communication
technologies and the declining cost of computing is helping in embedding more intelligence
into the grid and shaping the energy landscape and energy consumption patterns. High-speed
communication technologies make the grid a dynamic and interactive infrastructure for real-
time information and energy exchange. In future, the network technology is going to play a
bigger consolidation roll making the grid robust and secure. Dynamic pricing schemes, offered
by the utilities, prevent system overloading during peak periods and motivate the customer to
reduce energy consumption. Research has shown that when consumers know exactly how
much energy is consumed; they are likely to take appropriate measures to reduce energy use
[22]. A wide range of publicly-funded projects, across the EU, are designed to engage
consumers in this vision [23]. These smart grid projects are likely to boost innovations, reduce
transmission losses and energy costs, and create more jobs. Ontario launched “Smart Grid
Fund” in 2011 to support innovation in Ontario's energy sector. Results indicated that the
investment has helped in improving grid efficiency, delivery of electricity, reducing costs and
created over 100 high-tech clean jobs across the province.
2.3. Energy Storage
With the concept of smart homes gaining a foothold, new possibilities of saving energy are
emerging with the use of efficient and intelligent energy storage systems. Storing large volumes
of electric power locally is critical for rapid deployment of intermittent energy sources and
optimizing the balance between power supply and demand. The use of local energy storages
ensures the buildings to realize the concept of nearly zero energy buildings and reliability of
power during potential disruptions, and sessional variations in supply and demand. Improved
energy storage systems do not take large space and help individuals gain greater control over
their energy costs. The next generation energy storages will be built around optimizing energy
consumption and maximizing the value for customers. Such systems will be capable of
rescheduling air conditioning or heating appliances or turn them down when electricity
prices are high or even charge an electric vehicle when energy prices are low.
At present, Lithium Ion (Li-ion) battery is the only dominant storage device for both
domestic and electric utilities. Recent years however have seen new and efficient energy
storage systems that offer uninterrupted power supply over a wide range of temperature
variations. For example, a battery that utilizes liquid/molten salts as electrolyte and electrodes
as well has been produced by MIT [24] and may soon replace Li-ion batteries in the near future.
With significant technological improvements, it is now possible to build low-cost energy
storage systems of smaller sizes offering high efficiency and minimal environmental impact.
The US electric vehicle maker Tesla offers a low-priced battery solution, called “Tesla
Powerwall 2” for domestic use. The product (Figure 2) comprising of a 13.5 kWh lithium-ion
battery pack, liquid thermal control system, an integrated inverter, and software envisages a
world where people have solar panels that provide more energy than their house needs [25].
The LG Electronics has also entered the fast-growing residential energy storage business
offering smart energy storage solutions (Figure 3) for smart homes [26].
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2.4. Smart Energy Management System
Smart Energy Management System (SEMS) is a state-of-the-art computer-aided tool to
monitor, control and optimize energy operations in buildings and electric utilities [27]. These
systems are becoming increasingly popular as they provide higher security, comfort, and
energy conservation through intelligent energy management [28]. A typical energy SEMS for
buildings includes a Home Area Network (HAN), Energy Management System (EMS), In-
Home Display (IHD), and embedded sensors all connected by a network [29]. Much like local
area network, HAN integrates the electric devices and facilitates device-to-device
communication. Both wireless and wired networks have been developed for this purpose [30].
Low-powered (battery-operated) networks, ZigBee and Z-Wave represent the popular choice
as they consume a fraction of the power required by wifi networks. The EMS offers an
intelligent platform to collect energy consumption profile of connected appliances; compute
the cost of energy consumed and process the data to optimize and control the operations. To
allow users to track energy use, useful information such as daily or monthly energy
consumption, dynamic pricing, the status of appliances, etc. are displayed through IHD.
Automation companies are currently developing their own systems to allows the consumer to
monitor, control and optimize their energy usage at the personal level. Apple has already
launched a product known as Home Kit for home automation. The device connects Apple
certified home products and allows the users to control them with their voice or via Siri [31].
Figure 2 A Tesla home battery installed in a house in Wales. Adapted from Gareth Phillips for the
Guardian
Figure 3 LG’s energy storage systems and expandable battery pack
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A number of energy management systems are now available in the market. However, their
deployment is closely tied up with systems’ cost and energy savings. The research conducted
by Louis et al. [32] points out that management system components to consume energy and
contribute to negative environmental impacts. In fact, the application of SEMS needs to be
considered carefully. Larger households stand a better chance of saving energy as compared to
smaller ones where the size of household is too small. The observations made by Louis et al.,
may lead to further improvements, but will not reduce or stop the deployment of these systems
in the near future. Cylon Active Energy [33], offers a cloud-based real-time energy
management solution which can be adapted for any type of building big or small. The system
provides a real-time (every 15 min) information of the energy usage which significantly
reduces clients' overall energy consumption and cut costs up to 25%. Similarly, the control
system offered by Siemens SyncoTM is simple and can be conveniently used for small and
medium-size multipurpose building architectures, such as shops, offices, and apartments [34].
The study conducted by Louis et.al. [35], further shows that home automation can contribute
to the reduction in energy consumption by 12% in an average Finnish household. Ageing
power infrastructure has led US [36] to deploy SEMS on a large scale. Despite longer payback
periods, smaller upfront costs and long lifespan are pushing their rapid deployment.
3. SMART BUILDING ARCHITECTURES
Most countries in the world have a good stock of old and historic buildings which are highly
energy intensive and adhere to outdated standards. A study conducted by the Building
Performance Institute Europe (BPIE) shows that a staggering 97% of European buildings are
energy-inefficient. Even if all new buildings were to be built as net-zero energy (structures
that produce the amount of energy they consume) from today on, it would take decades to have
an appreciable effect on overall energy consumption [37]. In addition, the building sector is
growing at an unprecedented rate and consume about 40% of global energy for lighting,
cooking, heating, cooling, ventilation, and operating electric and mechanical devices [38].
Every week, the world is expected to add an equivalent of Paris to the planet, in the form of
new constructions over the next 40 years [39]. Therefore, sustainable smart architectures which
produce minimum carbon footprint and offer higher comforts, higher rentals, and resale values
have become a global priority.
Around the world, a number of building regulations are enforced to reduced energy
consumption in built environments in the framework of climate change. The energy
performance of buildings directive (2010/31/EU [40]), promulgated by the European
Commission (EC), require all new constructions in EU to become nearly zero energy buildings
(nZEBs). The Welsh school of architecture at Cardiff University has built a smart energy
positive building which produces more energy than it consumes at an affordable cost [41]. The
building, shown in Figure 4, integrate solar generation and battery storage to power all its all
electrical appliances.
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Figure 4 A zero-energy building at Cardiff University. Adapted from [41]
Smart architectures are automated intelligent buildings that allow their devices and
environments to be controlled either locally or remotely via the internet. Smart management
solutions are used to automate and optimize the building operations. Smart architectures can
be easily integrated into the grid for sharing of information. These functions not only make
buildings energy efficient but also allow itself to adapt to certain situations to enhance the
occupants’ convenience and comfort. According to the McGraw Hill Construction
SmartMarket Report, intelligent buildings consume 20% to 40% less energy that results in 8%
to 9% lower operating expenses and 7.5% higher valuations. Furthermore, the use of ICT and
IoT help reduce energy consumption via better management of devices, remote maintenance,
and accurate and timely prediction of weather. Smart buildings can also adjust lighting and
temperature controls automatically depending upon the weather conditions. A smart home
connected to the smart grid, adopting smart energy technologies and appliances, developed by
Global energy management company “Schneider Electric”, is shown in Figure 5.
New constructions represent the best opportunity, but such opportunities are obviously
limited. Rather than demolishing and rebuilding, retrofitting can be the most environmentally
efficient and cost-effective way to achieve smart architectures [42]. The markets for smart
home retrofits and upgrades, such as solid-state lighting, smart energy management solutions,
and smart materials are on the rise. A number of companies are offering building efficiency
and sustainability improvement programs appropriate to users’/organization’s requirements.
However, options need to be exercised carefully to achieve better results. By investing only in
a few options, significant energy savings can be achieved. A large number of existing
residential and commercial buildings in many countries are undergoing selective energy
retrofits or upgrades [43]. The Empire State Building, the tallest LEED-certified building in
New York, is one such finest example, where energy reduction to the tune of 38% was achieved
by pursuing only eight energy retrofit options [44].
Figure 5 Smart Home Solution by Schneider Electric
4. CONCLUSION
This paper presents a review of technologies that can reduce energy consumption in built
environments to meet the challenges of global warming. It has been demonstrated that the
development of smart architectures and the use of smart energy technologies together would
significantly help to achieve this goal. Such an integrated approach is crucial to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint in built environments. The benefits range from
9. Smart Energy Technologies and Building Architecture: An Overview
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energy savings to productivity gains to sustainability. Smart metering technology provides the
users and utility providers valuable information regarding energy consumption and energy
consumption patterns. The information is used for load planning, demand management, detect
device failure, connect, and even disconnect power. There is good evidence of the effectiveness
of smart feedback methods in curbing energy use. Empirical studies indicate that reductions in
energy consumption vary from 3% to 20%.
The smart grid offers a promising tool for improving the efficiency and reliability of energy
supply. It helps the management to control utility operations, reduce transmission losses and
downtime in case of blackouts and provides better services by effectively addressing
emergencies like tornadoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis. Because of its two-way interactive
capacity, the smart grid allows for automatic rerouting in case equipment fails or outages occur.
Integration of power produced through renewable energy sources helps in load balancing and
peak shavings. Results indicate that smart grid projects boost innovation, reduce energy costs
and losses, and create clean jobs.
Energy storage facilitates a balance between power supply and demand. The use of local
energy storage systems powers the household during the potential disruptions, peak demand
and ensure the realization of nearly zero energy buildings. Improved energy storage systems
help individuals gain greater control over their energy costs and provide uninterrupted power
supply over a wide range of environmental conditions. Storage systems possessing higher
efficiency and negligible environmental impact are now available for both household and grid-
scale applications.
Smart energy management systems have become essential, in view of grof greatery,
comfort, and increasing use of energy appliances in smart homes. To help users to manage their
consumption and have greater control over their costs, these systems offer a formidable
solution. Successful implementation of all these technologies requires secure communication
systems to transmit a voluminous stream of data accurately. Currently, ICT and IoT
technologies are being used for this purpose and are playing a crucial role in the transition of
conventional buildings to smart architectures to realize the intelligent and interactive use of
electricity.
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