The document discusses the role of energy efficiency in smart and sustainable development in India. It makes three key points: 1) Energy efficiency and conservation are essential for India's smart growth and development given its increasing energy demands and imports but also to reduce pollution and meet climate targets. Significant potential exists for energy savings across sectors like industry, buildings, transportation, and agriculture. 2) The Government of India has implemented several initiatives to promote energy efficiency such as building codes, performance standards, audits, awards, and renewable energy targets. However, challenges remain in meeting energy needs while balancing environmental and economic factors. 3) Transitioning to sustainable energy sources like solar, wind, biomass and increasing renewable capacities will be

1. ROLE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN SMART AND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
UshaBatra,AdditionalDG, WR-I, CPWD,Mumbai

2. ENERGY IS LIFE
WE MUST CONSERVE IT
2

3. SMART GROWTH/ DEVELOPMENT
Smart Growth or development is a theory of
land development that accepts that growth
and development will continue to occur, and
so seeks to direct it in an intentional,
comprehensive way.
Its proponents include urban planners,
architects, developers, community activists,
and historic preservationists.
The biggest question it poses is ……..how
and where should new development be
accommodated ?
3

4. SMART GROWTH/ DEVELOPMENT
• Smart growth is a development that serves the economy,
the community, and the environment.
• Smart growth means
– Developing sustainable communities that provide a
greater range of transportation and housing choices .
– Redeveloping underutilized sites and conserving farm
land .
– Concentrating growth in compact walk able urban
centres to avoid sprawl, thereby saving on services,
reducing pollution & providing better health.
– Equitable distribution of costs and benefits of
development.
– Preserving and enhancing natural and cultural resources
and promote public health.
4

5. APPROACH TO SMART GROWTH/
DEVELOPMENT
Smart growth can be achieved by
• Mix land use and compact building designs.
• Increasing housing density along transit nodes.
• Restrictions or limitations on suburban design forms
(e.g., detached houses on individual lots, strip malls and
surface parking lots) supporting existing communities.
• Enhancing economic competitiveness.
• Providing more transportation choices.
• Promoting equitable and affordable housing by
redefining housing affordability and making the
development process transparent.
• Encouraging community and stakeholder collaboration in
development decisions 5

6. CRITICISM OF SMART GROWTH/
DEVELOPMENT
• The phrase "smart growth" implies that other
growth and development theories are not
"smart".
• Smart growth policies disfavour minorities /
people with average incomes and the poor
due to driven up housing prices.
• There is no evidence after ten years that
smart-growth have had any effect on
development patterns.
• “Smart growth" is mostly an illusion.
6

7. ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• Energy is the most essential factor for sustainable
development and poverty eradication.
• India has 306.2 million people without electricity, and 705
million people who rely on wood and biomass for cooking.
• 4.3 million people are dying prematurely ( mostly women
and children) every year due to indoor pollution resulting
from cooking and heating using unsustainable fuels.
The challenge lies in
finding ways to reconcile the necessity and demand for
modern and sustainable energy services.
their impact on the environment and the global natural
resources.
7

8. India accounts for around 4.1 percent of global greenhouse
gas emissions
india has ratified paris climate deal on 2.10.16 -- 62nd country
8

9. ENERGY scenario in india
• India’s Imports of oil and coal have been increasing at
the rate of 7% and 16% per annum respectively in the
last decade.
• By the end of 2030, 250 million new urbanites are
expected to join Indian cities.
• The electrical energy demand will reach about 500 GW
by 2030 with an installed capacity requirement of 800 -
900GW.
• Global CO2 emission is growing at 1.3% per year.
• To reduce the dependency on imported energy sources.
Need to switch over to other non polluting sources of
electricity generation as human habitat needs energy
and resources to survive and sustain its living standard.
9

10. 24x7 POWER FOR ALL
is a Joint initiative of
Government of India (GoI) and
State Governments/Union
Territories (UTs) with the
objective to ensure availability
of 24x7 power supply to all
households, industries,
commercial businesses, public
needs & any other electricity
consuming entities and
adequate supply to agriculture
consumers as per the their
policies by FY 2018-19.
10

11. 11

12. SOURCEWISE ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN
INDIAIN 2012
INDIA IS MAINLY
DEPENDENT ON COAL
IMPORT WILL REACH
22.4% BY 2017
12

13. SECTORWISE consumption OF ENERGY
as on 2012
MAXIMUM SAVING/CONSERVATION POSSIBLE IN INDUSTRY,
FOLLOWED BY BUILDING (RESIDENTIAL = COMMERCIAL)
13

14. Energy Savings in Industries
Sector
Energy Saving
(lakh toe1)
Thermal Power Plants 32.11
Iron & Steel 14.86
Cement 8.16
Fertilizer 4.78
Aluminium 4.56
Pulp & Paper 1.19
Textile 0.66
Chlor-Alkali 0.54
66.86
Thermal power plants form 50% share in PAT.
Power plants older than 30 years having very low efficiency need to be
replaced gradually with energy efficient ones .
% Saving Targets envisaged under PAT
The total energy saving target envisaged from all the PAT industries
under PAT cycle 1 (2015), is 66.86 lakh toe.
1 toe = 11630 kWh
14

15. Energy consumption in buildingsector
• Residential and commercial buildings account for almost 29% of
total electricity consumption.
• Planning and Construction of Energy efficient buildings and
carrying out major retrofits could save 2988 MW of generation
capacity from 2010 to 2030.
• This can further be complemented by constructing net zero
buildings and making best use of renewable resources like sun
and wind.
It will further add to;
– Local employment
– Capacity building and skill up gradation
– Export potential
– Industrial growth
– Health improvement
15

16. Consumption andpossible savings in residential sector
Fans consume 34% energy
Lighting consumes 28% energy.
Possible reduction
by Energy efficient fans 20-40%
by use of CFLs & LEDs 20-40%
16

17. Consumption and possible savings in commercial
sector
Possible reduction
HVAC - 20-60%
Lighting - 20-50%,
Electronic & others -
20-70%.
Consumption
17

18. ENERGY SAVINGS FOR BUILDINGS
• Reducing heating demand
– Heating demand can be reduced by limiting the exposed surface
area of the building, improving the insulation of the building’s
envelope, reducing ventilation losses by selecting efficient heating
systems with effective controls.
• Reducing cooling demand
– Energy use in typical air-conditioned office buildings is
approximately twice of naturally ventilated office buildings. Cooling
demand can be reduced by controlling solar gains through glazing,
reducing internal heat gains, setting AC thermostat at 25-26oC
instead of 23-24oC, making use of thermal mass and night
ventilation, reducing lighting loads and installing effective lighting
controls.
• Reducing the energy requirements for ventilation
– The main use of energy for both mechanical cooling and for air
conditioning is the fans needed to circulate the air which can be
reduced by designing the system to reduce pressure drops,
selecting efficient fans, utilizing variable speed fans to respond to
varying load requirements, avoiding excessive air supply volumes,
etc. 19

19. ENERGY SAVINGS FOR BUILDINGS
• Reducing energy use for lighting
– This can be accomplished through making maximum
use of daylight while avoiding excessive solar heat gain,
using task lighting ,installing energy-efficient luminaries,
selecting lamps with a high luminous efficacy, providing
effective controls like occupancy sensors.
• Reducing energy used for heating water
– This can be achieved by installing time controls, and
setting them to correctly reflect the hours of hot water
requirement, replacing any damaged or missing
insulation from hot water pipes and cylinders and by
solar water heating.
20

20. Energy saving in some of the green buildings in
India
21

21. Possible savings in Other sectors
• Up to 30% energy saving can be achieved by adopting smart street
light controls alone. Considering 50% saving potential in street lights,
300 crore units of electricity can be saved per annum bringing saving
worth Rs. 6,000 crore per annum.
Similarly savings envisaged per annum
– in transportation sector, Rs. 53,600 crore,
– in power transmission & distribution, Rs. 35,000-40,000crore,
– in agriculture pumps, Rs. 16,500crore,
– in SME, Rs. 15,900crore
– in sugar industry, saving worth Rs. 6,750 crore.
– in ceramic industries, Rs. 714crore,
– in coal mining, Rs. 300crore,
• Net saving envisaged in Indian railway sector is 0.34 million toe and
2.07 billion kWh.
22

22. Energy Efficiency
Investment Potential
over 5 years
Rs.2,68,000crore
in transportation
sector
transmission and
distribution sector
Rs,2,00,000crore.
Building sector i.e.
Commercial &
residential sectors
Rs. 1,09,000crore 23

23. Measures for energy savings
• Mandatory waste heat recovery system (WHRS) in industries like
steel & iron sector, thermal power plant, cement industry, sugar
industry, and various SMEs.
• Use of energy efficient appliances/machinery in all the sectors.
• Adopting energy efficient lighting system in residential, commercial
and industrial sectors.
• Promotion & Use of energy efficient & environmental friendly
electrical / hybrid vehicles .
• Making energy audit mandatory in all the industrial, commercial and
other sectors.
• Carry out capacity building and training programmes regarding
energy efficiency for different corporate sectors/industries.
• Promoting greater awareness for energy conservation and energy
efficiency by including them in education curriculum, both at school
and college levels.
• Ensure compliance of various energy efficiency policies and
regulation through various national and state level certification
agencies.
24

24. EXPECTED SAVINGS FROM ENERGY MEASURES
It is expected that with the proposed
energy saving measures, about 246
billion units of electricity, 88 million
tonnes of coal and 12 billion litres of
oil can be saved per annum.
This will also help in reducing CO2
emissions.
25

25. initiatives by govt. of India
• GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment)
• Indian Green building Council (IGBC) provides green Building
rating system,
• Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) 2007 provides design
norms for Building envelope, including thermal performance
requirements for walls, roofs, and windows, Lighting system ,HVAC
system, Electrical system .
ECBC-compliant bldgs. use 40 to 60% less energy than conventional
buildings.
• BEE ; Star Rating of various equipments from 1 to 5.
• PAT i.e. Perform Achieve and Trade mechanism to enhance cost
effectiveness of improvements in energy efficiency in energy
intensive large industries .
• RAILSAVER to improve energy efficiency in Indian Railways to
save energy up to 15% by the year 2020, through improved energy
efficiency measures. 26

26. Government of India is contemplating on increasing the
investment in R&D from 1% to 2%of GDP
It should be spent on
Economizing and fine tuning of inventions already made
rather than new inventions
27

27. INITIATIVES BY states of india
• Many states are mandating / promoting use of ECBC and energy
efficient building design in government buildings in new construction
as well as for retrofitting.
• Use of energy efficient fittings & star rated products, solar lanterns,
solar water heaters, roof top solar PV and net metering.
• Obtaining ratings of government buildings.
• Compulsory energy audit for industries, commercial buildings and non
domestic high rise buildings every 3 years.
• Industries with load of 2000kva & more, to produce 5% using
renewable energy.
• Energy conservation awards.
• Awareness about energy conservation through multiplex halls and
including the topic in school curriculum.
• Replacement of old / in-efficient equipments.
• Charging green cess from polluting industries.
• Promotion of non conventional energy i.e. solar, wind and bio-mass.
28

28. • Canada; Enforcement of regulations for minimum energy performance
levels, and labeling of energy-using products.
• Japan; In housing sector, all buildings with 300 sq.m. of floor space or
more need to adopt energy conservation measures.
– Energy consumption in industrial sector, to be reduced by minimum
1% per year.
– all newly constructed public buildings to be ‘Zero Energy Building’.
• Great Britain; every home to have a smart energy meter in 2019 and all
new non-domestic buildings to be zero carbon from 2019
• Germany; has initiated Labeling for cars, products and buildings.
• Italy; At least 50% of primary energy consumption for water heating to
be obtained from renewable energy .
• France; All new buildings after 1st January 2013 to have energy
consumption below a threshold of 50 kWh/m2/year .
– 20% reduction of CO2 emissions by 2020 .
– Incentives to consumer for ultra-low emission vehicles .
– Two million electric and hybrid cars by 2020.
• China; Shut down of Inefficient power plants and their replacement
with state of the art facilities.
INITIATIVES BY other countries
29

29. RENEWABLE ENERGY INSTALLED CAPACITY IN
INDIA AS ON 2014
• India is on 5th number in wind - 22.6 GW
• 11th in solar -3.3GW capacity.
Source wise renewable capacity is given in table below.
30

30. SOLAR PV POTENTIAL
• Limitless
• Clean
• Everywhere
• Free
Not even one
percent of India’s
total solar energy
potential has been
harvested till date,
Confederation of
Indian Industry (CII)
has
revealed. National
Institute of Solar
Energy has
estimated India's
solar power
potential as 749
GW.
31

31. SOLAR ROOFTOP
Solar energy from an
energy security
perspective is the most
secure of all sources since
it is abundantly available.
Theoretically, a small
fraction of the total incident
solar energy, if captured
effectively, can meet the
entire country’s power
requirements.Presently,
360 MW of solar rooftop
projects have been
sanctioned by MNRE and
49.677 MW have been
commissioned.
32

32. WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL IN INDIA
• Centre for Wind Energy Technology has reassessed India’s on
shore wind power potential as 103 GW (at 80 metres height
and 2% land availability). India has significant off shore wind
power potential - Offshore wind potential of Tamil Nadu
estimated as 127 GW at 80 m height in a WISE study .It is one
of the most environment friendly, clean and safe energy
resources. It has the lowest gestation period as compared to
conventional energy. Operating costs and maintenance costs are
low.
33

33. BIOMASS ENERGY POTENTIAL IN INDIA
It has a potential of 19,500 MW (3,500 MW from
bagasse based cogeneration and 16,000 MW from
surplus biomass). Currently, India has 537 MW
commissioned and 536 MW generation plants under
construction.
34

34. HYDRO ENERGY POTENTIAL IN INDIA
• India ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro-potential
on global scale.
• India’s economically exploitable and viable hydro
potential is about 148,701 MW.
• In addition, 6,780 MW from small, mini, and micro
Hydel schemes (<25 MW) have been assessed.
• 56 sites for pumped storage schemes with an
aggregate installed capacity of 94,000 MW have been
identified.
35

35. RENEWABLE ENERGY INITIATIVEs BY CPWD
• All buildings have to be minimum 3 star
GRIHA rated with solar rooftop panels and
energy efficient fittings.
• Construction of Net zero energy buildings.
• Installations of solar roof top PV in all
existing major buildings.
36

36. Solar power in transport sector
The plane uses so little energy that
with the energy we collect during the
day from the sun, we can fly through
the night,"
The solar-panel powered train has six
coaches, with each coach fitted with
twelve solar panels.
37

37. WORLD'S FIRST AIRPORT,
COMPLETELY OPERATES ON
SOLARPOWER
• Cochin International airport is the
country's first airport in the world
that completely operates on solar
power.
• Hon.Chief Minister Mr.Oommen
Chandy inaugurated the 12 MWp
solar power plant, on 18th August
2015, comprising of 46,150 solar
panels laid across 45 acres near
cargo complex.
• Plant is producing 50,000 to
60,000 units of electricity per day
against Consumption of around
48,000 units.
• This plant will produce 18 million
units of power from ‘ sun ‘
annually-the power equivalent to
feed 10,000 homes for one year.
• Over the next 25 years, this green
power project will avoid carbon
dioxide emissions by more than 3
lakh metric tons, which is
equivalent to planting 3 million
trees or not driving 750 miles. 38

38. SMART DEVELOPMENT AND ENERGY
• Energy is the basic requirement for smart development.
• Smart development will require 24x7 electric supply and
thus availability of clean energy will be the basic
requirement.
• India has high potential of clean energy and thus
emphasis will have to be given on its generation through
various sources.
• It’s use will also help in reduction of CO2 emissions and
climate change.
• It is essential that integrated policies are adopted in
generation and consumption of energy. Government of
India has already announced various policies in this
regard.
• Excess energy when generated can be connected to
smart grids to make it available in all parts of the country
and even abroad.
39

39. Conclusions
• Energy efficiency is the easiest way to reduce the demand -
supply gap.
• There is huge scope for improving energy efficiency levels in
Indian industries, thermal power plants , household, agriculture,
and transport sector.
• Use of renewable energy sources, mandating net zero buildings
and single window clearance for energy efficiency projects can
convert the dream of smart & sustainable development into reality.
• Promoting awareness about energy conservation and energy
efficiency, mandating use of BEE standard energy efficient pumps
in agriculture sector, as well as shut down of power plants having
very low efficiency and gradually replacing them with energy
efficient ones is liable to contribute to good amount of energy
savings.
• Use of renewable energy potential and ultimately complete shift to
renewable is a must for smart & sustainable development.
40

40. THANK YOU
41

41. REFERENCES
• Mnre.gov.in
• Energy efficiency opportunities in India by
PowerGrid Corporation of India Limited.
• http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/library/ener
gytrends/currentusage/renewable/Renewable
-Energy-Potential-for-India.pdf
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_growth
• http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/scie
nce/indias-solar-energy-potential-still-under-one-
percent-study/
• http://money.cnn.com/2016/03/14/technology/i
ndia-cochin-solar-powered-airport/
• http://powermin.nic.in/en/content/power-all
42