History of Computer, History of Computing, Evolution of Computer, Generations of Computer, Past Present and Future of Computer, Abacus, Differential Engine, Analytical Engine
Tells you about the History of computers. The various time periods in which the different types of computers were made by decreasing the size of the components used in the computers and increasing the various features in it.
History of Computer, History of Computing, Evolution of Computer, Generations of Computer, Past Present and Future of Computer, Abacus, Differential Engine, Analytical Engine
Tells you about the History of computers. The various time periods in which the different types of computers were made by decreasing the size of the components used in the computers and increasing the various features in it.
Computer Applications and its use in Dentistry.pptxriturandad
Hospital information systems, data analysis in medicine/dentistry, dental imagining laboratory computing, computer aided medical/dental decision making, care of critically sick patients, computer-assisted therapy, and other applications are major uses of computers in dentistry
The history of computers dates back to the early 1800s with the invention of the mechanical calculator by Charles Babbage. However, it was not until the mid-1900s that computers began to resemble the modern electronic devices we know today.
The first electronic computer was ENIAC, developed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert in 1945. ENIAC was used by the U.S. Army during World War II for ballistic calculations. It was a massive machine, weighing 30 tons and taking up 1,800 square feet.
In the following years, other computers were developed, including UNIVAC, the first commercial computer, and IBM 650, which was the first mass-produced computer. These machines were large, expensive, and mainly used by businesses and governments.
The 1960s saw the development of mainframe computers, which were even more powerful and capable of processing large amounts of data. IBM dominated the mainframe market during this time.
The 1970s saw the emergence of mini-computers, which were smaller and less expensive than mainframes. This made them accessible to smaller businesses and institutions. The invention of the microprocessor in 1971 by Intel paved the way for the development of personal computers.
In 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple Computers, and released the Apple I, the first personal computer. In 1981, IBM released the IBM PC, which set the standard for personal computers and helped to popularize them.
The 1990s saw the widespread use of personal computers, and the development of the World Wide Web. This opened up a new era of communication and information sharing.
In the 2000s, there was a shift towards mobile computing, with the development of smartphones and tablets. These devices have become an essential part of everyday life, allowing people to access information and communicate from anywhere at any time.
Today, computers are everywhere, from personal devices to powerful supercomputers used in scientific research. They have revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate, and continue to evolve and advance at an unprecedented pace.
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Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
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Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Halogenation process of chemical process industries
history of computer
1. History of Computer
Introduction to Computer(Lab) 27-01-16
1
The word Computer derivedfrom “Compute” meansto calculate. Computer is
an electronic device used to solve variousproblem accordingto given set of
instructions. A computer can accept data, processdata into usefulinformation
and store it for later use.
Computer isinvented because the “necessity is the mother of invention”. Man
alwayssearched for a fast calculating device. It took to a long time to invent
the digital computer. A brief history behind the invention of computer is as
follow:
The first computingdevice was
ABACUS. It was developed in 600 B.C. itwas
used to perform simpleaddition and
subtraction. It consist of wooden beads. The
beads could be moveeasily. Calculation were
performed by movingthese beads properly.
Another manualcalculating device
was John Napier’s bone. It was a cardboard
2. History of Computer
Introduction to Computer(Lab) 27-01-16
2
multiplication calculator. It was designed in the early 17th century.
The first mechanical adding
machine was invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642.
It could only add and subract numbers. Division
and multiplication was doneby repeated
addition and subtraction.
A French engineer Josephdeveloped punched
board system for power looms. It was used to create specific weavingpattern
on clothes. Later on, it wasused in computingdevices.
In 1822, amathematician Charles Babbage
invented a “ DifferenceEngine” for mathematical calculations. In 1842, he
developed AnalyticalEnginethat was
automatic. This enginecould perform 60
addition per minute.
3. History of Computer
Introduction to Computer(Lab) 27-01-16
3
The developmentof
electronic computerscan be divided into differentgenerations depending
upon the technology used. The differentgenerations are as follow:
The first
generation computer” UNIVAC” was
developed by two scientists MAUCHLY and
ECHERTin 1947. They werebased on
vacuum tubes. These computerswereused
during1946-1957.
The 2nd
generation computersused transistors. The
transistor was developed by BELL
LABORATORIES. These computerswereused
during1958-1963. Theexampleare IBM
1400 series.
4. History of Computer
Introduction to Computer(Lab) 27-01-16
4
The third
generation computersused Integrated Circuits.
It was invented firstly and used in 1961. These
computerswereused during1964-1970.
Exampleare UNIVAC 9000.
These computersused microprocessors.
Ted Hoff produced thefirst
microprocessor. These computerswere
used during1971 and present. Example
are AppleMacintosh.
Scientists are now working
on the fifth generation of computersusing recent engineeringadvances. It is
based on the technique of Artificial Intelligence(AI). Computerscan
understand thespoken wordsand instructions. The ability to translate a
foreign language is also moderately possiblewith fifth generation computers.
Scientists are workingto increase the speed of computers. They are tryingto
create a computer with real IQ.
5. History of Computer
Introduction to Computer(Lab) 27-01-16
5
The following
companiesare involved in the developmentof Computer:
ALAN TURNING:
Madeseveralfoundingcontributesto computer science
including the Turingmachines computationalmodeland designed of the high
speed ACE design.
IBM:
It was the most famouscompany in the computer
history. IBM used integrated circuits and developed modern computers.
Many others company areinvolved namesare Cuthbert Hord
NiklausWirth etc
The
physical parts of computer are called hardware. These
can be touch or seen by us.
Differenthardwarecomponentsof
computer system are as follow:
1. Input Devices such as keyboard, mouse and joystick
2. The centralprocessing unit (CPU)
6. History of Computer
Introduction to Computer(Lab) 27-01-16
6
3. Output devicessuch as printer, monitor etc.
4.Storagedevicessuch as disk drive, hard drive etc.
5. Memorychipssuch as RAM, ROM etc
A set of instructions
given to computer to solve a problem is called Software.
Types of Software:
The main typesof softwareare:
System Software:
The type of softwareto control and manage the actual operationsof a
computer hardware. For e.g operatingsystem, windows. It controlsthe
basic operationsas follow:
Saving data on disk
Makingcomputer for us
Printinga documentetc
Application Software:
It is used to perform variousapplicationson computer. It helps
the computer user to perform specifictasks. Peoplesuse application software
according to their needs. It is also known asapplication Package. For example
Microsoftoffice, adobe etc.
Computer hasmadea very vital impact on our
society. It has changed the way of life. Peopleuse the computer for different
7. History of Computer
Introduction to Computer(Lab) 27-01-16
7
tasks easily. It used in homes, offices, schools, colleges and universities. Many
organizationsare using computer for keepingthe record of their customers.
Banksare usingcomputersfor maintain the accountsand managing financial
transactions. Peopleare usingcomputersfor payingtheir bills. Computersare
can be used in education field to improveteaching and learning process.
Moreover, the computer is being used in every field of life such as medical,
business, industry, airlineand weather forecasting.
Computershavea great effect on the way we live our lives today. From
writing documentsto banking, computersareintegrating themselves into our
daily tasks moreand moreevery day. There are severalimportantaspects of
the computer age, includingthe internet, bankingand communications.
The internet is the fastest growingeconomy in
the world, mostly because of its ease of use, and its vast audience. Computers
have some negative effect on our lives. For exampleunemploymentincreases,
wastage of time and energy, data security and computer crime.
There is active research to make computersoutof many
promisingnew typesof technology, such as optical computers, DNA
computers, neuralcomputers, and quantum computers. Mostcomputersare
universal, and areable to calculate any computablefunction, and are limited
only by their memory capacity and operatingspeed. However different
designsof computerscan give very differentperformancefor particular
problems; for example quantum computerscan potentially break some
modern encryption algorithms(by quantum factoring)very quickly.
8. History of Computer
Introduction to Computer(Lab) 27-01-16
8
Sr.
No
Names Technology
used
Year Scientists
involved
Examples
1 Abacus Beads 600 B.C Cranmer
Abacus
Abacus
2 John
Napier’s
Bone
cardboard 17th
Century
John Napier Multiplication
Calculator
3 1st
Generation
Vacuum Tube 1942-
1955
Mauchly and
Echert
ENIVAC,
UNIVAC-I
4 2nd
Generation
Transistor 1955-
1964
Bell
Laboratories
IBM 7094, IBM 1400
Series
5 3rd
Generation
Integrated
Circuit
1964-
1971
Jack Kilby UNIVAC 9000
IBM/360
9. History of Computer
Introduction to Computer(Lab) 27-01-16
9
6 4th
Generation
Microprocessor 1971-
Present
Ted Hoff AppleMacintosh, IBM PC
7 5th
Generation
Artificial
Intelligence
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