Viruses, worms, and Trojan horses are types of computer security risks that can negatively impact computers. Viruses copy themselves and spread throughout networks, using resources and potentially shutting down systems. Worms similarly spread automatically but do not need to be attached to other programs. Trojan horses disguise themselves as legitimate programs but carry hidden functions that activate under certain conditions. Antivirus software helps protect computers by identifying and removing viruses, but needs regular updates to recognize new threats.