The document traces the evolution of computing devices, beginning with early counting tools like fingers and pebbles. It describes the abacus, the first known mechanical computing device, as well as Napier's bones and devices created by Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz to perform mathematical calculations. The document outlines key inventions like Joseph Marie Jacquard's use of punch cards to program textile looms and Charles Babbage's designs for early mechanical general-purpose computers. It also mentions Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine and the creation of the ABC computer by John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry, which used several principles found in modern computers.

1. COMPUTER EVOLUTION

2. DIGIT
• A Latin word which refers to a finger or toe that indicates a
numerical quantity.
• This is first tools used for counting were man’s own finger.

3. Calculate
• It was derived from the Latin word “Calculus” which means
Pebble.

4. Abacus
• This first known mechanical computing device invented by man.
• The use of the word “ abacus dates back before 1387 when a
middle English work borrowed the word from Latin to describe a
sand board abacus.
• The Latin word came from “abakos” the Greek form of “abax” or
Calculating-table.

5. Napier’s bones
• This was the succeeding computing device after the Abacus
• It was developed in the year 1614 by a Scottish mathematician
named JOHN NAPIER
• It is a computing device used for multiplication and division of
large numbers through the use of a foldable tube.

6. Blaise Pascal
• A French mathematician, invented a device to add and subtract
large numbers
• Pascaline

7. STEP RECKONER
• Is an improved Pascaline machine developed by Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz in 1671.
• This is a device made of copper and steel. It can multiply, divide,
add and subtract numbers.

8. JACQUARD’S LOOM
• Uses punch cards to program designs on fabrics and carpets,
making it easier to be woven.
• It was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1801.

9. CHARLES BABBAGE
• Designed the Difference Engine in 1822.
• It was a first attempt to make an automatic, mechanical
calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions.
• It can compute many useful sets of numbers, like both logarithmic
and trigonometric functions that can be approximated by
polynomials.

10. BABBAGE
• Continued to refine the mechanical general-purpose computer
which led to the origination of the Analytical Engine.
• It was described in 1837 but never completed.
• In its logical design, the machine was essentially modern,
anticipating the first completed general-purpose computer.

11. TABULATING MACHINE
• Was invented by an American invented by an American inventor,
Herman Hollerith.
• It was designed have a coding scheme and a mechanical tabulating
machine.
• This machine uses a punched card that can be electronically read
to process high volumes of data. Hollerith machine helped in
counting censuses in many countries.

12. 1939 and 1942
• John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry invented the first
electronic-digital computer.
• Called ABC ( Atanasoft –Berry Computer)
• Represented several improvement in computing, including binary
system of arithmetic, parallel processing, regenerative memory,
and separation of memory and computing function.