This document evaluates the thermal stability of machine tools and how it affects dimensional accuracy. It discusses three experiments conducted on a CNC machine tool to monitor how heating and cooling of the machine impacts measurement accuracy over time. The first experiment found significant deviation in measurements as the machine operated for hours, with the greatest deviation on the z-axis. The second experiment additionally monitored temperatures of key components like motors and spindles with sensors as the machine stabilized after being shut down. Maintaining thermal stability was determined to be important for achieving high dimensional accuracy in machine tools.
Disturbance Observer And Optimal Fuzzy Controllers Used In Controlling Force ...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Application of Reliability Analysis for Predicting Failures in Cement Industrytheijes
This research entails the use of reliability analysis for predicting failures of machines used in the cement industries and was done by evaluating machine down times data. This research work was necessitated by the need to accurately predict failures of the machines used in the cement industries and come up with an effective planning, for preventive maintenance schedule and reducing down times through developed mathematical model for the machines. The failure frequency variation with time was determined and a regression analysis using least squares methods. Correlation was done to ascertain the suitability of linear regression of the data and also to determine that, the independent variable is a good predictor of the dependent variable. The reliability model of the machines was achieved by applying the down times and the regression analysis result of the machines studied for a period of six years to the Weibull model. Two critical components of the machines were identified; contributing a total of 55 % of the down time. It was concluded that the critical components indicate the trend of failure of the machines. Therefore, reducing the failure rate of these components will increase the useful life of the machines and the obtained failure ratemodel, could be used as an important tool for predicting future failures and hence, effectively planning against such failures.
This document presents a study that develops a model to estimate machining surface finish based on measured vibration levels. Milling experiments were conducted varying cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Surface roughness and overall vibration levels were measured for each test. A curve fitting model was generated using the experimental data to correlate vibration to surface finish. The model was found to estimate surface roughness with 99.9% accuracy and low percentage error, providing a potential method for online surface finish estimation and process control using vibration monitoring.
Performance Monitoring of Vibration in Belt Conveyor SystemIJERA Editor
We are always using some kind of machines in our daily life starting from fan, refrigerator and washing machines at home. In case of industries of industrial machinery items condition monitoring is important to know onset impending defects. There are so many types of indicating phenomenon such as vibration, heat, debris in oil, noise and sounds which emanate from these in efficiently running machines. This paper presents the vibration related fault identification and maintenance of belt conveyor systems (BCS). After analyzing the spectrum and vibration readings, it was observed that a combination of parallel and angular misalignment between motor & gear box was present causing high axial and radial vibration. The defect was rectified by mechanical maintenance activities and latter the vibration was found reduced within limit. Also the vibration readings were taken after rectification. The above results are presented in this paper.
Condition monitoring of screw compressors and induction motors in a food proc...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on condition monitoring of screw compressors and induction motors in a food processing industry. Vibration measurements were taken of various machinery according to ISO 10816 standards. For one compressor, excessive vertical and axial vibrations were detected, indicating misalignment between the compressor and motor. The alignment was corrected, which brought the vibrations back within normal levels. The study concludes periodic vibration monitoring is important to detect potential failures early and avoid breakdowns. A continuous monitoring system could help detect issues more quickly.
The document provides a report on analyzing and optimizing the manufacturing system of a client company called KCP technologies Private Ltd. Key points:
- The company manufactures screw pump rotors in a batch production process using 3 CNC workstations.
- Cycle times for the two main products were recorded to calculate production rates. Motion studies were conducted to optimize workstation layouts and reduce travel times.
- The current number of workstations was found to be optimal. Modifications like rearranging tools saved an estimated 1 minute per part produced.
- Further analyses included machine cluster possibilities and quality assurance processes to improve the system.
The document provides a report on analyzing and optimizing the manufacturing system of a client company called KCP technologies Private Ltd. Key points:
- The company manufactures screw pump rotors in a batch production process using 3 CNC workstations.
- Cycle times for the two main products were recorded to calculate production rates. Motion studies were conducted to optimize workstation layouts and reduce travel times.
- The current number of workstations was found to be optimal. Modifications like rearranging tools saved an estimated 1 minute per part produced.
- Further analyses included machine cluster possibilities and quality assurance processes to improve the system.
This report analyzes and optimizes the manufacturing system of a client that produces screw pump rotors. Key points:
1) The factory currently has 3 CNC workstations and produces rotors in batch production. Cycle times were recorded to calculate production rates.
2) The optimum number of workstations was calculated to be 2.97, matching the current 3 workstations. Motion studies were conducted to reduce repositioning times.
3) Implementation of layout changes reduced average cycle times, increasing production rates. Machine clustering allowed one worker to manage multiple machines.
4) Cost analyses showed the optimized system with clustering lowered production costs per unit compared to the present situation. Further automation of material handling was recommended
Disturbance Observer And Optimal Fuzzy Controllers Used In Controlling Force ...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Application of Reliability Analysis for Predicting Failures in Cement Industrytheijes
This research entails the use of reliability analysis for predicting failures of machines used in the cement industries and was done by evaluating machine down times data. This research work was necessitated by the need to accurately predict failures of the machines used in the cement industries and come up with an effective planning, for preventive maintenance schedule and reducing down times through developed mathematical model for the machines. The failure frequency variation with time was determined and a regression analysis using least squares methods. Correlation was done to ascertain the suitability of linear regression of the data and also to determine that, the independent variable is a good predictor of the dependent variable. The reliability model of the machines was achieved by applying the down times and the regression analysis result of the machines studied for a period of six years to the Weibull model. Two critical components of the machines were identified; contributing a total of 55 % of the down time. It was concluded that the critical components indicate the trend of failure of the machines. Therefore, reducing the failure rate of these components will increase the useful life of the machines and the obtained failure ratemodel, could be used as an important tool for predicting future failures and hence, effectively planning against such failures.
This document presents a study that develops a model to estimate machining surface finish based on measured vibration levels. Milling experiments were conducted varying cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Surface roughness and overall vibration levels were measured for each test. A curve fitting model was generated using the experimental data to correlate vibration to surface finish. The model was found to estimate surface roughness with 99.9% accuracy and low percentage error, providing a potential method for online surface finish estimation and process control using vibration monitoring.
Performance Monitoring of Vibration in Belt Conveyor SystemIJERA Editor
We are always using some kind of machines in our daily life starting from fan, refrigerator and washing machines at home. In case of industries of industrial machinery items condition monitoring is important to know onset impending defects. There are so many types of indicating phenomenon such as vibration, heat, debris in oil, noise and sounds which emanate from these in efficiently running machines. This paper presents the vibration related fault identification and maintenance of belt conveyor systems (BCS). After analyzing the spectrum and vibration readings, it was observed that a combination of parallel and angular misalignment between motor & gear box was present causing high axial and radial vibration. The defect was rectified by mechanical maintenance activities and latter the vibration was found reduced within limit. Also the vibration readings were taken after rectification. The above results are presented in this paper.
Condition monitoring of screw compressors and induction motors in a food proc...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on condition monitoring of screw compressors and induction motors in a food processing industry. Vibration measurements were taken of various machinery according to ISO 10816 standards. For one compressor, excessive vertical and axial vibrations were detected, indicating misalignment between the compressor and motor. The alignment was corrected, which brought the vibrations back within normal levels. The study concludes periodic vibration monitoring is important to detect potential failures early and avoid breakdowns. A continuous monitoring system could help detect issues more quickly.
The document provides a report on analyzing and optimizing the manufacturing system of a client company called KCP technologies Private Ltd. Key points:
- The company manufactures screw pump rotors in a batch production process using 3 CNC workstations.
- Cycle times for the two main products were recorded to calculate production rates. Motion studies were conducted to optimize workstation layouts and reduce travel times.
- The current number of workstations was found to be optimal. Modifications like rearranging tools saved an estimated 1 minute per part produced.
- Further analyses included machine cluster possibilities and quality assurance processes to improve the system.
The document provides a report on analyzing and optimizing the manufacturing system of a client company called KCP technologies Private Ltd. Key points:
- The company manufactures screw pump rotors in a batch production process using 3 CNC workstations.
- Cycle times for the two main products were recorded to calculate production rates. Motion studies were conducted to optimize workstation layouts and reduce travel times.
- The current number of workstations was found to be optimal. Modifications like rearranging tools saved an estimated 1 minute per part produced.
- Further analyses included machine cluster possibilities and quality assurance processes to improve the system.
This report analyzes and optimizes the manufacturing system of a client that produces screw pump rotors. Key points:
1) The factory currently has 3 CNC workstations and produces rotors in batch production. Cycle times were recorded to calculate production rates.
2) The optimum number of workstations was calculated to be 2.97, matching the current 3 workstations. Motion studies were conducted to reduce repositioning times.
3) Implementation of layout changes reduced average cycle times, increasing production rates. Machine clustering allowed one worker to manage multiple machines.
4) Cost analyses showed the optimized system with clustering lowered production costs per unit compared to the present situation. Further automation of material handling was recommended
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes an article that describes automating a milling machine using an electro-pneumatic system. Milling is a common metal cutting process where a rotating cutting tool removes material. The article discusses automating the milling process using pneumatic devices like cylinders, valves, and sensors combined with electrical components like relays and switches. It provides an overview of milling machines and their components. It also discusses the general concepts of designing and developing pneumatic control systems, including functional diagrams, circuit diagrams, and documentation. Finally, it analyzes the costs of manual versus automated milling machines and their production times.
IRJET-Production of Hybrid Aluminium Matrix Composite with Welding Slag and F...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose tooling machine. The machine allows five operations - drilling, shaping, cutting, buffing, and grinding - to be performed simultaneously using a single machine. This is more efficient than separate machines for each operation as it saves space, time, and costs for industries. The machine uses a belt drive system connected to pulleys and bevel gears to transfer power from an electric motor to shafts that drive the various tools. A scotch yoke mechanism is also used to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion for shaping. The machine aims to improve productivity while reducing production costs for industries.
Study of Fabrication of Multipurpose Tooling MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose tooling machine. The machine allows five operations - drilling, shaping, cutting, buffing, and grinding - to be performed simultaneously using a single machine. This is more efficient than separate machines for each operation as it saves space, time, and costs for industries. The machine uses a belt drive system connected to pulleys and bevel gears to transfer power from an electric motor to shafts that drive the various tools. A scotch yoke mechanism is also used to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion for shaping. The machine aims to improve productivity while reducing production costs for industries.
Design procedure of an electrohydraulic driveeSAT Journals
Abstract Aerodynamicists use wind tunnel to test models as well as for proposed aircraft components and engines. In order to keep these models fixed in place for testing, ground based equipment is essential. Electrohydraulic drives form the back bone of such type of mechanism which requires continuous motion for life time operations with controlled motion for start stop and bi-directional motion mechanisms. Focus of this paper is on systematic approach for optimal designing of a typical electrohydraulic drive that will provide roll motion to the testing model with emphasis on reliability of the system. This paper further highlights the design, selection, testing and qualification procedures of different elements of the drive and the electrohydraulic drive assembly as a whole. Keywords - Design, Develop, Electrohydraulic roll drive, Spindle.
This document provides an overview of computer numeric control (CNC) lathe machines and their operation. It discusses CAD/CAM software integration and how it is used to create products. The document then explains CNC lathe machines in more detail, including their components like the central processing unit, driving system, feedback devices and display unit. It also discusses programming codes, motion control systems, and machine axes configurations.
J.R.K Murthy has over 40 years of experience providing FEM analysis consulting services to engineering industries. He has a M.Tech from IIT Kanpur and has worked at Central Manufacturing Technologies Institute leading their FEM, advanced technology, and CNC divisions. He has extensive experience conducting structural, vibration, CFD, and thermal analyses using FEM tools like ANSYS. Some of his major projects include analysis of antenna structures, machine tool components, pressure vessels, mixing machines, and more. He has published over 22 research papers and conducted secondments at universities in Manchester and Berlin.
Design of special purpose machine head to improve the production of engine blockIAEME Publication
This document discusses the design of a special purpose machine head to improve production of engine blocks. The machine is designed to mill locus clearances in engine blocks more efficiently than existing milling machines. It aims to reduce machining time and vibration during the milling process. The design of the machine head includes a hydraulic spindle that allows for angular motion to efficiently mill the locus pattern. The new special purpose machine is estimated to increase monthly production from 2,103 engine blocks to 6,792 blocks and lower machining costs, resulting in estimated annual savings of over 7 lakh rupees.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of an Indexing FixtureIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and analysis of an indexing fixture used to rotate a 6-cylinder truck engine block. The indexing fixture allows the engine block to be rotated through specific angles, improving safety, reducing time, and making the process easier compared to previous manual methods. Key components of the indexing fixture include a base to bear the engine block, left and right indexing plates, shafts, housings, and a motor providing 2.2 kW of power to rotate the fixture. Design calculations determined the maximum torque of 4254 Nm would occur at 90 degrees of rotation. The indexing fixture aims to improve ergonomics, ease of handling, safety, and reduce time compared to previous lifting and rotating of heavy engine blocks.
IRJET - Design Procedure and Impact of Fixed Type Automation for Billet LoadingIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a fixed automation system for loading billets into a furnace in a forging industry. The system uses a step feeder conveyor to gradually move billets from a hopper into the furnace over 6 steps in order to maintain the thermal cycle time of 6-7 seconds. The step feeder is designed to handle 1000 billets per loading over continuous operation. Materials and components were selected to withstand the continuous high load operation, including a motor sized to provide 407 N-m of torque. Implementation of the automated billet loading system improved productivity and cycle time consistency compared to the previous manual system while eliminating safety risks and inefficiencies of human labor.
IRJET- Design of Three Spindle Drilling, Spot facing Horizontal SPM for C...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a special purpose machine (SPM) that can perform drilling and spot facing operations on cylinder heads simultaneously. The SPM is designed to reduce production time and costs by replacing separate drilling and spot facing machines with a single machine. The key features of the SPM include:
1) A gear box that uses a combination drilling/spot facing tool to allow both operations to be performed at once.
2) A hydraulic system to control linear movement of the gear box and hold the workpiece.
3) A jig plate and renewable bush design to securely hold cylinder heads for machining.
The goals of the design are to increase productivity by reducing setup times and performing multiple
IRJET- Performance Enhancement of Cutting Tools by using Cryogenic TreatmentsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on improving the performance of micro cutting tools through cryogenic treatment. Cryogenic treatment involves submerging tools in liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide to enhance hardness. The study examines how cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide tools at different temperatures and soaking periods affects cutting forces and surface roughness when grinding titanium alloy at the micro-scale. Results show that deeper cryogenic treatment (-196°C) for longer durations (24 hours) leads to lower cutting forces, better surface finish, and increased tool life compared to untreated tools due to improved hardness from precipitation of eta carbide in the tool material. Therefore, cryogenic treatment is concluded to enhance the mechanical properties and performance of micro cutting tools.
This document discusses the manufacturing process of a toggle jack. It begins with an abstract and introduction. It then provides operation sheets for the various components of the jack including the lead screw, worm, and nut. Next, it describes the various manufacturing processes involved such as primary shaping, machining, surface finishing, and joining. It also discusses process planning for turning and thread cutting. It concludes with a section on cost estimation and provides conclusions on the benefits of electric toggle jacks.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
The document presents a case study on implementing Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) on a CNC table type boring and milling machine at a heavy machinery manufacturing industry. Initial OEE calculations found the machine's OEE to be 62%, below the world-class level of 85%. Suggestions were made to reduce changeover, break, and downtime, which improved the OEE to 75%. Further improvements could bring the OEE closer to the target world-class level.
The document presents a case study on implementing Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) on a CNC table type boring and milling machine at a heavy machinery manufacturing industry. Initial OEE calculations found the machine's OEE to be 62%, below the world-class level of 85%. Suggestions were made to reduce changeover, break, and downtime which improved OEE to 75%. Further improvements could bring OEE closer to the target world-class level.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Aluminum 7075 using Dry, Wet and MQL...IRJET Journal
The document experimentally investigates the effect of dry, wet, and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions on machining aluminum 7075 alloy. Surface roughness and temperature near the cutting zone were analyzed for each condition. MQL machining resulted in lower surface roughness and temperature compared to dry and wet machining. Gray relational analysis determined that for dry machining, a cutting speed of 10000 rpm, feed rate of 600 mm/min, and depth of cut of 0.25 mm provided the best performance across surface roughness and temperature.
Adaptive Control Machining systems, Introduction, Where to use adaptive control ?.Adaptive Control, Elements of an adaptive control machining system, Types of Adaptive controls, Benefits of AC
Development of Semi-Autonomous Sheet Bending MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the development of a semi-autonomous sheet bending machine. The machine uses pneumatic actuators powered by an air compressor to bend sheet metal with minimal human interference. Finite element analysis was conducted to ensure the design of the actuators and frame could withstand bending forces. The semi-automatic design makes the machine more affordable than fully automatic options, making it suitable for smaller industries.
This document summarizes the design of an automated numerical control (NC) drilling machine. The machine uses a microcontroller to control drilling depth based on numeric input from a 12-key keypad. When a depth is entered and start is pressed, the drill motor activates and drills to the programmed depth. The microcontroller continuously monitors the keypad and stores input in its memory. The automated machine aims to improve drilling accuracy, productivity, and reduce bit wear by controlling drilling depth precisely according to programmed values for repeated mass production tasks.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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This document summarizes an article that describes automating a milling machine using an electro-pneumatic system. Milling is a common metal cutting process where a rotating cutting tool removes material. The article discusses automating the milling process using pneumatic devices like cylinders, valves, and sensors combined with electrical components like relays and switches. It provides an overview of milling machines and their components. It also discusses the general concepts of designing and developing pneumatic control systems, including functional diagrams, circuit diagrams, and documentation. Finally, it analyzes the costs of manual versus automated milling machines and their production times.
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This document describes the design and fabrication of a multi-purpose tooling machine. The machine allows five operations - drilling, shaping, cutting, buffing, and grinding - to be performed simultaneously using a single machine. This is more efficient than separate machines for each operation as it saves space, time, and costs for industries. The machine uses a belt drive system connected to pulleys and bevel gears to transfer power from an electric motor to shafts that drive the various tools. A scotch yoke mechanism is also used to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion for shaping. The machine aims to improve productivity while reducing production costs for industries.
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Design procedure of an electrohydraulic driveeSAT Journals
Abstract Aerodynamicists use wind tunnel to test models as well as for proposed aircraft components and engines. In order to keep these models fixed in place for testing, ground based equipment is essential. Electrohydraulic drives form the back bone of such type of mechanism which requires continuous motion for life time operations with controlled motion for start stop and bi-directional motion mechanisms. Focus of this paper is on systematic approach for optimal designing of a typical electrohydraulic drive that will provide roll motion to the testing model with emphasis on reliability of the system. This paper further highlights the design, selection, testing and qualification procedures of different elements of the drive and the electrohydraulic drive assembly as a whole. Keywords - Design, Develop, Electrohydraulic roll drive, Spindle.
This document provides an overview of computer numeric control (CNC) lathe machines and their operation. It discusses CAD/CAM software integration and how it is used to create products. The document then explains CNC lathe machines in more detail, including their components like the central processing unit, driving system, feedback devices and display unit. It also discusses programming codes, motion control systems, and machine axes configurations.
J.R.K Murthy has over 40 years of experience providing FEM analysis consulting services to engineering industries. He has a M.Tech from IIT Kanpur and has worked at Central Manufacturing Technologies Institute leading their FEM, advanced technology, and CNC divisions. He has extensive experience conducting structural, vibration, CFD, and thermal analyses using FEM tools like ANSYS. Some of his major projects include analysis of antenna structures, machine tool components, pressure vessels, mixing machines, and more. He has published over 22 research papers and conducted secondments at universities in Manchester and Berlin.
Design of special purpose machine head to improve the production of engine blockIAEME Publication
This document discusses the design of a special purpose machine head to improve production of engine blocks. The machine is designed to mill locus clearances in engine blocks more efficiently than existing milling machines. It aims to reduce machining time and vibration during the milling process. The design of the machine head includes a hydraulic spindle that allows for angular motion to efficiently mill the locus pattern. The new special purpose machine is estimated to increase monthly production from 2,103 engine blocks to 6,792 blocks and lower machining costs, resulting in estimated annual savings of over 7 lakh rupees.
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The document describes the design and analysis of an indexing fixture used to rotate a 6-cylinder truck engine block. The indexing fixture allows the engine block to be rotated through specific angles, improving safety, reducing time, and making the process easier compared to previous manual methods. Key components of the indexing fixture include a base to bear the engine block, left and right indexing plates, shafts, housings, and a motor providing 2.2 kW of power to rotate the fixture. Design calculations determined the maximum torque of 4254 Nm would occur at 90 degrees of rotation. The indexing fixture aims to improve ergonomics, ease of handling, safety, and reduce time compared to previous lifting and rotating of heavy engine blocks.
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This document describes the design of a fixed automation system for loading billets into a furnace in a forging industry. The system uses a step feeder conveyor to gradually move billets from a hopper into the furnace over 6 steps in order to maintain the thermal cycle time of 6-7 seconds. The step feeder is designed to handle 1000 billets per loading over continuous operation. Materials and components were selected to withstand the continuous high load operation, including a motor sized to provide 407 N-m of torque. Implementation of the automated billet loading system improved productivity and cycle time consistency compared to the previous manual system while eliminating safety risks and inefficiencies of human labor.
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This document describes the design of a special purpose machine (SPM) that can perform drilling and spot facing operations on cylinder heads simultaneously. The SPM is designed to reduce production time and costs by replacing separate drilling and spot facing machines with a single machine. The key features of the SPM include:
1) A gear box that uses a combination drilling/spot facing tool to allow both operations to be performed at once.
2) A hydraulic system to control linear movement of the gear box and hold the workpiece.
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This document summarizes a study on improving the performance of micro cutting tools through cryogenic treatment. Cryogenic treatment involves submerging tools in liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide to enhance hardness. The study examines how cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide tools at different temperatures and soaking periods affects cutting forces and surface roughness when grinding titanium alloy at the micro-scale. Results show that deeper cryogenic treatment (-196°C) for longer durations (24 hours) leads to lower cutting forces, better surface finish, and increased tool life compared to untreated tools due to improved hardness from precipitation of eta carbide in the tool material. Therefore, cryogenic treatment is concluded to enhance the mechanical properties and performance of micro cutting tools.
This document discusses the manufacturing process of a toggle jack. It begins with an abstract and introduction. It then provides operation sheets for the various components of the jack including the lead screw, worm, and nut. Next, it describes the various manufacturing processes involved such as primary shaping, machining, surface finishing, and joining. It also discusses process planning for turning and thread cutting. It concludes with a section on cost estimation and provides conclusions on the benefits of electric toggle jacks.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
The document presents a case study on implementing Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) on a CNC table type boring and milling machine at a heavy machinery manufacturing industry. Initial OEE calculations found the machine's OEE to be 62%, below the world-class level of 85%. Suggestions were made to reduce changeover, break, and downtime, which improved the OEE to 75%. Further improvements could bring the OEE closer to the target world-class level.
The document presents a case study on implementing Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) on a CNC table type boring and milling machine at a heavy machinery manufacturing industry. Initial OEE calculations found the machine's OEE to be 62%, below the world-class level of 85%. Suggestions were made to reduce changeover, break, and downtime which improved OEE to 75%. Further improvements could bring OEE closer to the target world-class level.
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The document experimentally investigates the effect of dry, wet, and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions on machining aluminum 7075 alloy. Surface roughness and temperature near the cutting zone were analyzed for each condition. MQL machining resulted in lower surface roughness and temperature compared to dry and wet machining. Gray relational analysis determined that for dry machining, a cutting speed of 10000 rpm, feed rate of 600 mm/min, and depth of cut of 0.25 mm provided the best performance across surface roughness and temperature.
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This document summarizes the design of an automated numerical control (NC) drilling machine. The machine uses a microcontroller to control drilling depth based on numeric input from a 12-key keypad. When a depth is entered and start is pressed, the drill motor activates and drills to the programmed depth. The microcontroller continuously monitors the keypad and stores input in its memory. The automated machine aims to improve drilling accuracy, productivity, and reduce bit wear by controlling drilling depth precisely according to programmed values for repeated mass production tasks.
Similar to Evaluation of Machine Tool Thermal Stability against Dimensional Accuracy (20)
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1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
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This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network