Secondary storage devices hold information regardless of whether the computer has power. Examples include hard disk drives and floppy disks. While primary storage is faster, secondary storage is needed for today's computers to store programs and personal data due to limitations on primary storage sizes and prices. Common secondary storage devices discussed include hard disks, CD-ROMs, CD-Rs, USB flash drives, and memory cards.
This presentation helps to understand easily storage devices with interactive look with a easy and efficient way. It may reduce the hurdles which are usually comes while we are trying to listen or understand the overall structure of Storage Devices.
Hope it may help you in your Educational and professional life.
Thanks.
This presentation helps to understand easily storage devices with interactive look with a easy and efficient way. It may reduce the hurdles which are usually comes while we are trying to listen or understand the overall structure of Storage Devices.
Hope it may help you in your Educational and professional life.
Thanks.
Storage devices
This lesson includes the following sections:
Categorizing Storage Devices
Magnetic Storage Devices
Optical Storage Devices
Storage devices hold data, even when the computer is turned off.
The physical material that actually holds data is called a storage medium. The surface of a floppy disk is a storage medium.
The hardware that writes data to or reads data from a storage medium is called a storage device. A floppy disk drive is a storage device.
The two primary storage technologies are magnetic and optical.
Diskettes (floppy disks)
Hard disks
High-capacity floppy disks
Disk cartridges
Magnetic tape
Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) A magnetic disk's medium contains iron particles, which can be polarized—given a magnetic charge—in one of two directions.
Each particle's direction represents a 1 (on) or 0 (off), representing each bit of data that the CPU can recognize.
A disk drive uses read/write heads containing electromagnets to create magnetic charges on the medium.
Digital Video Disk Read-Only Memory
(DVD-ROM)
CD-Recordable (CD-R)
CD-Rewritable (CD-RW)
PhotoCD
You can present like this :
Good to all
I am --
going to present a presentation on Computer c.p.u
We all know that cpu consist of three elements
C.U,ALU,MU ___ Explain little all because are main focus on secondary memory
FOUND ANY ERROR PLEASE COMMENT
Thank you
These Notes from the class of BS EDUCATION 1st Semester (Spring) Session 2023-2027 Teacher :Ch Naveed Afzal
semester started in march 2023 and end in july 2023
Storage devices
This lesson includes the following sections:
Categorizing Storage Devices
Magnetic Storage Devices
Optical Storage Devices
Storage devices hold data, even when the computer is turned off.
The physical material that actually holds data is called a storage medium. The surface of a floppy disk is a storage medium.
The hardware that writes data to or reads data from a storage medium is called a storage device. A floppy disk drive is a storage device.
The two primary storage technologies are magnetic and optical.
Diskettes (floppy disks)
Hard disks
High-capacity floppy disks
Disk cartridges
Magnetic tape
Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) A magnetic disk's medium contains iron particles, which can be polarized—given a magnetic charge—in one of two directions.
Each particle's direction represents a 1 (on) or 0 (off), representing each bit of data that the CPU can recognize.
A disk drive uses read/write heads containing electromagnets to create magnetic charges on the medium.
Digital Video Disk Read-Only Memory
(DVD-ROM)
CD-Recordable (CD-R)
CD-Rewritable (CD-RW)
PhotoCD
You can present like this :
Good to all
I am --
going to present a presentation on Computer c.p.u
We all know that cpu consist of three elements
C.U,ALU,MU ___ Explain little all because are main focus on secondary memory
FOUND ANY ERROR PLEASE COMMENT
Thank you
These Notes from the class of BS EDUCATION 1st Semester (Spring) Session 2023-2027 Teacher :Ch Naveed Afzal
semester started in march 2023 and end in july 2023
Secondary memory is where programs and data are kept on a long-term basis. Common secondary storage devices are the hard disk and optical disks. The hard disk has enormous storage capacity compared to main memory. The hard disk is usually contained inside the case of a computer.
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
System unit
WHAT IS DATA
DATA REPRESENTATION
WHAT IS BINARY
HOW TO MAKE BINARY
HOW IS A LETTER REPRESENTED IN SYSTEM PROCESSING?
WHAT IS STORAGE?
DIFFERENCE B/W MEMORY & STORAGE MEDIUM
TYPES OF STORAGE MEDIUM
1. Magnetic Tapes
2. Magnetic Disks
3. Optical Disks
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
2. Secondary storage
-is a storage medium that holds
information until it is deleted or
overwritten regardless if the computer
has power. For example, a floppy disk
drive and hard drive are both good
examples of secondary storage devices.
3. As can be seen by the below
picture there are three different
storage on a computer, although
primary storage is accessed
much faster than secondary
storage because of the price and
size limitations secondary
storage is used with today's
computers to store all your
programs and your personal
data.
6. Hard disks are usually found inside
computers to store programs and
data. They are increasingly cheap
and more and more companies are
using them to back things up. Hard
disks can vary in physical size with
some disks getting as small as your
thumb. The capacity of a commercial
disk is currently up to about 4
terabytes allowing users to read and
write to them. They are constructed
from several key components
7. Platter - Metallic disks where One or
both sides of the platter are
magnetized, allowing data to be
stored. The platter spins thousands of
times a second around the spindle.
There may be several platters, with
data stored across them
Head - The head reads magnetic data
from the platter. For a drive with
several platters there may two heads
per platter allowing data to be read
from top and bottom of each
8. Actuator Arm - used to move the read
heads in and out of the disk, so that
data can be read and written to
particular locations and you can
access data in a Random fashion,
you don't need to read your way
through the entire disk to fetch a
particular bit of information, you can
jump right there. Seek time is very
low.
Power connector - provides electricity
to spin the platters, move the read
head and run the electronics
9. IDE connector - allows for data
transfer from and to the
platters
Jumper block - used to get the
disk working in specific ways
such as RAID
12. A CD-ROM is a metal disc embedded
into a plastic protective housing. Each
disc has to be 'mastered'; this is the
process of creating the CD and
placing the data on it. CDs are
WORM (Write Once, Read Many)
media; this refers to the fact that once
they have been mastered, there is no
way to change the data on them.
13. Writing to a CD-ROM
A single track runs in a spiral pattern
from the centre of the disc to the
outside, this track is made of pits and
lands to represent the ones and
zeroes of binary data
A high-powered laser is shone onto the
CD-ROM, burning pits into the metal
The disc spins and the laser follows the
track, putting the binary data onto the
CD in a spiral track
The data has been written
14. Reading from a CD-ROM
A single track runs in a spiral pattern
from the centre of the disc to the
outside, this track is made of pits and
lands to represent the ones and
zeroes of binary data
A low-powered laser is shone on the
metallic surface and the reflection is
captured in a photodiode sensor, the
lands reflect differently to the pits,
meaning it can tell the difference
between a 1 and a 0
15. The disc spins and the laser follows the
track
The binary data (the 1s and 0s) are put
together and the CD-ROM has been
read
16. CD-R
The CD-R is made of a
reflective metal disk with a
layer of (usually green,
opaque) dye on top.
17. Writing to a CD-R
A single track runs in a spiral pattern
from the centre of the disc to the
outside.
A high-powered laser is shone onto the
CD-R, changing the transparency
(permanently) of the dye above. The
transparent and opaque parts
represent binary 1s and 0s
The disc spins and the laser follows the
track, putting the binary data onto the
CD-R in a spiral track
The data has been written
18. Reading from a CD-R
A single track runs in a spiral pattern
from the centre of the disc to the
outside, this track is made of pits and
lands to represent the ones and
zeroes of binary data
The binary data (the 1s and 0s) are put
together and the CD-R has been read
19. A low-powered laser is shone on the
surface and the reflection is captured
in a photodiode sensor. The opaque
dye will reflect differently to the
transparent dye (which would just
reflect the metal underneath it),
meaning it can tell the difference
between a 1 and 0
The disc spins and the laser follows the
track
21. USB Flash drives are solid state, that
means that there are no moving parts.
This is very useful for seek times as
we don't have to wait for mechanical
movement, meaning seek time is very
low and it allows for fast Random
Access Memory. Flash drives can be
set to read only mode, but they will
always allow for reading and writing.
The size of flash drives is not as great
as a Hard Disk and they are generally
much more expensive per megabyte
22. Memory cards
Work in much the same way as a Flash
drive and can often be converted into
Flash Drives. They have different
connectors and are generally smaller
than USB Flash drives allowing for
them to be used in cameras, mobile
phones and game consoles.
25. Question
This is a storage medium that holds
information until it is deleted or
overwritten
A. External Memory B. Auxilary storage
C. Primary Storge
D. Secondary Storage