The document evaluates the engineering properties of sandy bricks made with dune sands in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia through an experimental study. Dune sands cover around 30% of Saudi Arabia and represent a potential local source of fine aggregates for construction. Physical and mechanical tests were conducted on dune sand samples and crushed fine aggregates. The results showed that dune sands met chemical stability requirements and could be used as up to 70% of fine aggregates in sand-cement bricks based on compressive strength tests. Using a mixture of dune sand and crushed aggregates improved the gradation properties over using dune sand alone.
The document summarizes a study on utilizing crushed stone dust as a stabilizer for subgrade soil in Jimma Town, Ethiopia. Laboratory tests were conducted on soil samples with varying amounts of crushed stone dust added. The results showed that adding crushed stone dust improved the geotechnical properties of the expansive subgrade soil by reducing its plasticity index, swelling, and optimum moisture content, while increasing its maximum dry density and California Bearing Ratio. Using 30% or more crushed stone dust brought the soil properties into compliance with specifications for subgrade construction. The study suggests crushed stone dust can be used as a cost-effective stabilizer for problematic expansive soils.
The document describes an experimental study that aimed to stabilize expansive soil for sub-grade road construction using mixtures of marble dust, rice husk ash, and cement. Laboratory tests found that the soil samples had high plasticity indexes, free swell indexes, and low CBR values, indicating highly expansive soils. Stabilization was achieved by adding different proportions of the mixtures. CBR values increased as cement content increased, while plasticity decreased. Mixtures containing 8% rice husk ash or cement met Ethiopian road standards. The study demonstrated stabilized expansive soils can effectively be used for sub-grade construction when treated with the tested mixtures.
BEARING CAPACITY OF STRIP FOOTING RESTING ON DUNE SANDS STABILIZED BY GROUTIN...IAEME Publication
Extensive dune sand deposits cover specific areas of Iraq. Dune sands are often an environment hazard during strong winds and sand storms particularly in the summer months. A little research has taken place to study the characteristics and the behavior of dune sands. An extensive laboratory testing program was carried out to study the geo technical properties and the behavior of dune sands. The tests include moisture content, classification, compaction, relative density, direct shear, chemical tests. Also, loading tests were carried out on footing model of strip shape (3.2 × 33) cm rested on natural dune sand.
Karal Clay in the Far North Cameroon: Study on Behavioural Floor StructuresIJERD Editor
The north is known for its scorching heat and swelling clay which in the presence of water,
dramatical increase in water volume and by drying or even to crack [2] [5]. Many authors have addressed the
problems posed by this type of ground vis-à-vis the construction and especially the buildings. What exact type
of transport infrastructure can be built on these soils? It is to answer this question that we focus our research on
Karal clay, the main constituent of soil in the region of Far Northern Cameroon. Over 21,489 km of roads in
Cameroon in charge of the state, nearly 44.5% are in poor condition. The Far North Region of Cameroon is one
with the longest straight road in poor condition. In about 2374 km of road, only 1% is in good condition, 20% in
fair condition and 79 in poor condition [3] [8]. The damage seen on the N-1 Kousséri Maroua road in the region
of the Far North is related to a combination of stresses: it supports the traffic, the weather, the layer thickness
and the quality of materials that constitute it. All these stresses are associated in one way or another with the
clay soil blowing up known for its instability to participate in the degradation of these roads [3] [6] [13]. The
primary mission of this scientific work is to provide necessary information and capital on Karal clay,
mineralogy, and its behaviour with respect to pavement structures in the Sahel. However, laboratory studies on
Karal clay, allowed better assessment of its physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics. Armed with
these scientific findings it allow us to better understand the Karal clay and its behaviour on the ground in the
Sahel region, we have developed strategies to increase the profitability of road investments on swelling clay
soil. To achieve the expected results, we submitted samples of Karal clay testing of physical-chemicalmineralogical
characterisation laboratory. It is in particular, the determination of the water content and organic
matter, the complete particle size analysis, determination of Atterberg limits, Proctor changed, testing
Californian Bearing Ratio of the oedometer test, the shear test straight to the box Casagrande, and finally the Xray
diffraction
Early effect of no - tillage on land profitability, soil fertility and microb...Joanna Hicks
This study evaluated the early impacts of conservation agriculture (CA) compared to conventional agriculture (CV) on farmer income, soil fertility, and microbiota in Laos. Results after 3 seasons showed:
1) Similar production costs and yields but higher net income for CA due to byproduct sales.
2) Soil structure stability and carbon/nitrogen levels decreased under CV, with losses of 4Mg C/ha and 0.5Mg N/ha, but no losses under CA.
3) Bacterial/fungal biomass and diversity trended lower under CV compared to native pasture or CA.
The study concluded CV had negative early agro-environmental impacts while CA maintained soil health and
Sand quality and cost-effective leads infrastructure in rural villages, a fundamental questions are identification of
sources of construction sand mines, available quality and supply management how to maintain it is big challenges?
Should the license holder suppliers or a government agency above them manage the construction of the
infrastructure project? To answer this question, we surveyed all Society of Consulting Architectural and Engineering
Firms, Nepal (SCAFE) members involved in infrastructure projects, As per Federation Contractors‟ Association of
Nepal (FCAN), Sand quarry operator, Sand suppliers and sand washing plant operators in Kathmandu valley of
Nepal. Findings clearly indicate that the most important causes were lack of proper management, awareness and
understanding, quality, test skill and knowledge with contractor, consult and other stake holders. Also government
and authority have not taken action to support legal aspects and control illegal operation as well as maintain supply
management of construction sand for infrastructure projects.
Many details go into the planning of a mine. The information gathered must come from several
sources. First is the geological, structural, and mineralogical information, combined with the
resource/reserve data. This information leads to the preliminary selection of a potential mining method
and sizing of the mine production. From this the development planning is done, the equipment
selection is made, and the mine workforce projections are completed, all leading to the economic
analysis associated with mine planning.
The document summarizes a study on utilizing crushed stone dust as a stabilizer for subgrade soil in Jimma Town, Ethiopia. Laboratory tests were conducted on soil samples with varying amounts of crushed stone dust added. The results showed that adding crushed stone dust improved the geotechnical properties of the expansive subgrade soil by reducing its plasticity index, swelling, and optimum moisture content, while increasing its maximum dry density and California Bearing Ratio. Using 30% or more crushed stone dust brought the soil properties into compliance with specifications for subgrade construction. The study suggests crushed stone dust can be used as a cost-effective stabilizer for problematic expansive soils.
The document describes an experimental study that aimed to stabilize expansive soil for sub-grade road construction using mixtures of marble dust, rice husk ash, and cement. Laboratory tests found that the soil samples had high plasticity indexes, free swell indexes, and low CBR values, indicating highly expansive soils. Stabilization was achieved by adding different proportions of the mixtures. CBR values increased as cement content increased, while plasticity decreased. Mixtures containing 8% rice husk ash or cement met Ethiopian road standards. The study demonstrated stabilized expansive soils can effectively be used for sub-grade construction when treated with the tested mixtures.
BEARING CAPACITY OF STRIP FOOTING RESTING ON DUNE SANDS STABILIZED BY GROUTIN...IAEME Publication
Extensive dune sand deposits cover specific areas of Iraq. Dune sands are often an environment hazard during strong winds and sand storms particularly in the summer months. A little research has taken place to study the characteristics and the behavior of dune sands. An extensive laboratory testing program was carried out to study the geo technical properties and the behavior of dune sands. The tests include moisture content, classification, compaction, relative density, direct shear, chemical tests. Also, loading tests were carried out on footing model of strip shape (3.2 × 33) cm rested on natural dune sand.
Karal Clay in the Far North Cameroon: Study on Behavioural Floor StructuresIJERD Editor
The north is known for its scorching heat and swelling clay which in the presence of water,
dramatical increase in water volume and by drying or even to crack [2] [5]. Many authors have addressed the
problems posed by this type of ground vis-à-vis the construction and especially the buildings. What exact type
of transport infrastructure can be built on these soils? It is to answer this question that we focus our research on
Karal clay, the main constituent of soil in the region of Far Northern Cameroon. Over 21,489 km of roads in
Cameroon in charge of the state, nearly 44.5% are in poor condition. The Far North Region of Cameroon is one
with the longest straight road in poor condition. In about 2374 km of road, only 1% is in good condition, 20% in
fair condition and 79 in poor condition [3] [8]. The damage seen on the N-1 Kousséri Maroua road in the region
of the Far North is related to a combination of stresses: it supports the traffic, the weather, the layer thickness
and the quality of materials that constitute it. All these stresses are associated in one way or another with the
clay soil blowing up known for its instability to participate in the degradation of these roads [3] [6] [13]. The
primary mission of this scientific work is to provide necessary information and capital on Karal clay,
mineralogy, and its behaviour with respect to pavement structures in the Sahel. However, laboratory studies on
Karal clay, allowed better assessment of its physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics. Armed with
these scientific findings it allow us to better understand the Karal clay and its behaviour on the ground in the
Sahel region, we have developed strategies to increase the profitability of road investments on swelling clay
soil. To achieve the expected results, we submitted samples of Karal clay testing of physical-chemicalmineralogical
characterisation laboratory. It is in particular, the determination of the water content and organic
matter, the complete particle size analysis, determination of Atterberg limits, Proctor changed, testing
Californian Bearing Ratio of the oedometer test, the shear test straight to the box Casagrande, and finally the Xray
diffraction
Early effect of no - tillage on land profitability, soil fertility and microb...Joanna Hicks
This study evaluated the early impacts of conservation agriculture (CA) compared to conventional agriculture (CV) on farmer income, soil fertility, and microbiota in Laos. Results after 3 seasons showed:
1) Similar production costs and yields but higher net income for CA due to byproduct sales.
2) Soil structure stability and carbon/nitrogen levels decreased under CV, with losses of 4Mg C/ha and 0.5Mg N/ha, but no losses under CA.
3) Bacterial/fungal biomass and diversity trended lower under CV compared to native pasture or CA.
The study concluded CV had negative early agro-environmental impacts while CA maintained soil health and
Sand quality and cost-effective leads infrastructure in rural villages, a fundamental questions are identification of
sources of construction sand mines, available quality and supply management how to maintain it is big challenges?
Should the license holder suppliers or a government agency above them manage the construction of the
infrastructure project? To answer this question, we surveyed all Society of Consulting Architectural and Engineering
Firms, Nepal (SCAFE) members involved in infrastructure projects, As per Federation Contractors‟ Association of
Nepal (FCAN), Sand quarry operator, Sand suppliers and sand washing plant operators in Kathmandu valley of
Nepal. Findings clearly indicate that the most important causes were lack of proper management, awareness and
understanding, quality, test skill and knowledge with contractor, consult and other stake holders. Also government
and authority have not taken action to support legal aspects and control illegal operation as well as maintain supply
management of construction sand for infrastructure projects.
Many details go into the planning of a mine. The information gathered must come from several
sources. First is the geological, structural, and mineralogical information, combined with the
resource/reserve data. This information leads to the preliminary selection of a potential mining method
and sizing of the mine production. From this the development planning is done, the equipment
selection is made, and the mine workforce projections are completed, all leading to the economic
analysis associated with mine planning.
This presentation discussed geosynthetic reinforcement used for highway shoulder widening and rehabilitation. Prepared by Stephen Archer of Tensar International Corporation. Please remember to cite this research if the information you find here is used.
The document discusses the history and modern practices of mining. It covers the earliest records of mining from 3000 BC by Egyptians extracting gold, silver and copper. Modern mining involves prospecting, feasibility studies, extracting desired materials using surface or underground techniques, and reclaiming land after closure. Key aspects covered include exploration methods, resource and reserve estimation, adhering to mining codes, and establishing feasibility studies to evaluate project risk and define scale prior to development and operation.
IRJET- Effect of Lime (Content & Duration) on Strength of Cohesive SoilIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that studied the effect of lime content and curing duration on the strength of cohesive soil. The researchers aimed to determine the suitable percentage of lime needed to stabilize clayey soil over different curing periods. They found that adding lime significantly changes soil characteristics by increasing strength and stability against water and frost. In general, lime treatment involves chemical reactions that bind soil particles together and reduce void spaces, improving soil permeability and mechanical strength. The researchers concluded that lime stabilization is an effective and economical technique for improving unstable soils and ensuring structures are founded on soils that can adequately support loads.
The document discusses using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) stabilized soil, with and without lime, as a cushioning material above an expansive clay subgrade to improve its properties. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of GGBS stabilized soil cushions in reducing clay heave and improving the soaked California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength of the soil. The results showed that GGBS stabilized soil cushions, with or without lime, can effectively reduce clay heave while also enhancing the strength and load bearing capacity of the subgrade.
A STUDY ON EFFECTS OF GEOSYNTHETIC ENCASEMENT ON FLOATING STONE COLUMNIAEME Publication
1) The document presents a study on the effects of geosynthetic encasement on floating stone columns used to improve soft soil.
2) Laboratory model tests were conducted using a unit cell approach to simulate single stone columns installed in soft clay. Four types of geosynthetic materials were used as encasement for the stone columns.
3) Load-settlement tests were performed on stone columns with and without geosynthetic encasement to analyze the effects of reinforcement type on the load-carrying capacity and settlement behavior of floating stone columns installed in soft clay.
Performance analysis of geosynthetics used in asphalt rehabilitation on urban...Matthew Coleman
Presentation as partial fulfilment of the requirements of the subject BEB801 Project 1 at Queensland University of Technology.
Industry project with Logan City Council.
(Please note SlideShare may have issues with the embedded audio)
The QuantiSlake test is a new simple method to evaluate soil structural stability. It involves measuring the mass of a soil sample over time as it is immersed in water. Several indicators from the mass change curves are strongly correlated with soil organic carbon to clay ratio, which is a recognized proxy for soil structural stability. The test discriminates better than existing methods between different tillage treatments. It provides information on both slaking and clay dispersibility, and requires only basic equipment. The test represents a rapid and representative way to evaluate how agricultural practices and soil properties impact structural stability.
A short course in foundation engineeringZaid Majed
This chapter introduces the concepts of effective stress and short-term and long-term stability in geotechnical engineering. Effective stress is defined as the total stress minus the pore water pressure. The principle of effective stress states that soils behave according to the effective stresses and are unaffected by changes in pore water pressure. Short-term stability considers immediate loading conditions while long-term stability accounts for time-dependent consolidation processes. Methods for computing effective stress and assessing short-term and long-term stability are discussed.
Geomodelling, resource & reserve estimation using mining softwareChandra Bose
The document provides an overview of geomodelling, resource and reserve estimation, and pit optimization for mining projects. It discusses how borehole data, lithology, mineralization, and quality data are used in geomodelling software to create 3D geological models and cross sections. Resource and reserve estimation involves categorizing resources, estimating densities, recovery factors, and cut-off depths to determine geological, mineable, and extractable reserves. Pit optimization software is used to design optimal open pit mine plans that consider pit boundaries, slopes, benches, and production schedules to maximize profitability over the life of the mine.
Concept of oc mine planning & design(final)sou_suk_sou
The document discusses concepts related to open cast mine planning and design. It covers various mining methods and factors that determine the suitable method. It describes ideal conditions for open cast mining and provides details about general planning studies and reports. The document also discusses basis for initial geological study, conceptual mine planning, pre-feasibility study and factors considered in mine design including access ramp, haul roads, pit design, production capacity and main mining equipment.
The document discusses surface mine planning and design. It covers factors that affect pit planning such as natural conditions, economics, and technology. The objectives of pit planning are to mine the ore body at minimum cost while maintaining operational viability. Both long-range planning, which determines final pit limits, and short-range planning in sequential steps are required. General considerations for planning include land reclamation, topsoil storage, and advance stripping. The selection of mining equipment depends on factors like the size and geometry of the ore body, production rates, and pit conditions.
A presentation about roads and highways- it's study and also some problems after the construction of roads.the presentation also contains pictures of complicated regions for road construction.
UNDERSTANDING THE PERFORMANCE OF DEEP MIXED COLUMN IMPROVED SOILS - A REVIEWIAEME Publication
The essence of ground improvement is to enhance the engineering properties of weak soils to provide stability and sufficient bearing capacity for construction and other engineering purposes. Deep soil mixing is one method that has been widely employed for this purpose due to the
environmental nature and efficiency of this method. In deep soil mixing, the amount of binder to be mixed with the weak soil depends on the initial moisture content of the surrounding soil. Several researchers have reported on this method of soil improvement through laboratory experiments, in situ testing and numerical modelling.
Engineering Characterisation of Aggregates from Some Selected Areas in Kumasi...IJAEMSJORNAL
The document summarizes a study that characterized aggregates from four locations (KP, CS, QC, NM) near major quarries in Kumasi, Ghana. Engineering tests were performed on the aggregates including specific gravity, water absorption, aggregate impact value, aggregate crushing value, ten percent fines value, flakiness index, elongation index, and Los Angeles abrasion value. The results indicated that aggregates from the CS location generally performed best, passing most tests and indicating high strength, good water absorption, and resistance to impacts and loading. The KP location produced aggregates that were hardest and most resistant to crushing and degradation. The study concluded that the CS location was best for obtaining high quality aggregates.
124
مبادرة
#تواصل_تطوير
المحاضرة ال 124 من المبادرة مع
دكتور/ محمد الحسين
بعنوان
المركبات البوليمرية الجيوتقنية و تطبيقاتها في الهندسة المدنية
Geosynthetics in Civil Engineering (Multifunctional uses of geosynthetics in civil engineering)
التاسعة مساء توقيت القاهرة
العاشرة. مساء توقيت مكة المكرمة
السبت 28 أغسطس 2021
وذلك عبر تطبيق زووم
https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZwvdeiurjwjHdKFHkNf1hWghC8-OT7ZB2lZ
علما ان هناك بث مباشر للمحاضرة على القنوات الخاصة بجمعية المهندسين المصريين
ونأمل أن نوفق في تقديم ما ينفع المهندس ومهمة الهندسة في عالمنا العربي
والله الموفق
للتواصل مع إدارة المبادرة عبر قناة التليجرام
https://t.me/EEAKSA
ومتابعة المبادرة والبث المباشر عبر نوافذنا المختلفة
رابط اللينكدان والمكتبة الالكترونية
https://www.linkedin.com/company/eeaksa-egyptian-engineers-association/
رابط قناة التويتر
https://twitter.com/eeaksa
رابط قناة الفيسبوك
https://www.facebook.com/EEAKSA
رابط قناة اليوتيوب
https://www.youtube.com/user/EEAchannal
رابط التسجيل العام للمحاضرات
https://forms.gle/vVmw7L187tiATRPw9
ملحوظة : توجد شهادات حضور مجانية لمن يسجل فى رابط التقيم اخر المحاضرة.
This document discusses geological construction materials. It begins by introducing different types of rocks and soils used for construction, including as building materials, roads, dams, and aggregates. It then covers properties of construction materials like mineral composition, texture, durability, strength, and resistance to fire or weathering. Specific rock types used in construction are discussed in detail, such as granite, gneiss, sandstone, marble, limestone, basalt, slate, and quartzite. The document also discusses materials used for roads, railways, dams, and coastal protection. It provides details on ballast, riprap, and requirements for filter materials.
Geoengineering Characterization of the Rock Masses of Northern Face of Jabal ...IJERA Editor
This paper is aimed at the description and the geotechnical characterization of the Tertiary granitic rock masses of the northern face of Sabir Mountain, Taiz city, Yemen, for the first time. For accomplishing this task, direct and indirect approaches are adopted. The direct approach is represented by field and laboratory investigations. Field investigations include discontinuity (joints) measurements/evaluation, applied Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system and Geological Strength Index (GSI) system, in addition to field tests, while laboratory investigations encompass physico-mechanical tests carried out on granitic rock materials. Indirect approach for the estimation of shear strength parameters (c, φ), compressive strength (σcm), tensile strength (σtm) and deformation modulus (Erm) of these rock masses was made by applying the generalized Hoek–Brown failure criterion using geotechnical Roc-Lab software. The laboratory results indicate that the Tertiary granitic rock masses show wide range of variations in their physico-mechanical characteristics owing to degree of weathering /alteration and microfractures. The intact samples of Sabir granitic (Tg) rocks show “Moderate” to “High” density, “Low” to "Medium" porosity, “Good" to "Marginal” water absorption capacity and “Weak” to “Very Strong” strength. Stereographically, three main sets of discontinuities (joints) are identified at each station; however, the fourth joint set occurs, in addition to random joint sets. The discontinuities (joints) trend predominately in NE-SW and NW-SE directions in conformity with the regional structures or faults. According to Jv j/m³ values, the degree of jointing of these rock masses are varied from “Moderate” to “High” jointing. These rocks are categorized as “Fair” to “Excellent” quality, “Fair” to “Good/Very Good” quality and “Poor” to “Very Good” quality classes according to RQD, RMR89 and GSI respectively. Values of the shear strength parameters (c and φ) and the other rock mass parameters (σtm, σc , σcm and Erm) show variations depending on the rock mass quality and properties of intact rock. However, in general the values of the rock mass parameters are found to increase with increase in the quality of rock mass and intact rock properties.
OSCILLATORY FLOW OF MHD POLAR FLUID WITH HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PAST A VERTIC...IAEME Publication
The study of unsteady two-dimensional laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous incompressible fluid (polar fluid) through porous medium past a semi-infinite vertical porous stretching plate in the presence of transverse magnetic field is investigated.
The sheet makes with a constant velocity in the longitudinal direction and the free stream velocity follows an exponentially increasing or decreasing small perturbation law. A uniform magnetic field acts perpendicularly to the porous sheet which absorbs the polar fluid with a suction velocity varying with time component. The effects of all parameters encountering in the problem are investigated for velocity and temperature fields across the boundary layer.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT IN POLYMER AND FIBER FORMS O...IAEME Publication
Dark cotton garden soil is usually accumulated near KSRM college or university regarding KADAPA is usually stabilized along with arbitrarily sent out Polypropylene fibers’ in addition to Nonwoven geo-textile along with unique u/d rate in addition to yellow sand content material regarding 5, 10 in addition to 15 per cent through excess weight. The actual CBR testing have been carried out inside the laboratory work for unique combination size regarding fibers in addition to geo-textile along with dark-colored silk cotton garden soil. Substantial enhancement can be found in this CBR benefit regarding dark-colored silk cotton garden soil.
This presentation discussed geosynthetic reinforcement used for highway shoulder widening and rehabilitation. Prepared by Stephen Archer of Tensar International Corporation. Please remember to cite this research if the information you find here is used.
The document discusses the history and modern practices of mining. It covers the earliest records of mining from 3000 BC by Egyptians extracting gold, silver and copper. Modern mining involves prospecting, feasibility studies, extracting desired materials using surface or underground techniques, and reclaiming land after closure. Key aspects covered include exploration methods, resource and reserve estimation, adhering to mining codes, and establishing feasibility studies to evaluate project risk and define scale prior to development and operation.
IRJET- Effect of Lime (Content & Duration) on Strength of Cohesive SoilIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that studied the effect of lime content and curing duration on the strength of cohesive soil. The researchers aimed to determine the suitable percentage of lime needed to stabilize clayey soil over different curing periods. They found that adding lime significantly changes soil characteristics by increasing strength and stability against water and frost. In general, lime treatment involves chemical reactions that bind soil particles together and reduce void spaces, improving soil permeability and mechanical strength. The researchers concluded that lime stabilization is an effective and economical technique for improving unstable soils and ensuring structures are founded on soils that can adequately support loads.
The document discusses using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) stabilized soil, with and without lime, as a cushioning material above an expansive clay subgrade to improve its properties. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of GGBS stabilized soil cushions in reducing clay heave and improving the soaked California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength of the soil. The results showed that GGBS stabilized soil cushions, with or without lime, can effectively reduce clay heave while also enhancing the strength and load bearing capacity of the subgrade.
A STUDY ON EFFECTS OF GEOSYNTHETIC ENCASEMENT ON FLOATING STONE COLUMNIAEME Publication
1) The document presents a study on the effects of geosynthetic encasement on floating stone columns used to improve soft soil.
2) Laboratory model tests were conducted using a unit cell approach to simulate single stone columns installed in soft clay. Four types of geosynthetic materials were used as encasement for the stone columns.
3) Load-settlement tests were performed on stone columns with and without geosynthetic encasement to analyze the effects of reinforcement type on the load-carrying capacity and settlement behavior of floating stone columns installed in soft clay.
Performance analysis of geosynthetics used in asphalt rehabilitation on urban...Matthew Coleman
Presentation as partial fulfilment of the requirements of the subject BEB801 Project 1 at Queensland University of Technology.
Industry project with Logan City Council.
(Please note SlideShare may have issues with the embedded audio)
The QuantiSlake test is a new simple method to evaluate soil structural stability. It involves measuring the mass of a soil sample over time as it is immersed in water. Several indicators from the mass change curves are strongly correlated with soil organic carbon to clay ratio, which is a recognized proxy for soil structural stability. The test discriminates better than existing methods between different tillage treatments. It provides information on both slaking and clay dispersibility, and requires only basic equipment. The test represents a rapid and representative way to evaluate how agricultural practices and soil properties impact structural stability.
A short course in foundation engineeringZaid Majed
This chapter introduces the concepts of effective stress and short-term and long-term stability in geotechnical engineering. Effective stress is defined as the total stress minus the pore water pressure. The principle of effective stress states that soils behave according to the effective stresses and are unaffected by changes in pore water pressure. Short-term stability considers immediate loading conditions while long-term stability accounts for time-dependent consolidation processes. Methods for computing effective stress and assessing short-term and long-term stability are discussed.
Geomodelling, resource & reserve estimation using mining softwareChandra Bose
The document provides an overview of geomodelling, resource and reserve estimation, and pit optimization for mining projects. It discusses how borehole data, lithology, mineralization, and quality data are used in geomodelling software to create 3D geological models and cross sections. Resource and reserve estimation involves categorizing resources, estimating densities, recovery factors, and cut-off depths to determine geological, mineable, and extractable reserves. Pit optimization software is used to design optimal open pit mine plans that consider pit boundaries, slopes, benches, and production schedules to maximize profitability over the life of the mine.
Concept of oc mine planning & design(final)sou_suk_sou
The document discusses concepts related to open cast mine planning and design. It covers various mining methods and factors that determine the suitable method. It describes ideal conditions for open cast mining and provides details about general planning studies and reports. The document also discusses basis for initial geological study, conceptual mine planning, pre-feasibility study and factors considered in mine design including access ramp, haul roads, pit design, production capacity and main mining equipment.
The document discusses surface mine planning and design. It covers factors that affect pit planning such as natural conditions, economics, and technology. The objectives of pit planning are to mine the ore body at minimum cost while maintaining operational viability. Both long-range planning, which determines final pit limits, and short-range planning in sequential steps are required. General considerations for planning include land reclamation, topsoil storage, and advance stripping. The selection of mining equipment depends on factors like the size and geometry of the ore body, production rates, and pit conditions.
A presentation about roads and highways- it's study and also some problems after the construction of roads.the presentation also contains pictures of complicated regions for road construction.
UNDERSTANDING THE PERFORMANCE OF DEEP MIXED COLUMN IMPROVED SOILS - A REVIEWIAEME Publication
The essence of ground improvement is to enhance the engineering properties of weak soils to provide stability and sufficient bearing capacity for construction and other engineering purposes. Deep soil mixing is one method that has been widely employed for this purpose due to the
environmental nature and efficiency of this method. In deep soil mixing, the amount of binder to be mixed with the weak soil depends on the initial moisture content of the surrounding soil. Several researchers have reported on this method of soil improvement through laboratory experiments, in situ testing and numerical modelling.
Engineering Characterisation of Aggregates from Some Selected Areas in Kumasi...IJAEMSJORNAL
The document summarizes a study that characterized aggregates from four locations (KP, CS, QC, NM) near major quarries in Kumasi, Ghana. Engineering tests were performed on the aggregates including specific gravity, water absorption, aggregate impact value, aggregate crushing value, ten percent fines value, flakiness index, elongation index, and Los Angeles abrasion value. The results indicated that aggregates from the CS location generally performed best, passing most tests and indicating high strength, good water absorption, and resistance to impacts and loading. The KP location produced aggregates that were hardest and most resistant to crushing and degradation. The study concluded that the CS location was best for obtaining high quality aggregates.
124
مبادرة
#تواصل_تطوير
المحاضرة ال 124 من المبادرة مع
دكتور/ محمد الحسين
بعنوان
المركبات البوليمرية الجيوتقنية و تطبيقاتها في الهندسة المدنية
Geosynthetics in Civil Engineering (Multifunctional uses of geosynthetics in civil engineering)
التاسعة مساء توقيت القاهرة
العاشرة. مساء توقيت مكة المكرمة
السبت 28 أغسطس 2021
وذلك عبر تطبيق زووم
https://us02web.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZwvdeiurjwjHdKFHkNf1hWghC8-OT7ZB2lZ
علما ان هناك بث مباشر للمحاضرة على القنوات الخاصة بجمعية المهندسين المصريين
ونأمل أن نوفق في تقديم ما ينفع المهندس ومهمة الهندسة في عالمنا العربي
والله الموفق
للتواصل مع إدارة المبادرة عبر قناة التليجرام
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This document discusses geological construction materials. It begins by introducing different types of rocks and soils used for construction, including as building materials, roads, dams, and aggregates. It then covers properties of construction materials like mineral composition, texture, durability, strength, and resistance to fire or weathering. Specific rock types used in construction are discussed in detail, such as granite, gneiss, sandstone, marble, limestone, basalt, slate, and quartzite. The document also discusses materials used for roads, railways, dams, and coastal protection. It provides details on ballast, riprap, and requirements for filter materials.
Geoengineering Characterization of the Rock Masses of Northern Face of Jabal ...IJERA Editor
This paper is aimed at the description and the geotechnical characterization of the Tertiary granitic rock masses of the northern face of Sabir Mountain, Taiz city, Yemen, for the first time. For accomplishing this task, direct and indirect approaches are adopted. The direct approach is represented by field and laboratory investigations. Field investigations include discontinuity (joints) measurements/evaluation, applied Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system and Geological Strength Index (GSI) system, in addition to field tests, while laboratory investigations encompass physico-mechanical tests carried out on granitic rock materials. Indirect approach for the estimation of shear strength parameters (c, φ), compressive strength (σcm), tensile strength (σtm) and deformation modulus (Erm) of these rock masses was made by applying the generalized Hoek–Brown failure criterion using geotechnical Roc-Lab software. The laboratory results indicate that the Tertiary granitic rock masses show wide range of variations in their physico-mechanical characteristics owing to degree of weathering /alteration and microfractures. The intact samples of Sabir granitic (Tg) rocks show “Moderate” to “High” density, “Low” to "Medium" porosity, “Good" to "Marginal” water absorption capacity and “Weak” to “Very Strong” strength. Stereographically, three main sets of discontinuities (joints) are identified at each station; however, the fourth joint set occurs, in addition to random joint sets. The discontinuities (joints) trend predominately in NE-SW and NW-SE directions in conformity with the regional structures or faults. According to Jv j/m³ values, the degree of jointing of these rock masses are varied from “Moderate” to “High” jointing. These rocks are categorized as “Fair” to “Excellent” quality, “Fair” to “Good/Very Good” quality and “Poor” to “Very Good” quality classes according to RQD, RMR89 and GSI respectively. Values of the shear strength parameters (c and φ) and the other rock mass parameters (σtm, σc , σcm and Erm) show variations depending on the rock mass quality and properties of intact rock. However, in general the values of the rock mass parameters are found to increase with increase in the quality of rock mass and intact rock properties.
OSCILLATORY FLOW OF MHD POLAR FLUID WITH HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PAST A VERTIC...IAEME Publication
The study of unsteady two-dimensional laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous incompressible fluid (polar fluid) through porous medium past a semi-infinite vertical porous stretching plate in the presence of transverse magnetic field is investigated.
The sheet makes with a constant velocity in the longitudinal direction and the free stream velocity follows an exponentially increasing or decreasing small perturbation law. A uniform magnetic field acts perpendicularly to the porous sheet which absorbs the polar fluid with a suction velocity varying with time component. The effects of all parameters encountering in the problem are investigated for velocity and temperature fields across the boundary layer.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT IN POLYMER AND FIBER FORMS O...IAEME Publication
Dark cotton garden soil is usually accumulated near KSRM college or university regarding KADAPA is usually stabilized along with arbitrarily sent out Polypropylene fibers’ in addition to Nonwoven geo-textile along with unique u/d rate in addition to yellow sand content material regarding 5, 10 in addition to 15 per cent through excess weight. The actual CBR testing have been carried out inside the laboratory work for unique combination size regarding fibers in addition to geo-textile along with dark-colored silk cotton garden soil. Substantial enhancement can be found in this CBR benefit regarding dark-colored silk cotton garden soil.
LOW EXPENSE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE USING PERMANENT MAGNETSIAEME Publication
Wind turbines are devices that convert the wind's kinetic energy into electrical power. The result of over a millennium of windmill development and modern engineering, today's wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of horizontal axis and vertical axis types. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as battery charging for auxiliary power. Slightly larger turbines can be used for making small contributions to a domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, have become an increasingly important source of renewable energy and are used in many countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.
INDEPENDENT DOMINATION NUMBER OF EULER TOTIENT CAYLEY GRAPHS AND ARITHMETIC G...IAEME Publication
Nathanson was the pioneer in introducing the concepts of Number Theory, particularly, the “Theory of Congruences” in Graph Theory, thus paved the way for the emergence of a new class of graphs, namely “Arithmetic Graphs”. Cayley graphs are another class of graphs associated wi th the elements of a group. If this group is associated with some arithmetic function then the Cayley graph becomes an Arithmetic graph.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION IN HONING PROCESSIAEME Publication
Determination of process parameters and maximum utility of the resources are the two main concerns while designing the manufacturing process for the products. The process parameters affect the final product shape and aesthetic look; whereas the utility refers to the output. The present study is devoted to the development of ANN models for the analysis of the honing process applied to an actual industrial component, namely the connecting rod of a motor bike. The surface quality of the honed components is measured with the help of a Talysurf Intra machine.
FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS OF CENTRIFUGAL FAN BY USING FEMIAEME Publication
This document presents a study analyzing the fluid flow of a centrifugal fan using finite element analysis (FEA). The study aims to compare experimental results with simulation results from ANSYS Fluent. The geometry of a forward backward curved centrifugal fan with 630mm diameter is modeled and meshed. Boundary conditions from experimental data are applied. Fluent simulations are run to obtain pressure distributions and flow patterns. Results for static pressure, efficiency, and power are compared to experimental values, showing deviations within 10-15%. The authors conclude CFD analysis can accurately validate experimental fan performance analysis when optimizing aspects like volute casing design.
UPROOTING RESISTANCE ANDMORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF PLANTS USED IN EROSION MITIGA...IAEME Publication
Uprooting resistance of plants by erosion is influenced by morphological traits. This study established the mathematical relationship between uprooting resistance and morphological traits for various plants. Several lateral uprooting tests were carried out to determine the uprooting forces for twelve different plant species. Measurement of the surface and underground traits of the plants was carried out using basic measurement devices .The soil shear strength was determined at various depths of in two different locations. Statistical tools like ANOVA, regression, correlation, discriminant and t-test were employed in the analysis of data obtained.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION FOR MEAT...IAEME Publication
The document presents an experimental and numerical study of temperature distribution in meat during the freezing process inside a cold storage unit. A cold storage prototype was constructed with dimensions of 1m x 1m x 1m. Temperature distributions of regular shaped meats placed in three levels (bottom, middle, top) inside the storage unit at -21°C were determined. Air velocity around the meats was measured and used in numerical simulations in CFX14.5 software. The simulations were based on transient Navier-Stokes equations and assumed steady turbulent airflow and temperature-dependent meat properties. Experimental and numerical results showed minimum meat temperatures at the top level due to higher air velocity, with an error of 18.7% between the two methods
Presentation on Breaking conventions for low cost housingIEI GSC
By Anupam shil, DGM Tech Services Zydex Industries at
31st National Convention of Civil Engineers organised by Gujarat State Center, The Institution of Engineers (India) at Ahmedabad
Monobond Etch & Prime is a self-etching single-component glass-ceramic primer that produces a similar adhesive bond strength as the conventional procedure with hydrofluoric acid and silane. The innovative new material from Ivoclar Vivadent eliminates the need for using hydrofluoric acid as the etchant and the concomitant separate working steps. Monobond Etch & Prime therefore enables safe, easy and reliable conditioning of all glass-ceramic restorations in the practice.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY ANALYSIS IN VARIOUS MATERIALS USING COMPOSITE WALL APPAR...IAEME Publication
The document analyzes the thermal conductivity of various materials using a composite wall apparatus. Experiments were conducted by placing different material plates between a central mica heater plate and varying the voltage. Thermal conductivity was measured for mild steel, bakelite, wood, charcoal, and natural gum at voltages of 80V, 120V, and 160V. The results showed that natural gum has a thermal conductivity of 0 W/m-K, indicating it could be used as an insulating material. Charcoal has a consistent thermal conductivity of around 0.27 W/m-K. Bakelite, wood, and mild steel have higher thermal conductivities that increase with higher voltages. The document concludes that natural gum is suitable as an insulating
STUDY OF PROCESS PARAMETERS OF GRAVITY DIE CASTING DEFECTSIAEME Publication
In today’s world a casting production without any defect is almost impossible. After the application of various optimization techniques and process we still are not able to get the defect free castings. So it is critically important to analyze the root cause of casting defect with in the process itself, so that any changes which can hamper the defect intensity can be invoked at the time of manufacturing or foundry shop production. The gravity die casting process is governed by its process parameters so it is required to study its process parameters and its effects. In this paper an effort has been incorporated to study the change in process parameters and their consequent effects on casting defects.
SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MACHINE WITH REDUCTION IN TORQUE RIPPLE USING ROBU...IAEME Publication
In this paper a novel and simple algorithm for three-phase induction motor(IM) under Direct Torque Control (DTC) scheme using Classic DTC switching table for dynamic torque ripple reduction and space-vector modulation scheme for steady state torque and flux control is proposed. The proposed scheme having the advantages of low torque ripples as well as constant switching frequency.
Simulation results are given to prove the ability of the proposed method obtaining good speed control bandwidth while overcoming classic DTC and DTC-SVM drawbacks.
SRF CONTROLLED DVR FOR COMPENSATION OF BALANCED AND UNBALANCED VOLTAGE DISTUR...IAEME Publication
The growth of power electronictechnology in the field of electric power sector has caused a greater awarenesson the power quality of distribution systems. With the re-structuring of powersystems and with shifting trend towards distributed and dispersed generation,the issue of power quality is going to take newer dimensions. The presentresearch is to identify the prominent concerns in this area and hence themeasures that can enhance the quality of power. This paper investigates theproblems of voltage sag, swell and its severe impact on nonlinear loads,sensitive loads.
A STUDY OF OPTICAL ABSORPTION OF POLYANLINE THIN FILMS PREPARED BY CHEMICAL B...IAEME Publication
This document presents a study on the optical absorption properties of polyaniline thin films prepared by the chemical bath deposition method. Key points:
1. Polyaniline thin films were prepared on glass substrates by immersing the substrates in a polyaniline/DMSO solution at 50°C for varying durations.
2. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy was used to analyze the absorption bands and estimate the optical band gap of the films.
3. The band gap was estimated to be approximately 2.5 eV for films prepared at different deposition times and after heat treatment.
1) PEPPSI-IPr is a highly efficient palladium catalyst developed for carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions.
2) It demonstrates broad utility in coupling reactions like Negishi, Suzuki, Kumada, Heck, and Buchwald-Hartwig, enabling difficult couplings like alkyl-alkyl.
3) PEPPSI-IPr exhibits good stability and reactivity, working well at room temperature and on large scales, with easy handling and storage compared to traditional phosphine ligands.
EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF IN FILLED RC FRAMES WITH OPENINGIAEME Publication
Reinforced concrete frames are usually infilled with masonry walls but, in most designs, both the shear strength capacity of these walls and the contribution of the infill panel openings on the shear strength of the infilled frame, especially in critical cases of seismic loading are generally ignored. This paper reports the results of an experimental study of the influence of central openings in the infill on the sway stiffness of reinforced concrete plane frames. A series of 1:4 scaled structural models with opening ratios from 0 to 50 percent in steps of 10 percent were designed, constructed and tested in the study to obtain the load - displacement profiles.
AUTOMOTIVE COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF A CAR USING ANSYSIAEME Publication
In this paper, ANSYS CFX method is used to simulate a single car model with and without a spoiler and by using two types of mesh. The solution of the Reynolds average Navier Stokes equations (RANS equations) has been achieved by using two models such as K-Epsilon and K –Omega Turbulence model will be analysed. In this report, mesh quality, boundary layer and turbulent y+ value simulation has been thoroughly analysed and solution for both the models has also been compared and discussed the results. We use the ANSYS software to determine the drag and lift forces at different turbulence kinetic energy variables k-Epsilon and K-Omega for the given vehicle domain. Further, the effects of aerodynamic are verified with and without the spoiler.
COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING OF FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICAT...IAEME Publication
Modals with complicated geometry, complex loads and boundary condition are difficult to analyse and evaluate in the terms of strain, stress, displacement and reaction forces by using theoretical methods. A given modal can be analysed by using Finite Element Method easily with the help of computer software ABAQUS CAE and can get approximate solutions. This report is about modelling two dimensional and three dimensional analyses with the ABAQUS CAE for plane stress, plane strain, shell, and beam and 3d solid modal elements.
In the recent years the development in communication systems requires the development of low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a micro strip patch antennas. Nowadays Evolutionary Computation has its growth to extent. Generally electromagnetic optimization problems generally involve a large number of parameters. Synthesis of non-uniform linear antenna arrays is one of the most important electromagnetic optimization problems of the current interest.
IRJET- Improving the Geotechnical Property of Expansive Soil through Marb...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on improving the geotechnical properties of expansive soil through the addition of marble dust and lime. Expansive soils cause damage to structures through shrinking and swelling as moisture levels change. The study identified expansive soils in Ethiopia through field testing. Laboratory tests were conducted on soil samples mixed with varying percentages of marble dust (0-30%) and small amounts of lime (1-3%). The results showed that adding marble dust and lime significantly improved the geotechnical properties of the expansive soils by reducing plasticity, swelling, and optimum moisture content while increasing maximum dry density and California Bearing Ratio values. Therefore, using lime and marble dust can effectively stabilize expansive soils and improve their suit
1. The document presents the results of an experimental study to stabilize expansive soils from Jimma, Ethiopia using mixtures of pumice and lime for subgrade road construction.
2. Laboratory tests found that the pumice contained high levels of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide meeting standards for pozzolanic materials. Mixing lime and pumice reduced the plasticity index and increased the strength of expansive soils as measured by their California Bearing Ratio.
3. The optimum mix ratio found was 7% lime and 3% pumice, which decreased plasticity and increased the maximum dry density and bearing capacity of the soils making them suitable for use as subgrade material.
Concrete Made with Dune Sand Overview of Fresh, Mechanical and Durability Pro...Shakerqaidi
This document provides an overview of a review article that examines the use of dune sand as an alternative material for concrete production. The review considers the physical and chemical properties of dune sand, including its small particle size, high silica content, and poor grading. It also evaluates the effects of using dune sand on the fresh, mechanical, and durability properties of concrete, such as slump, compressive strength, cracking behavior, density, water absorption, and sulfate resistance. The review finds that dune sand can be used in concrete up to 40% without negatively impacting strength or durability. It identifies knowledge gaps around the complete substitution of dune sand and provides recommendations for future research.
IRJET- Improving SBC of Sandy Soil by Cement Grouting TechniqueIRJET Journal
This document discusses improving the shear strength of sandy soil through cement grouting. It presents the results of direct shear and compression tests on sandy soil samples grouted with 2-8% cement by weight. The following key points are made:
- Shear strength and compressive strength of sandy soil increases with increasing cement content and curing time, with the highest improvements seen at 8% cement and 28 days of curing.
- Increasing the initial water content of the grout mixture decreases the strength improvements seen, with a more pronounced effect at higher cement contents.
- Compression testing provides an easier means to evaluate load capacity compared to direct shear testing, especially at higher cement contents.
- The
Study on Effect of Fly Ash on Strength Characteristics of Black Cotton SoilIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the effect of adding fly ash on the strength characteristics of black cotton soil. Black cotton soil is problematic for construction due to its high plasticity and shrink-swell potential. The study involved mixing black cotton soil with varying percentages of fly ash (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) and testing the mixtures to determine the impact on soil properties. The tests showed that with increasing fly ash content, the liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of the soil decreased, while optimum moisture content and maximum dry density increased, indicating improved engineering behavior. The differential free swell and California Bearing Ratio, measures of swelling potential and load-bearing capacity, also improved with higher fly ash
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of River Sand, M-Sand and Quarry SandIRJET Journal
The document presents a comparative analysis of river sand, manufactured sand (M-sand), and quarry sand for use as fine aggregates in concrete. A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete mixtures made with 100% replacement of river sand with M-sand and quarry sand. The results showed that at 28 days, M-sand concrete achieved higher strengths than river sand concrete, indicating that natural sand can be fully replaced with M-sand in concrete.
CORROSION OF STEEL IN EMBEDDED CONCRETE WITH VOLCANIC AGGREGATES DUE TO SULFA...IAEME Publication
This document discusses corrosion of steel in volcanic aggregate concrete due to sulfate attack. It presents results from experiments conducted to study the properties of volcanic concrete systems with partial replacement of river sand with granite rock powder. Compression strength, corrosion potential, and polarization resistance tests showed that concrete with 30% river sand replacement had higher resistance to sulfate attack compared to no replacement. The reduced permeability of this concrete mixture could lead to reduced corrosion of steel reinforcement and increased structure durability. A series of tests were performed on concrete mixtures with various river sand to granite powder ratios to evaluate properties like workability, strength, weight loss, and corrosion potential when exposed to sulfate solutions.
This document summarizes a study on the use of stone waste materials in construction. It finds that up to 30% replacement of natural aggregates with stone chips in concrete is economically viable and reduces waste. Stone waste can also be used to make floor finishes, bricks, tiles, and composites. The document also examines using vetiver grass to rehabilitate mine tailings and stabilize dump yard slopes, noting its strong root system and tolerance of various soil conditions.
Environmental Factors Affecting Dimensional Stone QuarryingSushant Kumar
This document summarizes a study on the use of stone waste materials in construction. It finds that up to 30% replacement of natural aggregates with stone chips in concrete is economically viable and reduces waste. Stone waste can also be used to make floor finishes, bricks, tiles, and composites. The document also examines using vetiver grass to rehabilitate mine tailings and stabilize dump yard slopes, noting its strong root system and tolerance of various soil conditions.
This document reviews the use of manufactured sand as a replacement for natural sand in concrete. It discusses the fresh, hardened, and durability properties of concrete made with manufactured sand with and without mineral admixtures. Several studies have found that manufactured sand concrete can achieve comparable or improved strength and durability compared to natural sand concrete. The workability of concrete decreases with higher replacements of manufactured sand due to its angular shape and texture, but workability can be improved with the use of admixtures. Mineral admixtures like fly ash, GGBS, and bagasse ash can further improve the properties when used with manufactured sand concrete.
Experimental Study on Variation of Compaction Characteristics of a Lime Stabi...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents an experimental study on the effect of adding lime on the compaction characteristics of clayey soil collected from Solina, Srinagar, India.
2) Laboratory tests found the soil to be high plasticity silty clay/sandy silt, making it unsuitable for construction without treatment.
3) Lime was added to the soil in increments of 0-9% by dry weight. Testing showed that lime can improve the engineering properties of the soil, including increasing the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density from compaction.
Effect of Fineness Modulus of Manufactured Sand on Mechanical Properties of S...RSIS International
Self compacting concrete (SCC) is one of the innovative construction material based on the performance in both fresh and hardened state. Due to over consumption of natural river sand deposits creating several environmental issues, as an alternate manufactured sand (MSand) are being used as fine aggregate in place of natural river sand. This research is mainly concentrated on gradation of fine aggregate to get required quality by examine the effect of different fineness modulus (FM) of MSand (2.5, 2.7 and 2.9) on the mechanical properties of SCC with blending of binding materials as SCC_25FA_10SF; SCC_25FA_10SF and SCC_25FA_5SF_5MK. The test methods that were conducted are compressive strength and split tensile strength for curing periods of 7,28 and 90 days. Results showed that the strength values of SCC with FM value of 2.7 gave better results than other FM values. Hence, it is revealed that proper gradation of finer and coarser fractions of MSand has to be maintained to obtain desired strength in SCC at hardened state.
A Study on the Performance of Crusher Dust In Place Of Sand and Red Soil as A...IOSR Journals
Crusher dust as a geotechnical material for its bulk utilization in construction activities and to assess
its performance tests like compaction, strength have been performed to suit as a fill and sub-grade material in
place of sand and natural soil. Parameters like density, angle of shearing resistance, CBR, drainage, etc., were
performed. From the test results it was identified that crusher dust achieved higher densities and maintained
high shearing resistance value with wider variation of moisture contents. By attaining high CBR, strength,
drainage as that of sand, crusher dust can be used as an alternative material in geotechnical activities.
SETTLEMENT POTENTIALITY ANALYSIS OF CLAY SOILS, NORTH JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIAIAEME Publication
This document summarizes the settlement potential analysis of clay soils in North Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Twenty boreholes were drilled and 24 undisturbed soil samples were collected from depths of 35-40 meters. The samples were classified as high plasticity clays (CH) and inorganic silts of high compressibility (MH). Consolidation tests were performed to determine coefficients of volume change, compression index, and expansion index. The coefficients of volume change ranged from 0.00305-0.02 cm2/gm for clays and 0.00263-0.08389 cm2/gm for silts. Compression indices ranged from 0.10426-0.3547 for clays and
Utilization of Industrial and Agricultural Byproducts for Enhancement of Geot...IRJET Journal
This document discusses utilizing industrial and agricultural byproducts to enhance the geotechnical properties of road soil subgrade. Specifically, it examines using marble waste powder, ceramic waste powder, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, fly ash, granular blast furnace slag, and copper slag as admixtures to stabilize expansive black cotton soil. Black cotton soil has poor load bearing capacity and high swelling/shrinkage that can damage civil engineering structures. The study aims to investigate how these industrial waste materials can improve the index properties, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, and soaked California bearing ratio of expansive soil to make it suitable for road subgrade construction. Utilizing these industrial byproducts provides
IRJET- Effect of Fly Ash and Nano Calcium Silicates in Clayey Soil Used as Cl...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a mixture of locally available clayey soil, fly ash, and nano calcium silicate as a potential landfill liner material. Laboratory tests were conducted to analyze the properties of the soil mixtures with varying percentages of fly ash (2-10%) and nano calcium silicate (0.2-1%). The results found that adding 6% fly ash produced the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for the soil. Additional tests determined that incorporating nano calcium silicate into the soil-fly ash mixture further improved strength characteristics by filling voids and promoting pozzolanic reactions. The study aims to develop an affordable landfill liner material using industrial and local waste products that meets specifications for low hydraulic conductivity and strength.
Roll no-09,Assignment no-4,Paper-1.pptxavadhutgade3
This document discusses sand mining and the use of manufactured sand (M-sand) as an alternative. It outlines the drawbacks of sand mining, such as riverbank collapse and increased erosion. M-sand is introduced as a substitute made from crushed stone that has advantages like reduced costs and greater durability. The conclusion recommends regulating sand mining and rehabilitating mined areas, while using M-sand can help address the scarcity of river sand and prevent environmental problems from excessive mining.
A LABORATORY STUDY ON THE STABILIZATION OF SOIL USING STONE DUST, BLACK SOIL,...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a laboratory study on stabilizing black soil using stone dust, rice husk ash, and their combinations. Standard Proctor tests were conducted to determine the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of the soil mixtures. Unconfined compressive strength tests and California bearing ratio tests found that adding stone dust and rice husk ash to the black soil increased its strength properties. Specifically, mixing the soil with 9% stone dust and 12% rice husk ash yielded the highest maximum dry density and significantly enhanced the soil's compressive strength and bearing capacity. The study aims to utilize locally available and low-cost materials like stone dust and rice husk ash for soil stabilization as an alternative to expensive stabilizers.
This document discusses the use of urea-formaldehyde resin to stabilize sandy soils. It presents results from laboratory tests that evaluated how urea-formaldehyde resin can improve the strength and engineering properties of different types of sands. The tests examined properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, bearing capacity, density, water absorption and abrasion resistance. The results showed the urea-formaldehyde resin increased the strength of the sands and allowed them to support traffic loads. Properties like density, bearing capacity and durability were also improved by adding the resin to the sands.
IRJET- Study on Stabilization of Soil using Stone DustIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the use of stone dust to stabilize soil. It discusses how stone dust is a waste material from quarrying that can be used beneficially. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the properties of stone dust and its effectiveness as a soil stabilizer. Tests showed that stone dust can increase the bearing capacity and strength of soils. The stone dust improves the stability of the soil and reduces issues like dust and changes in volume due to temperature or moisture. Overall, the study demonstrates that stone dust is a viable, economical option for soil stabilization.
Similar to EVALUATING THE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF SANDY BRICKS MADE WITH DUNE SANDS, JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
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Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator ManualMassimo Talia
The aim of this manual is to explain the
methodology behind the Levelized Cost of
Hydrogen (LCOH) calculator. Moreover, this
manual also demonstrates how the calculator
can be used for estimating the expenses associated with hydrogen production in Europe
using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
2. Evaluating The Engineering Properties of Sandy Bricks Made with Dune Sands, Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia: An Experimental Study
http://iaeme.com/ijaret/index.asp 15 editor@iaeme.com
processes than others, cause specific geotechnical problems, and increase
desertification. Regionally, the dune areas are restricted to wadi courses that cut
through the Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Arabian Shield [1].
In Saudi Arabia, 36.9% of the Kingdom is covered with dune sand (More than
800,000 km2
of Saudi Arabia covered by desert sands [2]. The majority of sand dunes
and sand sheets were concentrated in the South eastern as well as eastern regions
especially in Al Rub Al Khali sand sea [3-9]. In the western regions of the Saudi
Kingdom, most of the sand dunes and sand sheets are concentrated in Arabian Shield
and along coastal areas of the Red Sea (Fig. 1). These sand dunes are dynamic
elements of the landscape. Also, these dunes grow and migrate causing geo-
environmental hazards facing the Saudi Arabia Kingdom due the expansion of cities,
roads, power lines and communication lines.
So geo-environmental hazards have taken place in these urban areas and road
construction due to the presence of accumulations of drifting sand dunes. Drifting
sand and dune movement are some of the most serious natural problems facing the
Arabian Peninsula due to the expansion of cities, roads, industries, and agricultural
development. The problem of sand drifting and dune migration is of special interest
in Saudi Arabia as approximately 30% of the country is covered by moving sand If
not controlled movement of sand dunes creates problems for residential areas, roads,
power lines and pipelines [1, 10].
Serious geo-environmental hazards in the urban areas and roads construction were
recorded in the studied area owing to accumulations and migration of sand dunes
(Figs. 1 and 2). In these desert regions, there is an abundance of very fine natural sand
known as dune sand. In the same time, these desert areas involve construction works
that require a lot of aggregates. Because of the remoteness of the construction sites in
these areas from aggregate production quarries, transporting the aggregates becomes
expensive and uneconomical. In addition, engineers are faced with a more restricted
choice of materials in these regions [1, 11-12].
Figure 1 Field panoramic photograph shows vast flat areas which covered by dune sands and
aeolian sands sheets
3. Dr. Abdulelah A. Bahabri
http://iaeme.com/ijaret/index.asp 16 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 2 Field photograph shows sand dunes migration towards urban areas, power lines and
Jeddah- Makkah asphaltic road
The study area locates in area between Jeddah and Makkah which considered as
one of the most important, strategic, promising and attracting investment part of the
Saudi Kingdom, It is expected in future a lot of new population centers, roads,
railways will be done to more link these two cities. These constructions need huge
qualities of fine aggregates, so sand dunes can be considered as natural local source of
fine aggregate. So, geo-environmental hazards of active dune sands can be minimize.
These fine aggregates make as a major component in concrete, mortar, and sandy
brick mixes. The mechanical properties of these mixes are affected by the strength of
the dune sands-cement-aggregate bond and by other factors such as texture and
soundness of these components. This work can be considered a model which could be
generalized.
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
The fine aggregates of dune sands which used in this work were collected from dune
sands along Jeddah-Makkah asphaltic road (N 21° 22¯ N, 39° 29¯ E, Fig. 1). As well
as fine crushed aggregates were collected from a nearby crusher in north Jeddah near
Breman Bridge of diorite rocks (21° 55¯ N, 39° 17¯E). Both dune sands and fine
crushed aggregate samples were subjected to several physically and mechanical testis
in laboratories of Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University. The physical
tests including sieve analysis; specific gravity; absorption; fineness modulus; sand
equivalency. Sieve analysis and fineness modulus tests were done in accordance with
[13]. The specific gravity and absorption tests were carried out in accordance with
[14]. Also, the textural characteristics of natural and crushed fine aggregates
(roundness degree) were counted using binocular microscope, whereas roundness
degree was determined for 100 particles using the visual chart of [15]. In addition, to
evaluate the suitability of dune sands for sand-cement bricks, fine aggregates of dune
sands were mixed with different percentages varying from 10% to 100% of the total
content of fine aggregates as listed in table 4. The compressive strength tests, fcu (28
days), were carried out on 75mmx150mm specimens in accordance with [16].
4. Evaluating The Engineering Properties of Sandy Bricks Made with Dune Sands, Jeddah,
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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Grain size
From sedimentological point of view, the grain size analysis dune sands had been
used to deduce their depositional environments characteristics. The dune sands
usually are characterized by well sorting. From geotechnical point of view, grain size
distribution of fine aggregates has a significant influence on the mechanical of both
harden and fresh bricks.
Figure 3 shows the grain size distribution curves of the studied fine aggregates
(dune sands and crushed fine aggregates) which have been used in all tests of brick
mixes. The dune sands samples are predominantly coarse sand, medium sand and fine
sand with average values 1.344%, 21.02% and 76.04% respectively with scarcely
percent of fines (silt and clay-sizes particles) around 1% (Table 1). The studied dune
sands in different sites are characterized by unimodal distributions and were classified
according to [17] as poorly graded sand (SP). The coefficient of uniformity (CU)
values of the studied dune sands varies from 2.0% to 2.2%, while the values of
coefficient of curvature (CC) fluctuates range from 1.14% to 1.16% (Table 1).
Figure 3 Grain size distribution curves of the studied fine aggregates
The fineness modulus (FM) values of the studied dune sand samples ranges from
0.96 to 0.99 (Table 1). That means the studied dune sands do not meet the limits for
fine aggregate gradations in the specified standards. So, it is necessary to improve
gradation of these dune sands by mixing them with well graded crushed fine
aggregates to produce an acceptable level of gradation in brick mixes.
Consequently, this mixture of different-sized particles of fine aggregates (dune
sands and fine crushed aggregate) will be enough stronger than those that are
uniformly graded [18]. The fineness modulus (FM) of fine crushed aggregates is the
most commonly computed factor for fine aggregates, which is used to determine the
degree of uniformity of the aggregate gradation. The Fineness modulus (FM) value of
the studied fine crushed aggregates is 2.6 (Table 2).
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Grain size (log scale mm)
Finer(%)
Dune Sands Crushed Fine Aggregates
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3.2. Specific gravity (GS)
Specific gravity of aggregates can be used as useful indicator of the suitability of
these aggregates. Also, the specific gravity determination of aggregates is essential
during the design stage of structural elements to establish the bricks maximum and
minimum weights. Very low specific gravity an aggregate means that, it is porous,
weak and absorptive. The specific gravity of the studied dune sands ranges from
2.48g/cm3
to 2.49g/cm3
(Table 1). That means the specific gravity of the studied dune
sands meets the standard characteristics of fine aggregates [19]. The specific gravity
of fine crushed aggregate is 2.81g/cm3
(Table 2).
3.3. Absorption
The aggregates with very higher absorption values generally develop lower strength
bonds and produce less durable bricks than those with a slightly higher absorption
[20]. Aggregates with a high absorption value will absorb greater amounts of the
cement into the aggregate and thus increase costs. The absorption values of the
studied aggregates are 0.82% - 0.86% and 0.72% for dune sands and fine crushed
aggregates respectively (Tables 1 and 2). These results indicate that the studied
aggregates have standard limits for fine aggregates absorption.
3.4. Clay content (Sand Equivalent)
Sometimes, the natural fine aggregates contain harmful and destructive deleterious
components (clay-sized and organic materials, minus 75μm). These materials are
mostly cause lower strength and durability as well as affecting the bond between the
cement and the aggregate [21-23].
In the case of continental (inland) dunes are mostly consists of sand-sized
particles, whereas silt-sized particles are usually found attached on the surface of dune
sands. Finer (clay-sized) particles are usually rare that owing to the wind often not
picked up the clay-sized particles which occurred as mutual unity with each other or
the wind will lift the clay particles up within the atmosphere [24]. The sand equivalent
value of the studied dune sands varies from 96% to 97% (Table 1). This means that
the studied fine aggregate contains negligible amounts of destructive deleterious
components (clay-sized materials, minus 75μm).
3.5. Textural characteristics
3.5.1. Roundness degree of fine aggregates
The textural characteristics (shape and roundness) of fine aggregates have an
important effect on workability (fresh brick mix), strength and durability (hardened
brick mix). Rounded and poorly graded grains tend to have higher void content than
angular and well graded ones. So that, angular particles of aggregates tend to more
packed, strength and durability in hardened mix of sand-cement bricks. The degrees
of roundness of a particle means the sharpness of its edges and corners [25].
The studied fine crushed aggregates are mainly consists of equant and angular
particles (Fig. 4), that means the grains need less cement paste and less water content
for acceptable degree of workability of bricks. This view agrees with opinion of many
researchers
[26-27]. Generally, the studied fine aggregates of sand dunes are more rounded
than fine crushed aggregates (Fig. 4). So that, the crushed fine aggregates of angular
6. Evaluating The Engineering Properties of Sandy Bricks Made with Dune Sands, Jeddah,
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grains will produce more compacted and more strength bricks than fine natural
aggregates.
Figure 4 Roundness degree of the studied fine aggregates
3.6. Mineralogy and chemical stability of the studied dune sands
The mineral composition as well as chemical stability of aggregates plays an effective
role in the strength and permanence of the bond between the cement and aggregate of
brick mixtures. In most cases, aggregates contain certain active and harmful
constituents (active silica, carbonates, sulfates, hydroxides and chlorides) that can
react (alkali-aggregates reaction (AAR) with cement of brick mixes. Consequently,
over a lengthy period of time the alkali-aggregates reaction (AAR) reaction will effect
negatively on the strength and durability of hardened bricks. The alkali-aggregate
reaction has two forms: alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and alkali-carbonate reaction
(ACR).
The alkali–carbonate reaction (ACR) will be happened when aggregates contain
active carbonates aggregates (e..g. dolomite). The brucite (Mg (OH)2) and calcite
(CaCO3) will produce owing to the reaction between alkalis of cement and dolomite
of aggregate. Brucite could be responsible for the volumetric expansion after de-
dolomotisation of the aggregate, due to absorption of water [28]
222323 )(2)( CONabruciteOHMgcalciteCaCONaOHdolomiteHCOCaMg (1)
Alkali silica reaction (ASR) is a destructive chemical reaction between the
alkaline of cement paste and active silica of aggregates. This reaction will form alkali
silica gel and then causing expansion cracks in sand-cement bricks [29]. When
sodium chloride is present in the aggregates or mix water, the tricalcium aluminate in
Portland cement may react with the chloride, taking some of the chloride out of the
solution with the separation of sodium ions in solution. Similar enhancement of
alkalies has also been found to occur for sulphates and for nitrates [30].
Table 1 Basic physical characteristic of the dune sands of the studied
Sample
No.
Relative abundance of size fractions (%)
CU CC
USCS-
Type
FM
Sand
equivalent
(%)
Specific
gravity
(gm/cm3
)
Abs.
Coarse
Sand
(4.72–
2.0 mm)
Medium
Sand
(2.0–0.42
mm)
Fine
Sand
(0.42–
0.075
mm)
Silt +
Clay
(<0.075
mm)
1 1.3 20.5 76.4 1.8 2 1.15 SP 0.98 97 2.48 0.83
2 1.4 21.1 76 1.5 2.1 1.14 SP 0.99 96 2.49 0.82
3 1.5 22.2 74.9 1.4 2.2 1.16 SP 0.97 97 2.48 0.84
4 1.3 20.2 77 1.5 2.15 1.16 SP 0.96 96 2.49 0.86
5 1.2 21.1 75.9 1.8 2.2 1.15 SP 0.98 97 2.49 0.82
0
10
20
30
40
50
Percent(%)
Crushed Fine Aggregate 42.3 29.7 21 5 2 0
Dune Sands 6.7 8.7 16.4 16.7 20.4 31.1
Very
Angualr
Angular
Sub-
angular
Sub-
rounded
Rounded
Well
Rounded
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Table 2 Some physical characteristics of the studied fine crushed aggregates
FM Specific Gravity (gm/cm3
) Absorption (%)
2.6 2.81 0.72
Table 3 Basic physical characteristic of the dune sands of the studied
Sam
ple
No
Minerals Composition (%)
pH
Chemical characteristics (ppm)
Quartz (Qz)
Rock Fragments
(RF)
Feldspars
(F)
TDS CaCO32– SO
42–
Na(O
H)− Ca(OH)2−
Cl−
1 80 14 6 7.8 495 123 34 7 6 13
2 81 15 4 7.6 497 128 36 4 4 14
3 82 11 7 7.6 511 135 34 7 6 15
4 83 4 13 7.7 498 154 38 4 5 14
5 85 5 10 7.5 511 135 34 0 5 16
In consequence, these chemical reactions may lead to expansive reaction products
such as ettringite. In turn, the ettringite may cause the overall expansion of a structural
element and its extensive damage progressing from the outer surface towards the
specimen inner core [31]. This process may result in a gradual loss of bricks
accompanied by surface spalling and exfoliation [32]. The newly produced gypsum
can react with some alumina-bearing phases like unhydrated tricalcium aluminate
(3CaO∙Al2O3) or hydrated calcium sulfoaluminate (monosulphate) to form ettringite
[33].
NaOHgypsumOHCaSOOHSONaOHCa 2)(2.2)( 242422 (2)
)(32.3..326)2.(3O3CaO.Al 243222432 ettrigniteOHCaSOOAlCaOOHOHCaSO (3)
The results of mineralogical composition and chemical analysis of the studied
dune sands are given in table 3 and X-ray charts (Fig. 5) of the studied dune sands
indicated that, these fine aggregates are composed mainly of quartz (88%), feldspars
(9%) and negligible amount of carbonates (2.2 %). Also, the petrographical analyses
pointed out dominance of un-active quartz (> 83%, Table 3).
The chemical agents which are normally aggressive to sand-cement bricks are
sulfates and chlorides. The total dissolved salts (TDS) values of the studied samples
range from 495 to 522ppm. The average values of sulfates and chlorides are very
small and nearly negligible, whereas calcium carbonate values are variable with a
value of 139ppm. Accordingly, sulfates, (SO4)2–
were recorded with an average value
of 34ppm. Also, magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium hydroxides were
recorded with scarce concentrations (Table 3).
From brick strength and durability point of view, the above-mentioned
mineralogical and chemical results indicate no harmful contaminants within the
studied dune sand aggregates which react adversely when used as brick fine
aggregates.
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Figure 5 X-ray diffraction of studied fine aggregates of dune sands
4. UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
The compressive strength of sand-cement bricks is one of the most common
measuring which usually used to evaluate performance of mechanical properties of
sand-cement bricks which controlled mainly by the strength of the cement–aggregate
bond and cement-water-aggregates ratio as well as by degree of compaction. Round,
smooth sands require less mixing water in cement bricks thus produce better strength
at the same cement content because a lower water/cement ratio can be used. Angular
sands, in addition to requiring more mixing water, may not be workable enough for
applications such as workability of green or fresh brick [34-36].
The type of fine aggregate has a significant influence on both rheological and
mechanical properties of sand-cement bricks [37-38]. On the other hand, surface
texture has a significant effect on strength, as rough surfaces enhance the bond
between particles and paste, thus increasing strength [39]. The uniaxial compressive
strength was measured by breaking bricks specimens (7.5x7.5x15.0cm) in a
compressive testing machine. The compressive strength was calculated from the
failure load divided by the cross-sectional area resisting the load and repeated in units
of megapascals.
Figure 6 shows the compressive strength values for mix within 28 days. These
values show that the strength of sand-cement bricks are generally decreasing with
increasing dune sands percent. This decrease in strength may have resulted from
increasing surface area of the natural fine aggregates which was characterized by high
surface area owing to its higher roundness degree. It is clearly found that the
compressive strength values of the studied sand-cement bricks have decreases
abruptly at 70% mixture percent (Fig. 6).
Figure 6 shows effect of fine aggregate content of dune sands on the compressive strength of
sand-cement bricks mix after 28 days
0
5
10
15
20
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Dune Sands (%)
UCS(MPa)
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5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Based on the results of this experimental study, the following conclusions could be
drawn:
1. Both percent of fine aggregate as well as its textural characteristics has an effective
role hardened sand-cement brick properties.
2. The results of unconfined compressive strength test of the studied brick mixture
indicated that the mechanical properties of hardened bricks do not depend only on the
percent of fine aggregate but also depend side by side on the textural characteristics of
fine aggregate.
3. Based on the results obtained in this study, dune sands can be used as fine
aggregates in sand-cement bricks mixtures (until 70% of dune sands) whenever
suitable sand resources are not economically available.
Table 4 Weight-design of sand-cement bricks mixes and dune sands used ratio
Trial
No.
Water
(%)
Cement
(%)
Fine aggregate (%) Dune sands
/ Crushed
fine
aggregate
(%)
Uniaxial
compressive
strength
(28-days,
MPa)
Dune
sands
(%)
Crushed
fine
aggregate
(%)
1 33.33 16.67 5 45 10 18.61
2 33.33 16.67 10 40 20 17.47
3 33.33 16.67 15 35 30 16.15
4 33.33 16.67 20 30 40 15.66
5 33.33 16.67 25 25 50 15.09
6 33.33 16.67 30 20 60 14.10
7 33.33 16.67 35 15 70 9.35
8 33.33 16.67 40 10 80 7.95
9 33.33 16.67 45 5 90 5.49
10 33.33 16.67 50 0 100 5.25
Mix
ratio
2 1 3
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