Modals with complicated geometry, complex loads and boundary condition are difficult to analyse and evaluate in the terms of strain, stress, displacement and reaction forces by using theoretical methods. A given modal can be analysed by using Finite Element Method easily with the help of computer software ABAQUS CAE and can get approximate solutions. This report is about modelling two dimensional and three dimensional analyses with the ABAQUS CAE for plane stress, plane strain, shell, and beam and 3d solid modal elements.
Adaptive Control strategies helps to get desirable output for system with partial unknown dynamics or systems having unknown and unmodeled load variation. DC servo motors are useful to track rapid speed trajectory for various applications, particularly with need of high starting torque and low inertia. Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) parameter data of results with Lyapunov stability MRAC has been used to generate adaptation parameter for DC motor speed controller.
CONCEPT OF FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING FOR TRUSSES AND BEAMS USING ABAQUSIAEME Publication
Abaqus is one of the powerful engineering software programs which are based on the finite element method. The Abaqus can solve wide range of pr oblems from linear to nonlinear analyses. Abaqus is widely used in many sectors like automotive and mechanical industries for design and development of FEM products. The finite element method is a numerical technique for finding approximate solutions for d ifferential and integral equations. The finite element word was coined by Clough in 1960. In 1960s, engineers used the method for solving the problems in stress analysis, strain analysis, heat and fluid transfer, and other region. Abaqus CAE can provide a simple creating model, submitting the modal, monitoring, and evaluating result and then can also compare with theoretical calculation.
Adaptive Control strategies helps to get desirable output for system with partial unknown dynamics or systems having unknown and unmodeled load variation. DC servo motors are useful to track rapid speed trajectory for various applications, particularly with need of high starting torque and low inertia. Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) parameter data of results with Lyapunov stability MRAC has been used to generate adaptation parameter for DC motor speed controller.
CONCEPT OF FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING FOR TRUSSES AND BEAMS USING ABAQUSIAEME Publication
Abaqus is one of the powerful engineering software programs which are based on the finite element method. The Abaqus can solve wide range of pr oblems from linear to nonlinear analyses. Abaqus is widely used in many sectors like automotive and mechanical industries for design and development of FEM products. The finite element method is a numerical technique for finding approximate solutions for d ifferential and integral equations. The finite element word was coined by Clough in 1960. In 1960s, engineers used the method for solving the problems in stress analysis, strain analysis, heat and fluid transfer, and other region. Abaqus CAE can provide a simple creating model, submitting the modal, monitoring, and evaluating result and then can also compare with theoretical calculation.
hello everyone!
This is an example of how to make an industrial report for your college. By getting through this report you can easily make your own report.
This will help all those who spend a lot of time in browsing or for formats on how to make reports for their industrial training.
I am sure that after watching this report you will get a brief idea on how to make your own one and make it look attractive and purposeful.
Thank You!
Multibody dynamic analysis of mechanism for health excescise vibratoreSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Low cost Real Time Centralized Speed Control of DC Motor Using Lab View -NI U...IJPEDS-IAES
DC motors are an outstanding portion of apparatus used in automotive and automation industrial applications requiring variable speed and load characteristics, due to its ease of controllability. Creating an interface control system for multi DC motor drive operations with centralized speed control, from small-scale models to large industrial applications is in much demand. By using Lab VIEW (laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench) as the motor controller, we can control a DC motor for multiple purposes using single software environment. The aim of this paper is to propose the centralized speed control of DC motor using Lab VIEW. Here, Lab VIEW is used for simulating the motor, whereas the input armature voltage of the DC motor is controlled using a virtual Knob in Lab VIEW software. The hardware part of the system (DC motor) and the software (in personal computer) are interfaced using a data acquisition card (DAQ) -Model PCI- 6024E. The voltage and Speed response is obtained using LABVIEW software. Using this software, the speed of a group of motors can be controlled from different locations using remote telemetry. The proposed work also focuses on controlling the speed of the individual DC motor using PWM scheme (Duty cycle based Square wave generation) and DAQ. With the help of the DAQ along with Lab VIEW front panel window, the DC motor speed and directions can be changed easily in remote way. In order to test the proposed system the laboratory model for an80W DC motor group (multi drive) is developed for different angular displacements and directions of the motor. The simulation model and experimental results conforms the advantages and robustness of the proposed centralized speed control.
Positioning Error Analysis and Compensation of Differential Precision WorkbenchIJRES Journal
Positioning error is a widely problem exists in mechanism, the important factors affecting machining
precision. In order to reduce the error caused by positioning problem processing, based on the differential
workbench as the research object, using the method of theoretical analysis and experimental verification, the
analysis of positioning error mechanism and source of complete differential precision workbench error
compensation, improve the accuracy of the device, provides a method for the application of modern machine
tools. table.
Solid Modeling Assignment EGR 201-100 Spring 2018 .docxwhitneyleman54422
Solid Modeling Assignment
EGR 201-100
Spring 2018
Extra Credit Value: Equal to 2 homework assignments or in-class quizzes.
Due Date: March 19th by Midnight.
Assignment:
1) Using CAD (computer aided design) software, reproduce the four technical drawings.
2) Complete the survey.
3) Submit documents by email to [email protected]
Note: if you have access to Solidworks or another program and wish to use it instead, then produce the
four technical drawings and turn them in for full credit. You don’t have to use FreeCAD.
Note: the survey is part of the grade, so make sure you fill it out.
Table of Contents
Purpose of this Assignment .................................................................................................... 2
Background on Solid Modeling ............................................................................................... 2
Software Installation ............................................................................................................. 3
Assignment ........................................................................................................................... 4
Survey ................................................................................................................................... 8
Tutorial and Creating Part 1 ................................................................................................... 9
Step One - Base ............................................................................................................................ 10
Step Two – Top Notches ............................................................................................................... 14
Step Three - Extrusion .................................................................................................................. 17
Step Four – Center Hole ................................................................................................................ 18
Remove Duplicated Volumes ........................................................................................................ 20
Produce Technical Drawing ........................................................................................................... 20
Purpose of this Assignment
By drawing 3D models and producing technical drawings, you will learn to interpret x,y,z coordinates on
engineering drawings, such as those found in the Engineering Statics textbook.
Background on Solid Modeling
CAD software generally fit into one of two categories:
Solid modeling - modeling solid shapes (volumes). Materials are clearly defined.
Surface modeling - modeling wireframes and surfaces, which are hollow.
Solid modeling is clearly useful if we want to investigate stresses and strains in our designs. You
can draw solid volumes, assign material properties (wood, brick, steel, glass, aluminum), and then
subject them to loads. Generally, most.
hello everyone!
This is an example of how to make an industrial report for your college. By getting through this report you can easily make your own report.
This will help all those who spend a lot of time in browsing or for formats on how to make reports for their industrial training.
I am sure that after watching this report you will get a brief idea on how to make your own one and make it look attractive and purposeful.
Thank You!
Multibody dynamic analysis of mechanism for health excescise vibratoreSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Low cost Real Time Centralized Speed Control of DC Motor Using Lab View -NI U...IJPEDS-IAES
DC motors are an outstanding portion of apparatus used in automotive and automation industrial applications requiring variable speed and load characteristics, due to its ease of controllability. Creating an interface control system for multi DC motor drive operations with centralized speed control, from small-scale models to large industrial applications is in much demand. By using Lab VIEW (laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench) as the motor controller, we can control a DC motor for multiple purposes using single software environment. The aim of this paper is to propose the centralized speed control of DC motor using Lab VIEW. Here, Lab VIEW is used for simulating the motor, whereas the input armature voltage of the DC motor is controlled using a virtual Knob in Lab VIEW software. The hardware part of the system (DC motor) and the software (in personal computer) are interfaced using a data acquisition card (DAQ) -Model PCI- 6024E. The voltage and Speed response is obtained using LABVIEW software. Using this software, the speed of a group of motors can be controlled from different locations using remote telemetry. The proposed work also focuses on controlling the speed of the individual DC motor using PWM scheme (Duty cycle based Square wave generation) and DAQ. With the help of the DAQ along with Lab VIEW front panel window, the DC motor speed and directions can be changed easily in remote way. In order to test the proposed system the laboratory model for an80W DC motor group (multi drive) is developed for different angular displacements and directions of the motor. The simulation model and experimental results conforms the advantages and robustness of the proposed centralized speed control.
Positioning Error Analysis and Compensation of Differential Precision WorkbenchIJRES Journal
Positioning error is a widely problem exists in mechanism, the important factors affecting machining
precision. In order to reduce the error caused by positioning problem processing, based on the differential
workbench as the research object, using the method of theoretical analysis and experimental verification, the
analysis of positioning error mechanism and source of complete differential precision workbench error
compensation, improve the accuracy of the device, provides a method for the application of modern machine
tools. table.
Solid Modeling Assignment EGR 201-100 Spring 2018 .docxwhitneyleman54422
Solid Modeling Assignment
EGR 201-100
Spring 2018
Extra Credit Value: Equal to 2 homework assignments or in-class quizzes.
Due Date: March 19th by Midnight.
Assignment:
1) Using CAD (computer aided design) software, reproduce the four technical drawings.
2) Complete the survey.
3) Submit documents by email to [email protected]
Note: if you have access to Solidworks or another program and wish to use it instead, then produce the
four technical drawings and turn them in for full credit. You don’t have to use FreeCAD.
Note: the survey is part of the grade, so make sure you fill it out.
Table of Contents
Purpose of this Assignment .................................................................................................... 2
Background on Solid Modeling ............................................................................................... 2
Software Installation ............................................................................................................. 3
Assignment ........................................................................................................................... 4
Survey ................................................................................................................................... 8
Tutorial and Creating Part 1 ................................................................................................... 9
Step One - Base ............................................................................................................................ 10
Step Two – Top Notches ............................................................................................................... 14
Step Three - Extrusion .................................................................................................................. 17
Step Four – Center Hole ................................................................................................................ 18
Remove Duplicated Volumes ........................................................................................................ 20
Produce Technical Drawing ........................................................................................................... 20
Purpose of this Assignment
By drawing 3D models and producing technical drawings, you will learn to interpret x,y,z coordinates on
engineering drawings, such as those found in the Engineering Statics textbook.
Background on Solid Modeling
CAD software generally fit into one of two categories:
Solid modeling - modeling solid shapes (volumes). Materials are clearly defined.
Surface modeling - modeling wireframes and surfaces, which are hollow.
Solid modeling is clearly useful if we want to investigate stresses and strains in our designs. You
can draw solid volumes, assign material properties (wood, brick, steel, glass, aluminum), and then
subject them to loads. Generally, most.
Characterization of a 2D Geometry Using C++ Interfacedrboon
Problem statement: Usually, we want to represent the final computer aided drawings in a detailed characterization of the design geometry. In some cases, the final design is corrupted with additional geometry parameters, which are not part of the problem, and lack of dimensions. We need an automatic approach to resolve this issue. Approach: Here, we develop a toolkit, which integrates SIEMENS NX8 and C++, to improve the characterization process for 2D geometries. Results: We applied the tool to several different 2D cross-sections and proved that we were able to removal the unwanted parts from the geometry and apply the proper dimensions and constraints to the geometry. Conclusion: This makes the 2D geometry characterization process faster and user-friendly.
Automatic Computer-Aided Design (AutoCAD 2D) engineering drawing is an important
component in BFPD courses. This software is commonly practiced by students for the product
design process as part of the project development. However, there is a lack of quality in 2D
engineering drawing that affects the students’ prototype making process and project progression.
This paper intends to identify the problems that weakened the students' performances of the
AutoCAD 2D engineering drawings. Data were collected from the students’ examinations,
assignments, and independent projects. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with the
students.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Modeling and Simulation of Virtual Prototype of the forming Machine based on ...IJRES Journal
The virtual prototype technology was applied to mechanism designing. The modeling and dynamic of forming machine was proposed by using SolidWorksand ADAMS software. The advantage of the technology is that the product characteristics can be calculated in the design stage, and the feasible study and design of the forming machine can be completed in a virtual environment .As a result, the design quality and efficiency of the forming machine are improved, and its developing and manufacturingperiod is reduced correspondingly.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. Computational Engineering of Finite Element Modelling For Automotive Application Using
Abaqus
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 31 editor@iaeme.com
1. INTRODUCTION
Finite Element Analysis is an approach that uses mathematical approximation to
simulate geometry and load conditions. ABAQUS is powerful finite element software
for engineers which can solve linear analysis to nonlinear problems. This software
will guide engineers to simulate, analyse and evaluate the results produced by
modelling for different kinds of structures and can modify current modal. ABAQUS
software used to analyse and investigate problems for two dimensional and three
dimensional modelling with different element types based on the given theoretically
structure. Finite Element Analysis is important tool to carry out results with using
numerical method to solve engineering problems; it can solve any complex geometry.
Finite element analysis is to identify the weakness of design and validate the proper
material property required for particular modal. The ABAQUS/CAE has been
designed for finite element analysis and to simulate two dimensional and three
dimensional models for plane stress, plane strain, shell, beam and 3D model and shell
elements and analyse the results.
Objective: The objective is to analyse stresses and deformations under F1 and F2
loads and compare the model for plane stress, plane strain elements (2-D modelling),
shell element, beam element and 3D model using ABAQUS/CAE and validate the
results by comparing theoretical solution.
1.1 Requirements
1. Use the ABAQUS/CAE software to evaluate the stresses and deformations of the
given load.
2. Compare the performance and suitability for the following modelling:-
Plane stress elements
Plane strain elements
Shell elements
Beam elements
3D solid elements
3. Validate the results by comparing with the theoretical.
2. MODAL DEVELOPMENT
2.1 HAND SKETCH
3. Praveen Padagannavar
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 32 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 1 Hand sketch (full and half model)
Figure 2 Hand sketch (beam model)
2.2 STEPS FOR MODELLING AND IT’S EXPLANATIONS:
Step 1: Go to program and select Abaqus CAE then the Abaqus window will open
select for “with standard modal”.
Step 2: Start with first part “Module Part” in this module we need to modal the
frame, in this we can create, edit, and manage the part. This is functional units of
Abaqus called modules. In our case we are creating modal.
Click on part and then select part manager.
For PLANE STRESS, PLANE STRAIN MODEL In the part manager click on
create then the part create new window will open select for 2D planar modelling
space, deformable type, Shell feature and approximate size and then continue and
dismiss the previous window.
For SHELL MODEL In the part manager click on create then the part create new
window will open select for 3D planar modelling space, deformable type, Shell
feature and approximate size and then continue and dismiss the previous window.
Each node of the shell element can move in U1, U2,U3 and UR1, UR2,UR3
For BEAM In the part manager click on create then the part create new window will
open select for 2D planar modelling space, deformable type, wire feature and
approximate size and then continue and dismiss the previous window.
For 3D element In the part manager click on create then the part create new window
will open select for 3D planar modelling space, deformable type, Solid feature—
extrusion and approximate size and then continue and also add the value of depth.
Create points in the grid coordinates points then create the line by selecting the
coordinate’s points.
Then at the bottom click on done. Now we created the modal frame.
We need to create partition in the modal so that we can apply boundary condition,
forces and also important for proper meshing and its structure. The partition is created
by using datum and partition feature which is in main toolbar tools.
4. Computational Engineering of Finite Element Modelling For Automotive Application Using
Abaqus
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 33 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 3 3D, shell, beam geometry
Step 3: Select the second part that is “Property Module” in this module we need to
apply material properties to the given modal frame that is define materials, material
behaviour and define section. Assigning each material property and region the part.
Start with Material which is located at the top main menu toolbar, click on it and
then select on create. Here we are defining material.
Edit material new window box will open.
Select on mechanical, change to elasticity – elastic. Linear elastic modal is
isotropic and have elastic strain.
Put the values of Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio and then click OK. These
are parameter area to be defined.
Secondly, select Section in this feature we need to apply cross sectional of the
modal frame.
For PLANE STRESS, PLANE STRAIN MODEL: Create section dialogue box
will open then click on solid—homogeneous and continue and also put the
values of thickness.
For SHELL MODEL: Create section dialogue box will open then click on
solid—homogeneous and continue and also put the values of thickness and also
create the shell—homogeneous and continue.
For BEAM MODEL: Create section dialogue box will open then click on
beam—beam. Edit beam section window will open. Click here to create beam
profile, select rectangular profile and continue. Rectangular profile is geometric
data of rectangle solid.
For 3D MODEL: Create section dialogue box will open then click on solid—
homogeneous and continue.
Finally, select Assign and click on section and then select the region to be
assigned select entire modal frame and click Done at the bottom. Section
properties that have assigned to the part assigned automatically to all instance.
Step 4: The third part is “Assembly Module”. In our modal we have only one
assembly.
5. Praveen Padagannavar
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 34 editor@iaeme.com
Select Instance and click on create-Instance means own coordinate system.
In this new window we need to select parts and dependent instance type and click
OK. Click only OK, because if we click apply and ok means then we are creating two
instances and one is sitting behind the modal, so here is important to click only ok.
Dependent is the original part.
Step 5: The fourth part is “Step Module”
Select step which is located at the top of the toolbar and click on create. In step we
can edit or manipulate the current modal.
In this new window box change the setting to linear perturbation procedure type and
static, linear perturbation and click Continue. Linear perturbation analysis provides
linear response of the modal.
Give description to the step-1 and click Ok.
Step 6: The fifth part is “Load Module” in this module we will apply boundary
condition and load to the modal frame. Boundary condition fixes the degree of
freedom and has two types rotational and translational degree of freedom.
Select BC which is located at the top of the toolbar and click on create. Then create
boundary condition dialogue box will open and then change the settings to Initial --
mechanical category – displacement/ rotation and then click continue. Select the
region to apply BC. Displacement / rotation means holding the movement of selected
nodes dof to 0
Select the two corner points to of the modal frame.
Now it’s time to apply Load select for it which is located at the top. We should name
the load, type of load and apply.
Then click on create load, change the setting to Step-1, mechanical and concentrated
force (applied to vertices) and click continue. Concentrated force is to the nodes
Now pick up the points to apply load.
After picking the points when you click done, another window will open this window
will show the direction of the load.
Figure 4 load and boundary condition
Step 7: The sixth part is “Mesh Module” in this module we will mesh the modal
frame according to the requirement to get proper results. Mesh means converting
whole material into small network and also we can define mesh density, mesh shape
6. Computational Engineering of Finite Element Modelling For Automotive Application Using
Abaqus
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 35 editor@iaeme.com
(1 or 2 or 3 dimensional) and mesh element. The main aim of mesh is to reduce the
error while solving the results. We can also mesh by partition so that the mesh
structure will be finer and perfect shape. Mesh is created to confirm the node position
and element.
Click on Part-1
First, select seed which is located at the top and click on part and put the values of
approximate global size seeds and then click OK and Done. Seeding is used to
specify mesh density. Seeds are only located at the edges. While, putting the value we
need to select properly otherwise it will show deformation size is large error, that
time we must decrease the number.
Secondly, select Mesh and click on element type. Select the region to be assigned
element type, select the entire modal frame and click Done. We need to compare the
performance, relevance and suitability of modelling.
The new window box will open that is element type, change the settings:
Element type:
Plane stress modal – the family is plane stress.
Plane strain modal – the family is plane strain.
Plane shell modal – the family is shell and quadratic.
Beam modal – the family is beam.
Finally, again select Mesh and click on part and then click yes at the bottom mesh
the part.
Step 8: The final part is “Job Module” in this module we will submit the modal
frame for analysis and evaluation and get the results. This is the last step.
Select the Job located at the top and click on create. In this dialogue box name the
job and click continue and OK.
Again select job and click on manager and submit the job (modal frame) for
evaluation.
Check for the command “completed successfully”
Then click on results to view the results.
Then click on report which is at the top and then click on field output. Give the
location to save the abaqus.rpt, so that we can check the report.
Save the modal.
Results can also be viewed in visualisation module. We can see deformed shape,
undeformed shape and contours.
2.3 MODEL GEOMETRY DETAILS:
Load for condition (i) F1=50 and F2=0 AND (ii) F1=50 and F2=50 (Depends upon
condition)
F1 is in y- direction and F2 is in x direction
Poisson ratio v = 0.33 and E=200Gpa 200000 Mpa
Thickness = 2X, X=1.0 + 0.001*101
Thickness = 2.202mm
Full model or half model is done depending on required conditions
7. Praveen Padagannavar
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 36 editor@iaeme.com
2.4 BOUNDARY CONDITION
Roller support means fixing and making the model movable only in the x direction
and constrained at y-axis.
Fixed support means fixing in the respective x and y direction making the structure
rigid. Translational motion in axis 1 and 2 are constrained for both the nodes.
Mesh: Finite Element Method involves breaking a given structure into smaller
element with simple geometry and theoretical solution. The elements are joined to
each other at Nodes, this procedure is called Meshing. According to this paper, there
are three types of mesh element type: - (1) Linear Reduced Integration (2) Linear and
(3) Quadratic. Geometric order of the mesh elements: There are two types of mesh
elements, namely linear order and Quadratic order. Linear means first order elements
and Quadratic means second order elements.
3. ABAQUS RESULTS
3.1 Element Type: Plane Stress
Model: Full Model (case (i) F1=50, F2=0)
Figure 6 Deformation of plane stress element (full model case (i))
Table 2 Output data of plane stress element (full model case (i))
Node
Label1
U.U1 @Loc 1 U.U2 @Loc 1 E.E11@Loc 1 E.E22@Loc 1 S.S11 @ Loc 1 S.S22 @ Loc 1
48 -89.7189E-03 17.2076E-03 61.4229E-06 -19.2167E-06 12.3626 236.312E-03
Min -201.026E-03 -132.191E-03 -62.2530E-06 -61.9905E-06 -12.3626 -12.3626
Node 42 42 58 83 59 86
Max 21.5887E-03 17.2076E-03 62.2047E-06 61.9844E-06 12.3626 12.3626
Node 34 48 49 112 51 116
Total -11.0354 -2.71256 7.72109E-06 -2.10283E-06 1.57719 99.9056E-03
8. Computational Engineering of Finite Element Modelling For Automotive Application Using
Abaqus
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 37 editor@iaeme.com
The table shows the ABAQUS results that is displacement, strain components and
stress components. In order to analyse the stress we need to select top middle point
that is node label 48. The upper layer of the model is tension and bottom layer is
compression. Further, consider the nodal label 48 stress values that are S11 and
compare this value with calculated theoretical values at the same point.
3.2 Element Type: Plane Stress
Model: Full Model (case (ii) F1=50, F2=50)
Figure 7 Deformation of plane stress element (Full model case (ii))
Table 3 Output data of plane stress element (full model case (ii))
The table shows the ABAQUS results that is displacement, strain components and
stress components. In order to analyse the stress we need to select top middle point
that is node label 48. The upper layer of the model is compression and bottom layer is
tension. Further, consider the nodal label 48 stress values that is S11 and compare this
value with calculated theoretical values at the same point.
Node
Label1
U.U1 @Loc 1 U.U2 @Loc 1 E.E11@Loc 1 E.E22@Loc 1 S.S11 @ Loc 1
S.S22 @ Loc
1
48 8.80298E-03 -4.59340E-03 -25.7902E-06 8.45758E-06 -5.16199 -11.9397E-03
Min -3.37425E-03 -20.0261E-03 -65.5699E-06 -65.8945E-06 -13.1476 -13.2216
Node 27 33 106 86 258 226
Max 21.2447E-03 1.50473E-03 78.1199E-06 73.3243E-06 16.9613 15.9758
Node 19 112 231 301 231 301
Total 2.87065 -1.27619 536.124E-06 -279.710E-06 99.6117 -23.0702
9. Praveen Padagannavar
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 38 editor@iaeme.com
3.3 Element Type: Plane Strain
Model: Half Model (case (i) F1=50, F2=0)
Figure 8 Deformation of plane strain element (half model case (i))
Table 4 Output data of plane strain element (Half model case (i))
The table shows the ABAQUS results that is displacement, strain components and
stress components. In order to analyse the stress we need to select top middle point
that is node label 9. Further, consider the nodal label 9 stress value that is S11 and
compare this value with calculated theoretical values at the same point.
Node
Label1
U.U1 @Loc 1 U.U2 @Loc 1 E.E11@Loc 1 E.E22@Loc 1 S.S11 @ Loc 1 S.S22 @ Loc 1
9 -7.29777E+09 -23.5482E+09 -476.837E-09 0. -141.301E-03 -69.5959E-03
Min -7.29777E+09 -23.5482E+09 -85.8307E-06 -86.7844E-06 -19.6577 -19.4531
Node 448 374 601 162 601 162
Max 39.7986E+09 32.9674E+09 167.847E-06 115.514E-06 39.5073 27.8447
Node 770 780 576 236 576 236
Total 92.1331E+12 14.4068E+12 29.5301E-03 -18.4810E-03 6.05326E+03 -1.16646E+03
10. Computational Engineering of Finite Element Modelling For Automotive Application Using
Abaqus
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 39 editor@iaeme.com
3.4 Element Type: Plane Strain
Model: Full Model (case (ii) F1=50, F2=50)
Figure 9 Deformation of plane strain element (full model case (ii))
Table 5 Output data of plane strain element (full model case (ii))
The table shows the ABAQUS results that is displacement, strain components and
stress components. In order to analyse the stress we need to select top middle point
that is node label 48. The upper layer of the model is compression and bottom layer is
tension. Further, consider the nodal label 48 stress values that are S11 and compare
this value with calculated theoretical values at the same point.
Node
Label1
U.U1 @Loc 1 U.U2 @Loc 1 E.E11@Loc 1 E.E22@Loc 1 S.S11 @ Loc 1
S.S22 @ Loc
1
48 7.86787E-03 -4.13520E-03 -22.9843E-06 11.2756E-06 -5.16520 -13.3498E-03
Min -2.96999E-03 -17.9085E-03 -58.2581E-06 -58.4818E-06 -13.1768 -13.2484
Node 27 33 258 86 258 226
Max 18.9327E-03 1.29836E-03 66.5917E-06 62.4790E-06 17.1062 16.1314
Node 19 112 231 301 231 301
Total 2.56519 -1.14894 494.012E-06 -319.806E-06 99.7134 -22.6652
11. Praveen Padagannavar
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3.5 Element Type: Shell
Model: Half Model (case (i) F1=50, F2=0)
Figure 10 Deformation of shell element (half model case (i))
Table 6 Output data of shell element (half model case (i))
The table shows the ABAQUS results that is displacement, strain components and
stress components. In order to analyse the stress we need to select top middle point
that is node label 15. Further, consider the nodal label 15 stress values that are S11
and compare this value with calculated theoretical values at the same point.
Node
Label1
U.U1 @Loc 1 U.U2 @Loc 1 E.E11@Loc 3 E.E22@Loc 3 S.S11 @ Loc 3 S.S22 @ Loc 3
15 -3.31248E+09 -2.67484E+09 -2.06013E-06 1.45504E-06 -354.610E-03 173.987E-03
Min -3.31248E+09 -2.67484E+09 -45.3654E-06 -45.8914E-06 -9.06656 -9.16343
Node 1764 1536 204 109 204 109
Max 2.03719E+09 3.74477E+09 84.0251E-06 79.3060E-06 18.4686 17.5681
Node 1867 1868 1149 856 1149 856
Total -667.591E+09 695.458E+09 1.75692E-03 -225.538E-06 377.620 79.5071
12. Computational Engineering of Finite Element Modelling For Automotive Application Using
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3.6 Element Type: Shell
Model: Full Model (case (ii) F1=50, F2=50)
Figure 11 Deformation of shell element (full model case (ii))
Table 7 Output data of shell element (full model case (ii))
The table shows the ABAQUS results that is displacement, strain components and
stress components. In order to analyse the stress we need to select top middle point
that is node label 71. The upper layer of the model is compression and bottom layer is
tension. Further, consider the nodal label 71 stress values that are S11 and compare
this value with calculated theoretical values at the same point.
Node
Label1
U.U1 @Loc 1 U.U2 @Loc 1 E.E11@Loc 3 E.E22@Loc 3 S.S11 @ Loc 3 S.S22 @ Loc 3
71 8.83807E-03 -4.56279E-03 -25.7786E-06 8.50727E-06 -5.15570 73.3625E-06
Min -3.41915E-03 -20.3119E-03 -68.7583E-06 -69.2517E-06 -13.7846 -13.8854
Node 35 39 249 219 249 219
Max 21.6098E-03 1.52797E-03 105.182E-06 99.8439E-06 23.2439 22.1278
Node 1172 939 791 978 791 978
Total 10.9089 -4.70201 2.33775E-03 -912.499E-06 457.104 -31.6556
13. Praveen Padagannavar
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3.7 Element Type: Beam
Model: Full Model (case (i) F1=50, F2=0)
Figure 12 Deformation of Beam element (full model case (i))
Table 8 Output data of Beam element (full model case (i))
The table shows the ABAQUS results that is displacement, strain components and
stress components. In order to analyse the stress we need to select top middle point
that is node label 50. The upper layer of the model is tension and bottom layer is
compression. Further, consider the nodal label 50 stress values that are S11 and
compare this value with calculated theoretical values at the same point.
Node
Label1
U.U1 @Loc 1 U.U2 @Loc 1 E.E11@Loc 3 S.S11 @ Loc 3
50 -73.5695E-03 12.6669E-03 -92.8064E-06 -18.5613
Min -147.139E-03 -109.373E-03 -92.8064E-06 -18.5613
Node 89 8 76 76
Max 147.753E-21 12.7725E-03 5.18786E-18 1.03757E-12
Node 9 49 89 89
Total -6.54768 -1.49692 -6.58925E-03 -1.31785E+03
14. Computational Engineering of Finite Element Modelling For Automotive Application Using
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3.8 Element Type: Beam
Model: Full Model (case (ii) F1=50, F2=50)
Figure 13 Deformation of Beam element (full model case (ii))
Table 9 Output data of Beam element (full model case (ii))
The table shows the ABAQUS results that is displacement, strain components and
stress components. In order to analyse the stress we need to select top middle point
that is node label 50. The upper layer of the model is compression and bottom layer is
tension. Further, consider the nodal label 50 stress value that is S11 and compare this
value with calculated theoretical values at the same point.
Node
Label1
U.U1 @Loc 1 U.U2 @Loc 1 E.E11@Loc 3 S.S11 @ Loc 3
50 11.7168E-03 -4.22231E-03 36.0914E-06 7.21827
Min -367.162E-06 -23.5415E-03 -89.3030E-06 -17.8606
Node 23 8 3 3
Max 23.7492E-03 93.8106E-18 36.0914E-06 7.21827
Node 75 5 59 59
Total 1.04357 -385.139E-03 -1.45912E-03 -291.825
15. Praveen Padagannavar
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3.9 Element type: 3D Solid
Model: Half Model (case (i) F1=50, F2=0)
Figure 14 Deformation of 3d solid element (half model case (i))
Table 10 Output data of 3D solid element (full model case (i))
The table shows the ABAQUS results that is displacement, strain components and
stress components. In order to analyse the stress we need to select top middle point
that is node label 45. Further, consider the nodal label 45 stress values that are S11
and compare this value with calculated theoretical values at the same point.
Node
Label1
U.U1 @Loc 1 U.U2 @Loc 1 E.E11@Loc 1 E.E22@Loc 1 S.S11 @ Loc 1 S.S22 @ Loc 1
45 46.5913E-36 25.7211E-03 172.172E-06 -61.4683E-06 33.1248 -2.00910
Min -166.067E-03 -198.457E-03 -204.305E-06 -203.279E-06 -40.0039 -39.7541
Node 34 35 258 110 258 110
Max 9.62380E-03 26.0663E-03 175.976E-06 205.100E-06 33.7750 40.0031
Node 8 276 269 223 269 223
Total -30.9161 -13.1518 19.8220E-06 -3.90064E-06 4.08532 518.038E-03
16. Computational Engineering of Finite Element Modelling For Automotive Application Using
Abaqus
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3.10 Element type: 3D Solid
Model: Full Model (case (ii) F1=50, F2=50)
Figure 15 Deformation of 3d solid element (full model case (ii))
Table 11 Output data of 3D solid element (full model case (ii))
The table shows the ABAQUS results that is displacement, strain components and
stress components. In order to analyse the stress we need to select top middle point
that is node label 284. The upper layer of the model is compression and bottom layer
is tension. Further, consider the nodal label 284 stress values that are S11 and
compare this value with calculated theoretical values at the same point.
Node
Label1
U.U1 @Loc 1
U.U2 @Loc
1
E.E11@Loc 1 E.E22@Loc 1 S.S11 @ Loc 1 S.S22 @ Loc 1
284 8.16678E-03 -4.50405E-03 -21.1726E-06 8.14680E-06 -3.80248 606.446E-03
Min -3.17635E-03 -18.8591E-03 -54.0453E-06 -54.0850E-06 -9.75359 -9.76004
Node 115 23 169 235 169 235
Max 19.7896E-03 1.38045E-03 64.1838E-06 59.2142E-06 12.0111 11.0205
Node 32 131 197 127 197 127
Total 3.02545 -1.41562 535.810E-06 -352.985E-06 100.649 -33.0047
18. Computational Engineering of Finite Element Modelling For Automotive Application Using
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20. Computational Engineering of Finite Element Modelling For Automotive Application Using
Abaqus
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The calculation is done on the element point C
21. Praveen Padagannavar
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5. VALIDATION
Comparison between theoretical and ABAQUS for values Half or full
model Case (i) F1=50, F2=0
ELEMENT TYPE STRESS THEORETICAL ABAQUS (S11)
Plane stress 18.5613 Mpa 12.3626 Mpa
Plane strain 18.5613 Mpa -141.301E-03 Mpa
Shell 18.5613 Mpa -354.610E-03 Mpa
Beam 18.5613 Mpa -18.5613 Mpa
3D solid 18.5613 Mpa 33.1248 Mpa
Table 12 Theoretical and ABAQUS results for case (i) F1=50, F2=0
The table shows theoretical and ABAQUS values for the case (i) F1=50 and F2=0
for full or half model. According to theoretical calculation the stress value is
18.5613Mpa and ABAQUS results vary. In the case of beam the theoretical and
Abaqus results are same that is 18.5613. In the case of plane stress, the theoretical
stress value is 18.5613Mpa and Abaqus value is 12.3626, the values are not accurate.
Comparison between theoretical and ABAQUS values for full model Case
(ii) F1=50, F2=50
ELEMENT TYPE STRESS THEORETICAL ABAQUS (S11)
Plane Stress 6.187Mpa -5.16199 Mpa
Plane Strain 6.187Mpa -5.16520 Mpa
Shell 6.187Mpa -5.15570 Mpa
Beam 6.187Mpa 7.21827 Mpa
3D solid 6.187Mpa -3.80248 Mpa
Table 13 Theoretical and ABAQUS results for case (ii) F1=50, F2=50
The table shows theoretical and ABAQUS values for the case (ii) F1=50 and
F2=50. According to theoretical calculation the stress value is 6.187Mpa and
ABAQUS results more or less similar. In the case of beam the theoretical values is
6.187Mpa and Abaqus result is 7.21827Mpa, the values are closer. In the case of
plane stress, the theoretical stress value is 6.187Mpa and Abaqus value is -
5.16199Mpa which is almost similar.
22. Computational Engineering of Finite Element Modelling For Automotive Application Using
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Comparison between theoretical and ABAQUS values for Beam model
Case (i) F1=50, F2=0
ELEMENT TABLE BEAM THEORETICAL
BEAM ABAQUS S11
(CASE i)
16 18.56 -18.5613
17 18.56 -18.5613
18 18.56 -18.5613
19 18.56 -18.5613
20 18.56 -18.5613
21 18.56 -18.5613
22 18.56 -18.5613
23 18.56 -18.5613
24 18.56 -18.5613
25 18.56 -18.5613
Table 14 Beam Theoretical and ABAQUS results for case (i) F1=50, F2=0
The table shows theoretical and ABAQUS values for the Beam case (i) F1=50 and
F2=0 model. According to theoretical calculation, the stress value is 18.56Mpa and
ABAQUS results are -18.5613 which exactly the same is.
6. DISCUSSION
The Purpose of this paper is to compare the results from ABAQUS and theoretical
calculation. Though hand calculations are accurate but it is more complicated or
nearly impossible to do it in some cases and time consuming and also increases
computational cost. The use of ABAQUS software is much easier and reliable.
Plane stress, plane strain and beam elements were modelled in 2D analysis while
Shell and 3D Solid elements were modelled in 3D elements. Different types of 2D
and 3D elements can be selected for model analysis in ABAQUS/CAE.
It was observed that out of plane normal and shear stresses are equal to zero.
For Plane Stress elements, linear analysis was used and since 2D modelling was done
on it, it is less expensive and less time consuming than 3D or Shell elements.
Although the results were highly accurate.
For Beam Elements, transverse shear deformations were allowed since element type
for the given model was B21-linear node. This type of elements uses linear
interpolation method for analysis. Also, results were very accurate.
For 3D solid Elements, reduced integration was used. Also these elements do not
have rotational degrees of freedom. The computational time is high. Also the bending
behaviour is much stiffer.
When we have a fine mesh it is best recommended to have the reduced integration
method. In linear elements when there is no bending moment we use full integration
point method. This happens because the element has edges that are unable to curve.
The simulation gives values that are closer to the theoretical values.
Stress Distribution: the stresses are mostly distributed/induced in the middle point of
the full model because the force generated is higher in this point. The different forces
would generate different stress.
The beam element is most accurate because it is similar to the theoretical results. In
contrast, the Shell and 3D model would have relatively more error when compared
23. Praveen Padagannavar
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with the theoretical results, this is due to three components x, y, and z directions of
the displacement.
Model simplification technique is used to simplify complex structural applications.
This can be done without considering the thickness of the model and the forces can be
assumed on respective nodes. To simplify the model analysis, we use step as linear
perturbation for linear problems.
Quadratic reduced-integration is the method that does not pose locking when there
are stresses present. Thus these methods are used for simulation of stresses, strains
and displacements.
There are 2 types of shell elements, mainly linear full integration and reduced
integration of elements. By using the linear reduced integration method and
appropriately sizing the mesh distortion could be identified clearly. When the mesh is
finely created the values are more accurate. This is experienced because the elements
used here are tolerant to distortion. Shell elements are two types’ i.e. linear full and
reduced integration elements. In linear elements when bending moment is not present
we use full integration point.
The element type for structure is kept same throughout the analysis. Manual
calculations for these structures are done using theoretical and mathematical
formulas. These are then compared.
7. CONCLUSION
ABAQUS is a tool that is comprehensive and powerful that provide various analysis
of structures by changing the modelling process during designing to get different
results. This report analyses the deformations in a 2D planar, plane stress element,
plane strain element, 3D shell element, beam element and 3D solid element. The
values were manually calculated and the values were obtained by using ABAQUS.
These were compared and assessed. These values and figures are tabulated and
presented above. The simulations and calculations were performed for planar stresses,
strains and the deformation in the shell structures. As seen in the above sections the
figures clearly show sections with more stress/strain and deformations. During
analysis it was understood that the techniques chosen such as linear or quadratic could
influence the result of the analysis performed. Also different modules such as seeding,
meshing, boundary conditions etc. need to be assigned carefully to get the best results.
Compared values from ABAQUS and theoretical calculations nearly match each
other. However there was slight difference. Since calculating the stresses/strain in real
life structures is difficult and complex more accurate values could be obtained by
using FEA with quadratic element method. Thus FEM using ABAQUS helps us in
understanding the deformations and strength of the different engineering materials
used more accurately and easily.
REFERENCE
[1] Takla, M 2015, “Introduction to the finite element method”, Lecture notes at
RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
[2] Takla, M 2015, “Introduction to ABAQUS/CAE”, Lecture notes at RMIT
University, Melbourne, Australia.
[3] Abaqus Version6.7 “ABAQUS Analysis User Manual Engineering forums”