The document provides information about euthanasia, including:
- Euthanasia involves intentionally ending a life to relieve suffering, and can be active (e.g. lethal injection) or passive (e.g. withdrawing life support).
- It outlines different types like voluntary (patient consent), involuntary (without patient consent), and assisted suicide (patient self-administers lethal drugs with help).
- Laws about euthanasia vary globally, with some countries and US states legally allowing it under specific conditions like terminal illness and consent. Most religions disapprove due to beliefs that only God can end a life.
- Two cases discussed are Gloria Taylor, who fought for the right to
For our English presentation this semester, we (2nd year medical students) decided to do a research on euthanasia and its acceptance in different parts of the world.
Euthanasia is the practice of causing the death of a patient for medical reasons, such as an incurable disease associated with suffering or unbearable pain.
Euthanasia is the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma. There are different types of Euthanasia voluntary or involuntary.
For our English presentation this semester, we (2nd year medical students) decided to do a research on euthanasia and its acceptance in different parts of the world.
Euthanasia is the practice of causing the death of a patient for medical reasons, such as an incurable disease associated with suffering or unbearable pain.
Euthanasia is the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma. There are different types of Euthanasia voluntary or involuntary.
Euthanasia, also known as assisted suicide, physician-assisted suicide (dying) , doctor-assisted dying (suicide) , and more loosely termed mercy killing, basically means to take a deliberate action with the express intention of ending a life to relieve intractable (persistent, unstoppable) suffering.
Euthanasia - Types, Arguments For and AgainstTejas Shah
Euthanasia, its types, ethical and moral dilemma, arguments for and against, religious views, philosophical arguments and legal validity in different countries.
Euthanasia, also known as assisted suicide, physician-assisted suicide (dying) , doctor-assisted dying (suicide) , and more loosely termed mercy killing, basically means to take a deliberate action with the express intention of ending a life to relieve intractable (persistent, unstoppable) suffering.
Euthanasia - Types, Arguments For and AgainstTejas Shah
Euthanasia, its types, ethical and moral dilemma, arguments for and against, religious views, philosophical arguments and legal validity in different countries.
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Find In-depth Review And Infographic On Euthanasia. Learn more about Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, voluntary, non-voluntary and passive Euthanasia , Euthanasia history and legal status of Euthanasia around the world. Should the right to Euthanasia and physician-assisted death be recognized?
The Catechesis Office and Discipleship and Parish Life Office are pleased to offer A Facilitator’s Guide for The Faith We Believe: Unpacking the Creed. Please visit our website to download. We have also created this PowerPoint Presentation to accompany the Facilitator’s Guide.
We hope parish groups and others wanting to deepen their reflection on the Creed find this resource helpful.
The term “euthanasia” is derived from Greek, literally meaning “good death”. Taken in its common usage however, euthanasia refers to the termination of a person’s life, to end their suffering, usually from an incurable or terminal condition. It is for this reason that euthanasia was also coined the name “mercy killing”.
Acts of euthanasia are further categorised as “voluntary”, “involuntary” and “non-voluntary.” Voluntary euthanasia refers to euthanasia performed at the request of the patient. Involuntary euthanasia is the term used to describe the situation where euthanasia is performed when the patient does not request it, with the intent of relieving their suffering – which, in effect, amounts to murder. Non-voluntary euthanasia relates to a situation where euthanasia is performed when the patient is incapable of consenting. The term that is relevant to the euthanasia debate is “active voluntary euthanasia”, which collectively refers to the deliberate act to end an incurable or terminally ill patient’s life, usually through the administration of lethal drugs at his or her request. The main difference between active voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide is that in assisted suicide and physician-assisted suicide, the patient performs the killing act. Assisted suicide is when a person intentionally assists a patient, at their request, to terminate his or her life. Physician-assisted suicide refers to a situation where a physician intentionally assists a patient, at their request, to end his or her life, for example, by the provision of information and drugs.
Euthanasia, derived from Greek words meaning "good death," is a complex and controversial ethical and legal issue revolving around the deliberate ending of a person's life to relieve suffering. It is often a topic of intense debate within medical, legal, religious, and ethical circles.
Types of Euthanasia:
Voluntary Euthanasia: This occurs when a competent person makes a voluntary and informed decision to end their life with the assistance of a medical professional or loved one.
Non-voluntary Euthanasia: In this scenario, the decision to end a person's life is made by someone other than the individual, typically when they are unable to make decisions for themselves due to being in a coma or having advanced dementia.
Involuntary Euthanasia: This is the termination of a person's life against their will or without their consent, often performed in situations where the person's suffering is deemed unbearable or where their quality of life is deemed too low by others.
Assisted Suicide: This involves providing a person with the means or information necessary to end their own life, such as prescribing lethal medication, while the individual ultimately carries out the act themselves.
Ethical Considerations:
Autonomy vs. Sanctity of Life: Supporters of euthanasia argue for individual autonomy and the right to die with dignity, while opponents often cite the sanctity of life and the potential for abuse or slippery slope arguments.
Quality of Life: Discussions often revolve around the subjective nature of suffering and the quality of life, with some arguing that euthanasia can alleviate unnecessary suffering, while others raise concerns about the potential devaluation of certain lives.
Medical Ethics: Euthanasia raises questions about the role of healthcare professionals in end-of-life care, the distinction between killing and allowing to die, and the obligations of physicians to relieve suffering while upholding ethical principles.
Legal Status:
The legality of euthanasia varies greatly around the world. Some countries, such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and Canada, have legalized certain forms of euthanasia under strict conditions, while others, including many U.S. states, maintain its illegality. In some regions, there are ongoing debates and court cases seeking to clarify or change existing laws.
Conclusion:
Euthanasia remains a deeply divisive and emotionally charged issue, touching on fundamental questions about life, death, autonomy, and suffering. As medical technology advances and societal attitudes evolve, discussions surrounding euthanasia are likely to persist, challenging individuals, communities, and policymakers to navigate the complexities of this sensitive topic with compassion and integrity.
Special consideration advance directives,EuthanasiaSMVDCoN ,J&K
Euthanasia: The practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. The word "euthanasia" comes straight out of the Greek -- "eu", goodly or well + "thanatos", death = the good death.
Module 5 Euthanasia, Physician Assisted Suicide and The Righ.docxkendalfarrier
Module 5
Euthanasia, Physician Assisted Suicide and The Right to Die
Movement
Key Terms
• Hippocratic Oath – an ancient, optional code of ethical
principles
• Euthanasia – intentional shortening of the life of a person
or animal to spare further suffering
• Active Euthanasia – taking some action to cause
death
• Passive Euthanasia – withholding treatment that
might prolong life (generally tolerated by society)
• Key question: Should actions be introduced,
continued, done, or discontinued?
Key Terms
• Terminal Sedation – relieving dying patients’ distress by
keeping them in a deep sedation or coma until death
• An alternative to active euthanasia
• Called “slow euthanasia”
• Liberty Principle – individuals can make their own
decisions
• Informed Consent – patients must be fully informed
before proceeding with treatments
• Competence – the mental ability to understand the
information and make a rational decision
Key Terms
• Nazi “euthanasia” – the false name given to the murder
of innocent people and associated genocide
• Black Stork – The movement in the U.S. in the early
1900s to allow “defective” infants to die
• Eugenics – The movement aimed at sterilizing people
with “defective genes”
• Led to other ideas, such as letting “defective” infants die and
ending the lives of “incurable” patients
• Slippery Slope Argument – Opposing any instance of
assisted death because it could contribute to widespread
abuse in other instances
Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia
• In both, at least two individuals are involved.
• In Assisted Suicide, permission and
cooperation is obtained from individual
wishing to end life. Not always the case in
euthanasia.
Euthanasia and Religion
Various Religions have commented on Euthanasia
and other forms of assisted Suicide:
Judaism: God created a person and therefore
owns the body, a person is just the caretaker
Duty to preserve life – Orthodox & Conservative
Jews find euthanasia morally unacceptable
Active Euthanasia is condemned by all Jewish
groups
Euthanasia in Christianity & Islam
Christianity: suffering is part of God’s plan for
all humans
Typically oppose any intentional killing of
oneself or others
Islam: Suicide, Euthanasia and Physician
Assisted Suicide is generally disapproved of
“Do not destroy yourselves”
Euthanasia Hinduism & Buddhism
Hinduism: assisted suicide and euthanasia may
interfere with karmic processes and is undesirable,
but is not forbidden
Extending human life through medical interventions
may also interfere with karma
Ahimsa: avoidance of causing pain or killing any life
Gandhi: “Should my child be attacked with rabies and
there was no helpful remedy to relieve his agony, I
should consider ot my duty to end his life”
Buddhism: intentionally ending a life is unacceptable
Easing suffering is inappropriate
Right-To-Die Cases
• Estimated that 10,000 to 35.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
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This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
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Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
4. • Euthanasia comes from the Greek words: Eu (good) and
Thanatosis (death) and it means "Good Death, "Gentle and
Easy Death." This word has come to be used for "mercy
killing.
• It is the act or practice of ending a life of a person either by
a lethal injection or suspension of medical treatment.
• The word "euthanasia" was first used in a medical context
by Francis Bacon in the 17th century, to refer to an easy,
painless, happy death, during which it was a "physician's
responsibility to alleviate the 'physical sufferings' of the
body
6. • Active euthanasia:
-It is when death is brought by an act for
example taking a high dose of drugs
-To end a person’s life by the use of drugs,
either by oneself or by the aid of a
physician.
• Passive euthanasia:
-When death is brought by an omission eg:
When someone lets the person die, this
can be done by withdrawing or
withholding treatment.
• Withdrawing treatment: For example
switching off a machine that keeps the
person alive.
• Withholding treatment: For example not
carrying out a surgery that will extend
life of the patient for a short time.
7. • Voluntary euthanasia is committed
with the willing or autonomous
cooperation of the subject. This
means that the subject is free from
direct or indirect pressure from
others.
• Non voluntary euthanasia occurs
when the patient is unconscious or
unable to make a meaningful choice
between living and dying, and an
appropriate person takes that
decision for him/her.
• This is usually called murder, but it
is possible to imagine cases where
the killing would count as a favor
for the patient.
8. •Assisted suicide:
This usually refers to cases where the
persons who are going to die need help
to kill themselves and ask for it.
-It may be something as simple as
getting drugs for the person, and
putting those drugs within their reach.
• Indirect euthanasia:
This means providing treatments -mainly
to reduce pain- that has a side effect of
shortening the patient’s life.
- Since the primary intent wasn’t to kill,
it is morally accepted by some people.
10. -It is believed that euthanasia started
in ancient Greece and Rome around
the fifth century B.C.
-Some did this by abortions, and
every now and then performed a
mercy killing even though doctors
were supposed to follow the
Hippocratic Oath:
“I will give no deadly medicine to any
one if asked, nor suggest any such
counsel”.
11. • During the Middle Ages, euthanasia was pretty
much out of the question. If one committed
suicide, the law in Europe was for the body to be
dragged through the streets or nailed to a barrel
and left to drift downriver.
• During the Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries
euthanasia was a topic of discussion. However,
people continued to reject euthanasia and assisted
suicide.
• 1478-1535: Sir Thomas More is often quoted as
being the first prominent Christian to recommend
euthanasia in his book Utopia, where the Utopian
priests encourage euthanasia when a patient was
terminally ill and suffering pain
12. • 1828: The frist law against assisted killing, known
as anti-euthanasia was passed in new york.
• 1870: The use of morphine and analgesic
medications for assisting quick and painless death
was suggested.
• 1885: The American Medical Association strongly
denied the use of analgesic for euthanasia.
• 1994: Netherlands it is the first country where
euthanasia has been allowed.
• 2001: The euthanasia law was adopted in Belgium -
this law defines conditions for doctors to avoid penal
punishment.
• 2008: U.S. state of Washington legalizes assisted
suicide
15. • There are a number of different jurisdictions, which allow
euthanasia and/or assisted suicide to varying degrees.
• In Europe, Euthanasia is only legal in the Netherlands and
Belgium, provided certain conditions are met. For example,
the patient’s request must be voluntary and well-considered;
the patient must be experiencing unbearable physical or
mental suffering, with no prospect of relief; the patient must
be informed about their situation and prospects; at least one
other, independent, doctor must be consulted.
• In Belgium euthanasia is only allowed if the patient is an
adult.
• However, in the Netherlands euthanasia is allowed for
children aged between 12 and 16 years of age, with the
consent of their parents/guardians and for individuals aged
16 years and over.
16. • Assisted suicide is legal in the Netherlands, Switzerland
and the state of Oregon in the US. As with euthanasia
certain criteria need to be met before an individual’s
request for assisted suicide is followed, e.g. the patient
must be considered competent and aware of their
situation.
• In Oregon the individual requesting assisted suicide
must be terminally ill, but in the Netherlands and
Switzerland an individual need not have a terminal
condition in order to request it
• While in Egypt , or in Islamic countries in general , the
popular Egyptians' Scholar Sheikh , recently issued a
fatwa . equating euthanasia with murder but allowing
the with-holding of treatment that is deemed useless.
18. Those in favor of euthanasia argue that a civilized
society should allow people to die in dignity and
without pain.
They add that as suicide is not a crime, euthanasia
should not be a crime.
Most religions disapprove of euthanasia for a number
of reasons:
1- God has forbidden it ( that says 'you must not kill').
2- Human life is sacred.
3- human beings are made in God's image.
4- God gives people life, so only God has the right to
take it away.
19. • Religious views on euthanasia:
• A-Islam:
Islam categorically forbids all forms of suicide
and any action that may help another to kill
themselves. It is forbidden for a Muslim to
plan, or come to know through self-will, the
time of his own death in advance.
B-Christianity:
-Catholic teaching condemns euthanasia as a "crime
against life" and a "crime against God“.
-The teaching of the Catholic Church on euthanasia rests
on several core principles of Catholic ethics, including
the sanctity of human life, the dignity of the human
person, concomitant human rights.
20. C- Judaism:
Jewish medical ethics have become divided,
over euthanasia and end of life treatment
since the 1970s. Generally, Jewish thinkers
oppose voluntary euthanasia, often
vigorously, though there is some backing for
voluntary passive euthanasia in limited
circumstances.
D- Shinto:
In Japan, where the dominant religion
is Shinto, 69% of the religious organizations
agree with the act of voluntary passive
euthanasia. In Shinto, the prolongation of life
using artificial means is a disgraceful act
against life
21. E- Buddhism:
• An important value of Buddhism
teaching is compassion. Compassion is
used by some Buddhists as a justification
for euthanasia because the person
suffering is relieved of pain.
• However, it is still immoral "to embark
on any course of action whose aim is to
destroy human life, irrespective of the
quality of the individual's motive."
24. • Taylor was a postal worker, residential care worker,
motorbike enthusiast and health advocate. She was
born and raised in Castlegar, British Columbia,
Canada.
• Taylor began to experience the early symptoms
of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known
as Lou Gehrig's disease in 2003.
A neurologist diagnosed her with the disease in
2009.
• On June 29,2011 Gloria filed an application with
The Supreme Court Of British Columbia to be
added as a plaintiff in the BC Civil Liberties'’
Association (BCCLA) death with dignity lawsuit.
25. • The BCCLA had filed the lawsuit in April 2011 to
challenge the laws that make it a criminal offense to
assist seriously incurably ill individuals to die with
dignity. The legal challenge seeks to allow seriously
and incurably ill, mentally competent adults the right
to receive medical assistance to hasten death under
certain specific safeguards
• Gloria Taylor, told reporters in Vancouver she
doesn't want to die, but she also doesn't want to die
an agonizing and horrible death. She also says she's
fighting so that all the people of Canada will have
the choice in the way they want to die.
26. • Taylor had won a constitutional exemption at a lower
court for a medically assisted death in 2012, but that
decision was overturned in subsequent appeals
• On October 4, 2012, Taylor died as a result of a severe
infection resulting from a perforated colon.
• Due to the acute nature and brief course of her illness
from the infection, Taylor did not need to seek the
assistance of a physician to end her life.
• In the end, Gloria’s death was quick and peaceful. Taylor
died in hospital, with her mother and a close friend by
her side.
• The B.C. Civil Liberties Association will be continuing
with the death with dignity lawsuit, fighting to protect
Taylor’s victory against government appeals.
28. • Craig Ewert 59, was a retired college professor who was
diagnosed with motor neuron disease (MND), a
neurodegenerative kind that affects the nervous system
and could lead to difficulty in gripping, walking,
swallowing, speaking and breathing.
• He decided to end his life rather than spend the rest of
his life in a “living tomb” ,Since euthanasia is still illegal
in Britain, he traveled to Switzerland to die assisted by
the Diginitas clinic in Zurich in September 2006.
• He was already 5 months paralyzed prior to his televised
death, his last moments was shown on the Sky Real
Lives Channel live, he first said goodbye to his wife,
drank the poison, asked for an apple juice, requested for
Beethoven’s symphony no.9, said thank you, and died
peacefully.
30. • Frank Van Den Bleeken was a Belgian convicted of serial murder
and rape who has been imprisoned for almost three decades. He was
temporarily released and convict other brutal convictions.
• He sought the right to die because he was "suffering unbearably"
from his psychiatric condition
• Unable to control his urges, the convict had no prospect of living in
freedom.
• "He has clearly said that he didn't want to leave prison because he
didn't want to risk creating further victims," he said. Seeing himself
as a danger to society, he could "no longer live like that", his lawyer
said.
• After doctors agreed that his psychological condition is incurable,
Belgium's justice minister approved his transfer to a hospital where
doctors will end his life on January 11, 2015.
• But on January 6, the justice minister announced that Van Den
Bleekin’s “right to die” was withdrawn by his doctors. He was
instead transferred to a psychiatric prison ward.
32. Summary of the presentation:
-Definition of euthanasia:
It is the practice of intentionally ending a life
in order to relieve pain and suffering.
-Rules of euthanasia:
It's not possible to regulate euthanasia
-Religions:
Islam-Christianity-Judaism –Shinto and
Buddhism.
33. Euthanasia in Egypt Is forbidden on humans but
applied on "Street Dogs?...
-Vote:
• What is your opinion about euthanasia?
-End:
• Do you have any questions related to the
presentation?.