ECA Workshop - Brief

BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS)
ELEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS
SEMESTER 4

COST DATA
Introduction
• The collection, analysis, publication and use of
cost and price information are important in the
construction industry.
• Cost data is required at the initial stage of the
proposed project to reflect the probable cost to
the client.
• Cost data is also required at various stages of
design and construction for cost planning and
cost control.
• In each case, a realistic estimate is required.

COST DATA
Introduction
• A systematic and sufficient cost data is used to
establish an accurate estimate.
• An incomplete cost data might cause the
estimate to be inaccurate and this gives rise to
negative implications.
• Generally QS consultants, Royal Institution of
Surveyors Malaysia (RISM), the Public Works
Department (PWD), the Statistics Department
and the Construction Industry Development
Board (CIDB) have ample cost data, which are
kept systematically.

COST DATA
Cost Data Structure
• The cost data structure required differs
according to the work stages; from identifying
the basic components of cost until the tender
price is obtained.
• The table below depicts the cost structure of
material components, which includes the
basic cost of materials, transportation,
wastage, storage, etc. for concrete work in
column.

Stage Cost data structure Term
1 Tender price Total cost
2 Substructure Superstructure Finishing Simplified analysis
(Group element)
3 Frame Upper floors Roofs stairs Amplified analysis
(Individual element)
4 Column Beam Quantity factor
5 Concrete Reinforcement Formwork Measured works
(Unit cost)
6 Labour Materials Plant Overheads Cost components
7 Material cost Transportation Unloading, etc. Distribution of basic cost
components-basic rate

COST DATA
There is a need for ready access of cost
information for the following purposes:
• Approximate estimates for proposed
projects
• Cost planning during design
• Contract estimating for tender purposes

COST DATA
Components of cost
• The cost of a particular work comprises cost of
several basic components, which finally forms
the total cost of components.
• Cost of plant and equipment, labour,
materials, overhead and profit are amongst
the main components of costs.

COST DATA
Purposes of cost data
The main purposes for having cost data are to:
1. Estimate cost of the proposed project and control the
design to ensure figures (i.e. estimate) produced are
comparable or close to tender estimate.
2. Balance the cost in the estimate to assure money is
spent based on the client’s preferences.
3. Discuss the schedule of rates with contractor for cost
reconciliation and to speed up tender submission.
4. Control contract operation especially in the interim
payment and final account procedures.

COST DATA
Uses of cost data
Prediction of cost-Information like cost/m2 of various buildings, element unit
rate, schedule of rates in the bills of quantities, etc. can be used to predict
cost. The data obtained from the analysis of previous project or from previous
elaboration must be updated so that it can be adjusted for current use.
Comparison of cost-The use of cost data here is not merely to obtain the
actual value of a building or component but to make the best comparison on
alternative item/element, which has the same functions or comparison of
buildings with different designs.
Balancing of cost-It is essential to distribute the overall cost into smaller units
or elements to determine a budget in the cost control of a building. These
smaller units are not only used to conduct cost check but also to establish a
cost strategy for a particular design. This strategy will attempt to distribute
cost based on the client’s needs. The data for the above use are obtained
from previous projects and are probably in their actual form or in the form of
ratio from the overall cost of a similar project.
Analysis of cost trend-The element cost of a building from time to time
changes and it is wise if there is choice specification that can accommodate
the client’s financial status whether on a short or long term basis. This trend
may depict changes in labour and material costs and can identify changes to
overall cost of a particular building or component.

COST DATA
Cost Data should clearly indicate the
following:
• Date of the data
• Location of the data
• Specification/Quality
• Inclusion and exclusion

COST DATA
Precautions when using the cost data:
- Size of project
- Location
- Fluctuations
- Labour costs
- Material costs
- Market conditions
- Overhead and profit

COST DATA
Source of cost data:
- Price book
- Quotation
- Public sector price guides
- Monthly cost information
- Priced bills of quantities

COST DATA
Accuracy and consistency:
- All types of published cost information do not
claim that the information is accurate. It is
always qualified that the information is just a
guide.
- Accuracy implies a closeness to the actual value.
- Consistency is a measure of how often this
accuracy can be relied on.
- Research has indicate that the level of accuracy
is +/- 10%.

COST DATA
Use of cost data in Malaysia:
- In Malaysia contractors tend to estimate by calling
quotation.
- Consultants generally use recent priced bills of
quantities with the necessary price adjustment.
- Price book is still not widely use in Malaysia. The
reasons being:
• There are very few publications available
• The material and labour prices fluctuate frequently
which make quotation more reliable.

COST ANALYSIS
Definitions
• Cost analysis
The systematic breakdown of cost data, generally on the basis of
an agreed elemental structure, to assist in the preparation of cost
plans for future schemes.
• Element
One of a number of parts of a building which serve the same
function.
The elemental breakdown generally adopted is that developed by
the Building Cost Information Service (BCIS) of RICS.

ELEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS
The purpose of elemental cost analysis is to show the distribution of
the cost of a building among its elements to permit the costs of two or
more buildings to be compared.
A cost that is obtained from cost analysis is insufficient to determine
the actual price. It has to take into account the conditions and the
details of the project and the quality and quantity of work involved.
The cost analyses can be used to fulfill four main purposes:
1) To enable designers and building clients to appreciate how cost is
distributed among the functional components of a building.
2) To help designers and building clients to develop ways in which
costs could be allocated to produce a better balanced design.
3) To allow prompt remedial action on receipt of high tenders, by
indicating the components where reductions in cost are possible.
4) To assist in the cost planning of future projects by comparison of
cost analyses.

Elemental Cost Analysis
Preparation of elemental cost analysis
The following are required to prepare the analysis:
• Complete contract document (a successful tender which
includes bills of quantities, list of prime costs sums, etc.)
• Working drawings and the specification to calculate the
quantity factor and others.
• Tender report-to obtain information regarding the market,
number of tenders, etc.)
• Manual for preparing cost analysis
• Standard form for cost analysis

Forms produced by BCIC, RISM are:
• Form 1 (F/1)-Contains information on total
project and information on the analysed
building.
• Form 2 (F/2)-A summary of the element costs
• Form 3 (F/3)-Specification brief

The basic principles in the preparation of cost analysis of
a building as stated in the manual are:
1. Buildings within a project shall be analysed separately.
If there are three buildings in a project, three separate
cost analysis are required.
2. Information shall be provided to facilitate the
preparation of estimates based on abbreviated
measurements-Information such as drawings and
specifications must be provided.
3. Analysis shall be in stages with each stage giving
progressively more details; the total detailed costs in
each stage shall equal the costs of the relevant group.
4. Preliminaries shall be dealt with as a separate item
(not apportioned amongst elements)

Principles of analysis:
5. Lump sum adjustments shall be spread pro-rata amongst
all elements of the building and external work, excluding
Prime cost sums(PC) and Provisional sums(PS)
contained within the elements.
6. Professional fees shall not form part of the analysis
7. Contingency sum to cover unforeseen expenditure shall
not be included in the analysis, but shown separately.
8. The principal cost unit of all elements shall be expressed in
RM to two decimal places per square metre of GFA.
9. A function unit cost shall be given.
10. The definition of terms shall be as given in the manual.
11. The list and contents of the elements shall be as given in
the manual.

Contents of elemental cost analysis
Form 1-Information on total project and analysed building
• This form is divided into two sections; the first section
provides overall information on the project including
location, the client, type of contract, etc. The second
section provides information and analysis of a single
building. Each separate building in the project has a
different analysis.
• The main purpose for the information in F/1 is to inform
user the background of the project and the condition of its
price level. This will enable the user to make necessary
adjustments to cater for differences in location, market
condition, type of contract, size of contract and
specifications of the project.

Elemental Cost Analysis-Form 1
Project information
1. Building type and code
-there are 10 classifications on types of building:
0: Land, Planning, Landscape
1: Civil Engineering Work
2: Transport, Industrial Buildings
3: Administrative Buildings
4: Health and Welfare Buildings
5: Refreshment, Recreation Buildings
6: Religious Buildings
7: Educational, Cultural, Scientific Buildings
8: Residential Buildings
9: Buildings, spaces in general
e.g. office building shall be classed under category as:
3-Administrative Buildings

2 Construction classes
-Construction classes are divided into:
A: Reinforced concrete framed construction
B: Steel framed construction
C: Timber framed construction
D: Light framed steel or reinforced concrete construction
e.g. a 14-storey reinforced concrete framed construction with
GFA of 34000m2 is expressed as follows:
3. Job title
-describe the name of the project
4. Location
-Location in terms of town and state
e.g. Shah Alam, Selangor.
A-14-34000

Elemental Cost Analysis- Form 1
5. Client
-State the type of client whether :government, private or semi
government
6. Tender date
-Date fixed for closing of tender, e.g. 14 January 2016
7. Project details and site condition
-Explanation shall include the following:
•Project description
•Accessibility to site
•Proximity of other buildings
•Site topographical and geological conditions
•Weather
•Any omission or exclusion from project
E.g. Construction of an office building and related infrastructure
works, site easily accessible with tarred road, no restriction to
working space, flat land.

Elemental Cost analysis-Form 1
8. Contract
-Type of contract used. E.g. Standard Form PAM 2006 (With Quantities)
9. Market condition
-Brief report on market condition shall be provided with regard to
availability of materials and labour, keenness and competition. E.g.
Market condition is competitive and price of labour and materials are
stable.
10. Type of contract
-As item 8
11. Basis of tender
-Tick the relevant basis of tender:
Bills of Quantities
Bills of Approximate Quantities
Schedule of Rates/Specification
& Drawings

12. Contract period stipulated by client
- State the period . Refer to contract document.
13. Contract period stipulated by contractor
-State the period. Refer to contract document.
14. Numbers of tender issued.
-State the numbers issued. Refer to tender report.
15. Numbers of tenders received.
-State the numbers received. Refer to tender report.
16. Cost fluctuation
-State whether (Yes) or (No)
17. Provisional sum
-State the value. Refer to contract document.
18. Prime cost sum
-State the value. Refer to contract document

19.Preliminaries
20.Contingencies
21.Contract sum
-State the value. Refer to contract document.
22.Tender list
-List of tenders received as item 15, or if the number is too many,
state at least the lowest , arranged in descending order. The
highest tender value is listed last in the table.
-Indicate whether tenders were from local builders (L), by
international builders (INT), or by joint venture between the two
(JV).
Refer to tender report.

23.Accommodation and design features
•Indicate type/form of analysed building
•Indicate the distribution of space/use of space for
accommodation.
•Where a building accommodates more than one function,
the GFA of each should be shown separately.
•Where drawings are not provided, a thumbnail sketch
shall be given. Show the overall dimensions and number of
storeys in height of each part of building.
•E.g. L-shaped building accommodating office, café, prayer
area, exhibition and other ancillary areas with 3-storey
basement as parking lots.

E.g. Thumbnail sketch:
(+) Ground floor and upper floors
(-) Basement floor
(+14) (+5)
(-3)
20
5
15
5

Areas
24. Lower ground floor-all lower ground floor area
25. Ground floor-Floor area nearest to the level outside ground
26. Upper floors-Apart from items 24 & 25.
27. Gross floor areas
Method of measurement:
• Total of all enclosed spaces fulfilling the functional requirements
of a building measured to the internal face of enclosing walls (or
column, door and the like)
• Enclosed spaces are defined as all spaces that have a floor and a
ceiling and enclosing walls on all sides at full or partial height.
Open balustrades, louvres, screens, columns and the like shall
be deemed enclosing walls. In the cases where one or two sides
of the building is enclosed for the full width by doors and the
like other than walls and have a floor and ceiling, these spaces
shall also deemed as enclosing spaces.
• The gross floor area is measured gross without omission to
areas occupied by columns, internal structures or party walls,
etc.

Elemental cost analysis-Form 1
• Areas of lift rooms, tank rooms, engine rooms and the like above main
roof are also calculated in GFA.
• Sloping surfaces such as staircases, galleries, tiered terraces and the
like shall be measured flat on plan.
• Spaces that fulfil the functional requirements of building which are not
enclosed spaces shall be shown separately under unenclosed spaces.
28.Usable area-Total area of all enclosing spaces fulfilling the main functional
requirements of the building. E.g. Working area in an office, prayer area
in a mosque.
29.Circulation area-Total area of all enclosing spaces forming entrance halls,
corridors, staircases, lift wells and the like.
30.Ancillary area-Total area of all enclosed spaces for lavatories, kitchens,
utility rooms, lift motor room, water tank rooms, etc. supplementary to
main function of building.
31.Internal divisions-The areas occupied by partitions, columns, internal
structures or party walls.
32.Gross floor area-Measured as item 27. the sum of 28, 29, 30, 31 shall equal
the GFA

33. Floor spaces not enclosed-Spaces that fulfil the
functional requirements of building which are not
enclosed spaces shall be shown separately. Area
shall not be too large.
34. Roof area
Method of measurement
• Measure gross across the eaves or the inner face
of parapet walls.
• Includes area covered by roof lights.
• Sloped and pitched roofs shall be measured on
plan area.

36. Ratio of external wall and GFA-This ratio depends on the area of
the enclosing walls and GFA. The area of all enclosing walls is
measured on the outer face to the full storey height for each floor over
all window, doors, beams, columns, etc.
This ratio is calculated by dividing the enclosing walls area to the GFA
to three decimal places.
E.g. Ratio= Enclosing wall area
GFA
37. Storey height
•Storey height is measured from floor finish to floor finish.
•For single-storey buildings and top floor of multi-storied
buildings, the storey height shall be measured from floor finish to
underside of ceiling finish.
38. Percentage of GFA
• State the percentage of building area in relation to GFA (in
whole number)
• State the numbers of storey and its percentage. Isolate
percentage of basement area and other areas.

E.g.:
Basement area: 13%
5-storey construction: 23%
14-Storey construction: 64%
GFA
A: (15 x 5) 14 = 1050
B: (5 x 15) 5 = 375
(5 x 15) 3 = 225
1650
% GFA
A: 1050 x 100 = 64%
1650
B: 375 x 100 = 23%
1650
% of basement
B: 225 x 100 = 13%
1650
(+14) (+5)
(-3)
B
20
5
15
5
A

Elemental cost analysis-form 1
39. Contract sum-as item 21
40. Provisional sum-as item 17
41. Prime cost sum-as item 18
42. Preliminaries-as item 19. State the percentage as compared to
contract sum less preliminaries.
% Preliminaries = Preliminaries x 100%
(Contract sum – Preliminaries)
43. Contingencies-as item 20. State the percentage as compared to
contract sum less preliminaries and contingencies.
% contingencies= Contingencies x 100%
(Contract sum – preliminaries – Contingencies)
44. Functional Unit Cost-is calculated by dividing the total cost of all
elements (incl. Preliminaries cost but excl. External works cost) by the
total number of functional units. (refer to item 35).

Elemental Cost analysis-Form 2
F/2 shows the systematic breakdown of the costs of elements
of a building.
• There are more than 20 elements in F/2 and each element
is grouped under seven group elements (five building
groups and one for each group of element of external work
and preliminary work).
• F/2 provides information on the total cost of element, cost
per m2 GFA, element unit quantity, element unit rate, ratio
of element per GFA, etc. which could be used to make
realistic estimate and to prepare the cost plan for new
projects.
• It could also be used to make cost comparisons to ensure
cost does not exceed the estimate.

Columns in Form 2
Element-Building price is analysed based on elements. Refer to list & contents
of elements in the Manual.
Total cost of element (RM)-This is the total cost of element and the cost shall
follow the list and contents of elements in the Manual. If cost is not related to
the said element, (-) shall be inserted. If the costs of more than one element
are group together, abbreviated notes shall be provided explaining where
they are grouped.
Cost/m2 GFA (RM)-Calculated by dividing Total cost of element with GFA.
Element unit quantity-All areas shall be the net areas, e.g. area for external
walls shall omit area of windows and doors, etc. If the quantity is measured in
volume (air conditioning spaces) volume is calculated by multiplying the net
area with the height of the space to be air conditioned. The abbreviation used
is Tm3.
Element unit rate (RM)-Calculated by dividing total cost of element with
element Unit Quantity. It is rounded off to the nearest two decimal.
Element ratio per m2 GFA-Calculated by dividing Element Unit Quantity with
GFA. It is stated to three decimal places.
Reinforced concrete (m3)-Quantity of reinforced concrete in elements in m3

Columns in Form 2
Reinforcement (kg)-Quantity of reinforcement in kg.
Formwork (m2)-Quantity of formwork in m2.
Element unit quantity (EUQ)
1. Piling-Total length of piling(m) or if sheet piles (m2)
2. Work below lowest floor finish-Area of lowest floor measured as GFA (m2)
If without basement, quantity as item 25 in Form 1(m2)
If there is basement, quantity is measured by dividing quantity as item 24 Form 1
with the number of basement floor (m2)
3. Frame-Area of floor similar to GFA (m2).
4. Upper floors-Total area of upper floors (m2). Area shall be less than item 26
Form 1.
5. Roof-Total area of roof (m2).
If flat roof, quantity as item 34 Form 1
If pitched roof, either full or partial quantity shall be more than item 34 From 1.
6. Stairs-No element unit quantity.
7. External walls-Area of external walls measured on outer face (less openings,
etc.) (m2)
8. Area of windows and external doors measured oven frames (m2)

9. Internal walls & partitions– Area of internal walls & partitions (less
openings) (m2)
10. Internal doors- Area of internal doors measured over frames (m2)
11. Internal wall finishes- Total area of wall finishes (m2). If not self
finished, fairface works, etc. total area shall be less than [sum of
item 7 + (2 x item 9)] above.
12. Internal floor finishes-Total are of floor finishes. Check whether all
floors have finishes. If so the area shall be less than GFA.
13. Internal ceiling finishes-area of ceiling finishes. Area shall be less
that GFA
14. External finishes-No EUQ
15. Fittings and finishing-No EUQ
16. Sanitary appliances-No of draw-off points. (no)
17. Plumbing Installation-No EUQ
18. Refuse disposal-No EQU

19. Air cond & ventilation system-shall be measured
as net floor area of the part treated by the
height (Tm3)
20. Electrical installation-No EUQ
21. Fire protection-No EUQ
22. Lift & conveyor –No EUQ
23. Communication-No EUQ
24. Special installation-No EUQ
25. Builder’s P&A on services-No EUQ
26. Builder’s work in connection with services- No EUQ

EXTERNAL WORKS
27. Site Works-No EUQ
28. Drainage-No EUQ
29. External services-No EUQ
30. Ancillary buildings-No EUQ
31. Recreation facilities-No EUQ
PRELIMINARIES

Form 3-Brief specification
• F/3 provides brief information on project specifications
based on each element.
• It briefly describes the various components in each
element including the types and quality of material
used.
• This form provides a brief picture of the building
standards and quality and this information is important
for cost comparison purposes.

INSTITUTION OF SURVEYORS MALAYSIA
BUILDING COST INFORMATION CENTRE
ELEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS – Form 1
JOB TITLE : Proposed 29 Storey Medium cost Apartments
LOCATION : Batu Ferringghi, Penang
CLIENT : Private
TENDER DATE : 3 rd. April 2003
INFORMATION TOTAL PROJECT
Project Details and Site Condition :
The project comprises of the construction and completion of 29 storey medium
cost apartments with associated external works.
Accessibility to site is good
Overall site is generally flat.
Project and Contract Information
Contract :
PAM Standard Form of contract-1998 edition
(With quantities)
Market conditions : Competitive
Competitive Tender List
RM Int(JV)/L
Contract Particulars :
Type of Contract :
Basis of Tender
Bills of Quantities
Bills of appr. Quant.
Sched. Of Rates/
Spec. & Drawings
Contract Period Stip. By Client : None
Contract Period Offered by Builders : 76 weeks
Number of Tenders issued : 4
Number of tenders Received : 4
Open/Selected
Competition
Negotiated
Serial
Cost Fluctuation : Yes
No
Government
Private
Provisional Sum RM 165,000.00
Prime Cost Sum RM 3,745,000.00
Preliminaries RM 1,463,549.38
Contingencies RM 500,000.00
Contract Sum RM 13,744,991.60
8 – Residential Buildings
A – 29 - 15809
14,834,569.96 L
14,231,201.33 L
13,832,683.53 L
13,744,991.60 L

ANALYSIS OF SINGLE BUILDING
Accommodation and Design Features :
The apartment block is 29 storey high comprising 80 units of medium cost apartment. The building is generally rectangular
in shape.
AREAS :
Lower Ground Floor - m2
Ground Floor 568 m2
Upper floors 15,241 m2
GROSS FLOOR AREA 15,809 m2
Usable Areas 12,460 m2
Circulation area 1,518 m2
Ancillary Area 1,420 m2
Internal division 411 m2
GROSS FLOOR AREA 15,809 m2
Floor Space NOT Enclosed 255 m2
Roof Area 852 m2
(Structural & Plant Rooms)
Functional Unit : 12,460 m2
External Wall Area 14,100
Gross Floor Area 15,809
= 0.892
Storey Heights :
Av below Grd Floor - m
At Ground Floor 5.10 m
Above Ground Floor 2.95 m
Contract Sum RM 13,744,991.60 Functional Unit Costs
Provisional Sums RM 165,000.00 excluding external works : RM 1,081.21/m2
Prime Cost sums RM 3,745,000.00
Preliminaries RM 1,463,549.38 being 13.00 % of remainder
Contingencies RM 500,000.00 being 4.00 % Contract Sum
Contract Sum less Contingencies 13,244,991.60
Brief Cost Information
ELEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS – Form 1 (Cont’d)
Design/Shapes
Percentage of Gross Floor Area
(a) Below Grd. Flr. %
(b) Single Storey %
Construction
(c) Two Storey %
Construction
(d) 3-Storey %
Construction
(e) 29 -Storey 100 %
Construction

ROYAL INSTITUTION OF SURVEYORS
SUMMARY OF ELEMENT COSTS
GROSS FLOOR AREA: 15,809 M2 TENDER DATE : 3 rd. April 2003
1 Substructure
1A Piling 298,731.60 18.90 7320 m 40.81 0.470 - - -
1B Work Below Lowest 195,695.13 12.38 568 m2 344.53 0.036 133 10,193 114
Floor Finish
Group Element Cost 494,426.73 31.28 - - - 133 10.193 114
2 Superstructure
2A Frame 826,744.99 52.30 15,809 m2 52.30 1.000 671 164,329 12,548
2B Upper floors 1,229,988.00 77.80 15,341 m2 80.70 0.964 2,298 77,914 15,300
2C Roof 477,943.73 30.23 994 m2 480.83 0.063 170 20,882 914
2D Stairs 172,725.86 19.93 - - - 121 13,690 1,121
2E External Walls 939,486.82 59.43 10,193 m2 92.17 0.645 856 173,714 9,780
2F windows & External Doors 1,358,355.93 85.92 3,907m2 347.67 0.247 - - -
2G Internal walls & Partitions 773,728.23 48.94 11,817 m2 65.48 0.747 822 127,828 8,508
2H Internal Doors 196,301.71 12.42 2,231 m2 87.99 0.141
Group Element Cost 5,975,275.57 377.97 - - - 4,938 578,357 48,171
3 Finishes
3A Internal Wall Finishes 520,197.56 32.91 18,901 m2 27.52 1.196
3B Internal Floor Finishes 902,201.91 57.07 12,330 m2 73.17 0.780
3C Internal ceiling Finishes 109,460.33 6.92 13,570 m2 8.07 0.858
3D External Finishes 673,663.68 42.61
Group Element Cost 2,205,523.48 139.51 - - -
4 Fittings and Furnishings 80,000.00 5.06 - - -
Total Cost
of Element
RM
Cost per m2
GFA
RM
Element
Unit
Quantity
Preliminaries shown Separately
Element
Unit
Rate
Element
Ratio per
m2 GFA
Reinforced
concrete
m3
Reinforce
ment
kg
Formwork
m2
8 – Residential Buildings
A – 29 - 15809

5 Services
5A Sanitary Appliances 259,163.00 16.39 2,494 No 103.91 - 259,163.00
5B Plumbing Installation 342,709.00 21.68 - - - 342,709.00
5C Refuse Disposal - - - - - -
5D Air-conditioning &
Ventilation System 201,260.00 12.73 8,645 Tm3 23.28 - 201,260.00
5E Electrical Installation 1,000,000.00 63.26 - - - 1,000,000.00
5F Fire Protection Installation 225,000.00 14.23 - - - 225,000.00
5G Lift & conveyor Installation 600,000.00 37.95 - - - 600,000.00
5H Communication Installation - - - - - -
5J Special Installation - - - - - -
5K Builder’s Profit &
attendance on Services 74,900.00 4.74 - - - -
5L Builder’s Work in
connection with Services 50,000.00 3.16 - - - -
Group Element Cost 2,753,032.00 174.14 - - - 2,628,132.00
Sub-total exc. external works,
Preliminaries and Contingencies 11,508,257.78 727.96 - - -
6 External works
6A Site work 57,423.00 3.63 - - -
6B Drainage 17,633.44 1.12 - - -
6C External Services 198,128.00 12.53 - - -
6D Ancillary Buildings - - - - -
6E Recreational Facilities - - - - -
Group Element cost 273,184.44 17.28 -
Total Cost
of Element
RM
Cost per m2
GFA
RM
Element
Unit
Quantity
Preliminaries shown Separately
Element
Unit
Rate
Element
Ratio per
m2 GFA P.C. Sum Allowed Tendered sum
Preliminaries 1,463,549.38 92.58
TOTAL (less Contingencies) 13,244,991.60 837.82

ROYAL INSTITUTION OF SURVEYORS MALAYSIA
ELEMENTAL COST ANALYSIS – form 3
BRIEF SPECIFICATION
GROSS FLOOR AREA : TENDER DATE :
ELEMENT
1 Substructure
1A Piling 250mm x 250mm Precast reinforced concrete piles based on penetration of 24.0m depth
1B Work Below Lowest floor Finish Reinforced concrete pilecaps, column stumps, ground beams, aprons, ramps and ground
slabs.
2 Superstructure
2A Frame Reinforced concrete columns, beams and roof beams.
2B Upper Floors Reinforced concrete suspended slabs.
2C Roof Reinforced concrete flat roof slab complete with panel roof waterproofing system ; “Astino
coloured Clip System” metal decking on structural steelwork roof trusses. G.I. gutter, UPVC
rainwater goods and stainless steel floor trap. Glass canopy and timber Pergola
(Provisional Sum of RM 85,000.00)
2D Stairs Reinforced concrete staircase with cement and sand paving and non-slip homogeneous nosing
tiles. Mild steel handrail and balustrades.
2E External Walls 115mm and 230mm cement and sand brickwalls. Reinforced concrete shear walls and lift
walls.
2F Windows & external Doors Aluminium and glazing works (Prime cost Sum of RM1.070,000.00) comprisi ng of external
sliding doors and panels, composite windows, top hung casement windows, side hung
casement windows, adjustable and fixed louvred windows.
2G Internal Walls & Partitions 115mm and 230mm Thick cement and sand brick walls. Reinforced concrete stair walls and
shear walls.
2H Internal Doors Timber flush doors, timber glass panel doors, decorative solid timber doors, fire-rated doors ,
pressed steel louvred doors and mild steel doors.

BRIEF SPECIFICATION
ELEMENT
3 Finishes
3A Internal Wall Finishes Generally cement and sand plaster and emulsion paint to walls and columns. Glazed ceramic
tile to toilets and bathrooms
3B Internal Floor Finishes Cement and sand paving , homogeneous tiles, ceramic tiles, anti-slip ceramic tiles, terracotta
tiles and timber strip flooring
3C Internal Ceiling Finishes “Smartcote” plaster and emulsion paint, fibrous plasterglass ceiling panel ceiling and “UAC
Superflex” ceiling .
3D External Finishes Cement and sand plaster and “Weathershield” acrylic paint to plastered surfaces.
4 Fittings and Furnishings Signages and letter boxes (Provisional Sum of RM30,000.00). Interior Works (Prime Cost Sum
of Rm50,000.00)
5 Services
5A Sanitary Appliances American Standard” range of fittings (Prime Cost Sum of RM259,163.00)
5B Plumbing Installation Prime Cost Sum allowance
5C Refuse Disposal Nil
5D Air-Conditioning & Ventilating Prime Cost Sum allowance for A/C piping only.
System
5E Electrical Installation Prime Cost Sum allowance.
5F Fire Protection Installation Prime Cost Sum allowance.
5G Lift & conveyor Installation Prime Cost Sum allowance.
5H Communication Nil
5J special Installation Nil
5K Builder’s Profit & Attendance Builder’s profit and attendance to all Prime Cost Sums.
on Services
5K Builder’s Work in connection Builder’s work in connection with Services (Provisional Sum of RM50,000.00)
with Services

BRIEF SPECIFICATION
ELEMENT
6 External works
6A Site Work Interlocking paving block to road. Fencing and gates and landscaping works.
6B drainage Surface water drainage comprising surface water drains, pipe culverts and
sumps. Sewer drainage comprising sewer pipes and manholes.
6C External Services External water reticulation (Prime Cost Sum of RM198,128.00)
6D ancillary Buildings Nil
6E Recreational Facilities Nil

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ECA Workshop - Brief