Erysipeloid
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Erysipeloid is a bacterial infection caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae that enters through damaged skin after contact with infected animals like pigs. It mainly affects farmers, butchers and cooks. The infection causes skin lesions and can spread to internal organs in rare cases. It usually clears up on its own but antibiotics like penicillin are prescribed to treat the infection.
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Erysipelas
Erysipelas is a bacterial skin infection caused by streptococci that extends into cutaneous lymphatics. It is characterized by a red, sharply demarcated, raised, and tender rash. The infection begins as a small erythematous patch that progresses and involves regional lymph nodes. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin for 10-20 days. Recurrence is common in patients with predisposing skin conditions. Complications can include abscesses, gangrene, and thrombophlebitis.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Leptospira interrogans. It is transmitted to humans via contact with water or soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals. Clinical features range from a mild flu-like illness to a potentially fatal disease affecting multiple organ systems. Diagnosis involves serological tests, culture, PCR and microscopic examination of body fluids. Treatment of severe cases requires supportive care and antibiotics such as penicillin or doxycycline to shorten illness duration and reduce mortality. Prevention focuses on controlling animal reservoirs and interrupting transmission routes.
2010 3-17-hfrs
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is caused by Hantaan viruses. It is characterized by fever, hemorrhage, proteinuria, shock, and acute renal failure. There are typically five phases: febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, diuretic, and convalescent. Laboratory findings include leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, increased BUN and creatinine, and detection of Hantaan virus antigen or antibody. The disease is diagnosed based on clinical features, epidemiological data, and laboratory examinations.
Scarlet fever ( infectious diseases )
is an upper respiratory tract bacterial infection associated with a characteristic rash, which is caused by an infection with pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) -producing GAS in individuals who do not have antitoxin antibodies In the past.
scarlet fever was thought to reflect infection of an individual lacking toxin-specific immunity with a toxin-producing strain of GAS.
Subsequent studies have suggested that development of the scarlet fever rash may reflect a hypersensitivity reaction requiring prior exposure to the toxin.
Erysipelas : causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention and treatments
Erysipelas is a bacterial skin infection that usually affects the top most layer of the skin. Erysipelas is very rare, but requires immediate treatment. Erysipelas is often associated with other skin infection known as cellulitis, which affects the lower layers of the skin.
Herpes zoster
This presentation done by 5th medical student
Any mistakes "if there" is from the sources that were written at the end.
Scarlet Fever
Scarlet fever is an upper respiratory tract infection associated with a characteristic rash caused by infection with pyrogenic exotoxin-producing group A streptococcus. The rash makes the skin have a goose-pimple appearance and the tongue appear strawberry-like. For patients with classic scarlet fever, antibiotic therapy with penicillin should be started immediately, as penicillin is the drug of choice. Erythromycin is recommended for patients allergic to penicillin.
Vzv infections
This document discusses human herpesviruses, focusing on varicella zoster virus which causes shingles (herpes zoster) and chickenpox. It describes how varicella zoster virus can reactivate after a latent infection to cause shingles, presenting as a painful skin rash localized to specific dermatomes. Complications of shingles can include postherpetic neuralgia, zoster ophthalmicus affecting the eye, and Ramsay Hunt syndrome impacting the ear and facial nerve. Advanced age is a risk factor for shingles as cellular immunity declines over time.
Recommended
Erysipelas
Erysipelas is a bacterial skin infection caused by streptococci that extends into cutaneous lymphatics. It is characterized by a red, sharply demarcated, raised, and tender rash. The infection begins as a small erythematous patch that progresses and involves regional lymph nodes. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin for 10-20 days. Recurrence is common in patients with predisposing skin conditions. Complications can include abscesses, gangrene, and thrombophlebitis.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Leptospira interrogans. It is transmitted to humans via contact with water or soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals. Clinical features range from a mild flu-like illness to a potentially fatal disease affecting multiple organ systems. Diagnosis involves serological tests, culture, PCR and microscopic examination of body fluids. Treatment of severe cases requires supportive care and antibiotics such as penicillin or doxycycline to shorten illness duration and reduce mortality. Prevention focuses on controlling animal reservoirs and interrupting transmission routes.
2010 3-17-hfrs
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is caused by Hantaan viruses. It is characterized by fever, hemorrhage, proteinuria, shock, and acute renal failure. There are typically five phases: febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, diuretic, and convalescent. Laboratory findings include leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, increased BUN and creatinine, and detection of Hantaan virus antigen or antibody. The disease is diagnosed based on clinical features, epidemiological data, and laboratory examinations.
Scarlet fever ( infectious diseases )
is an upper respiratory tract bacterial infection associated with a characteristic rash, which is caused by an infection with pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) -producing GAS in individuals who do not have antitoxin antibodies In the past.
scarlet fever was thought to reflect infection of an individual lacking toxin-specific immunity with a toxin-producing strain of GAS.
Subsequent studies have suggested that development of the scarlet fever rash may reflect a hypersensitivity reaction requiring prior exposure to the toxin.
Erysipelas : causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention and treatments
Erysipelas is a bacterial skin infection that usually affects the top most layer of the skin. Erysipelas is very rare, but requires immediate treatment. Erysipelas is often associated with other skin infection known as cellulitis, which affects the lower layers of the skin.
Herpes zoster
This presentation done by 5th medical student
Any mistakes "if there" is from the sources that were written at the end.
Scarlet Fever
Scarlet fever is an upper respiratory tract infection associated with a characteristic rash caused by infection with pyrogenic exotoxin-producing group A streptococcus. The rash makes the skin have a goose-pimple appearance and the tongue appear strawberry-like. For patients with classic scarlet fever, antibiotic therapy with penicillin should be started immediately, as penicillin is the drug of choice. Erythromycin is recommended for patients allergic to penicillin.
Vzv infections
This document discusses human herpesviruses, focusing on varicella zoster virus which causes shingles (herpes zoster) and chickenpox. It describes how varicella zoster virus can reactivate after a latent infection to cause shingles, presenting as a painful skin rash localized to specific dermatomes. Complications of shingles can include postherpetic neuralgia, zoster ophthalmicus affecting the eye, and Ramsay Hunt syndrome impacting the ear and facial nerve. Advanced age is a risk factor for shingles as cellular immunity declines over time.
Tularemia
Tularemia is a rare infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. It is commonly found in animals like rabbits and rodents and can infect humans through insect bites, contact with infected animal skin or meat, or inhalation. Symptoms vary depending on how the disease enters the body but can include ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, eye infections, and flu-like symptoms. While it poses a risk to humans, tularemia does not naturally occur in people. Diagnosis involves blood tests and cultures, and treatment consists of antibiotics for 10-21 days.
Scarlet fever Presentation.pptx
Scarlet fever is an infectious illness caused by Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria that affects the respiratory and skin systems. It develops from untreated strep throat. The bacteria produces toxins that cause a characteristic rash and fever. It is transmitted through direct contact with mucus or saliva from an infected person. Symptoms include a red rash, fever, sore throat, swollen neck glands, and peeling skin on fingers and toes. Diagnosis is made by checking for the rash and swabbing the throat. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin or erythromycin. Prevention focuses on handwashing and avoiding sharing personal items with infected individuals.
Meningococcal infection
This document provides information on meningococcal infection. It begins by defining meningococcal infection and describing its causative agent, Neisseria meningitidis. It then covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical forms, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of meningococcal infection. Key points include that it is transmitted via air droplets and can cause meningitis, meningococcemia, or both. Clinical features depend on the form but may include fever, rash, headache and vomiting. Diagnosis involves examining cerebrospinal fluid which shows pleocytosis. Meningococcal infection is a serious public health issue worldwide.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a worldwide public health problem. In humid tropical and subtropical areas, where most developing
countries are found, it is a greater problem than in those with a temperate climate. The magnitude of the problem in
tropical and subtropical regions can be largely attributed to climatic and environmental conditions but also to the
great likelihood of contact with a Leptospira-contaminated environment caused by, for example, local agricultural
practices and poor housing and waste disposal, all of which give rise to many sources of infection. In countries with
temperate climates, in addition to locally acquired leptospirosis, the disease may also be acquired by travellers
abroad, and particularly by those visiting the tropics.
Leptospirosis is a potentially serious but treatable disease. Its symptoms may mimic those of a number of other
unrelated infections such as influenza, meningitis, hepatitis, dengue or viral haemorrhagic fevers. Some of these
infections, in particular dengue, may give rise to large epidemics, and cases of leptospirosis that occur during such
epidemics may be overlooked. For this reason, it is important to distinguish leptospirosis from dengue and viral
haemorrhagic fevers, etc. in patients acquiring infections in countries where these diseases are endemic. At present,
this is still difficult, but new developments may reduce the technical problems in the near future. It is necessary,
therefore, to increase awareness and knowledge of leptospirosis as a public health threat.
Rickettsial infections
Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that can cause diseases like Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus. They are transmitted through arthropod bites like ticks, mites and fleas. Common symptoms include fever, headache and rash. Diagnosis involves serologic tests detecting IgM and IgG antibodies. Doxycycline is the treatment of choice. Clinical features along with exposure history and serology can help diagnose rickettsial infections.
Lecture enteroviruses
Enteroviruses are a genus of picornaviruses that replicate in the gut. There are at least 71 serotypes including polioviruses, coxsackie A and B viruses, echoviruses, and newer enteroviruses. They are single stranded RNA viruses with icosahedral symmetry that are stable in acid pH. Poliovirus was first identified in 1909 and causes the disease poliomyelitis, which can result in paralysis. The Sabin oral polio vaccine uses live attenuated poliovirus grown in monkey kidney cells to induce long lasting immunity after multiple doses.
scleroderma
Systemic sclerosis, or scleroderma, is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. It can be classified as either limited or diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis based on the extent of skin involvement. Common clinical features include Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening, gastrointestinal issues, lung fibrosis or pulmonary arterial hypertension, renal crisis, and calcinosis. The cause is unknown but likely involves environmental triggers in genetically susceptible individuals leading to endothelial cell dysfunction, inflammation, and excessive collagen deposition in affected tissues.
5 Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is caused by Hantaan viruses. It is characterized by fever, hemorrhage, acute kidney injury, and typically progresses through five phases - febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, diuretic, and convalescent. The febrile phase involves high fever, flushed skin, hemorrhaging, and protein in the urine. Later phases can involve shock, reduced urine output, electrolyte imbalances, and eventual recovery of kidney function.
Anthrax
This document provides an overview of anthrax, including its history, epidemiology, causative organism, transmission, clinical manifestations, management, prevention and control. It notes that anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis spores and primarily affects herbivores. The most common form is cutaneous anthrax, which presents as a characteristic skin lesion. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin. Prevention strategies include vaccinating animals and properly disposing of infected carcasses.
Pseudotuberculosis
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause pseudotuberculosis in humans. It is commonly transmitted through contaminated food and water. Symptoms include abdominal pain, fever, and diarrhea. Left untreated, it can spread from the intestines to other organs. Diagnosis involves culture of stool or blood samples. Treatment involves antibiotics like ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone for 1-2 weeks.
Herpes zoster
This document discusses Herpes zoster, also known as shingles. It is caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. Herpes zoster causes a painful rash and is characterized by inflammation of nerve ganglia and vesicles on the skin in the affected dermatome. It most commonly occurs in older adults and can be triggered by factors that weaken the immune system. Complications can include postherpetic neuralgia, in which pain continues after the rash clears. Treatment focuses on antiviral medication to accelerate healing and reduce pain. A vaccine is available to help prevent occurrence in older adults.
Fever with rash in dermatology.
A concise guide for DD of fever with rash. for residents in dermatology. made by me as a part of residency in dermatology.
Skin infections
This document discusses various skin conditions and infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It provides information on pathogens, signs and symptoms, and management for conditions like impetigo, boils, carbuncles, folliculitis, acne, ringworm, athlete's foot, candidiasis, herpes, and more. Treatment involves topical antiseptics, antibiotics, antifungals, or antivirals as appropriate for each condition. Prevention emphasizes hygiene, avoiding irritation, and not spreading infections between individuals.
Leptospira weil's disease
Leptospira are thin, spiral-shaped bacteria that can cause leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease. They have two flagella that allow for motility. Leptospirosis is transmitted through contact with urine from infected animals. It has varied clinical manifestations from mild flu-like symptoms to severe jaundice, kidney damage, and hemorrhaging known as Weil's disease. Diagnosis is made through microscopic agglutination testing of antibodies in serum. Proper treatment requires antibiotics.
Disease State Presentation: Herpes Simplex Virus
1. Herpes simplex virus is a double-stranded DNA virus that causes a variety of diseases through infection of mucosal surfaces. It has two types, HSV-1 and HSV-2, which can cause oral and genital lesions, respectively.
2. HSV infections are common worldwide and are transmitted through direct contact. Primary infections may present with localized lesions and systemic symptoms. Recurrent infections typically cause milder localized symptoms.
3. Diagnosis involves visual identification of lesions as well as laboratory tests to detect viral DNA. Antiviral medications can be used to treat infections and reduce symptoms.
Superficial bacterial infection
This document provides information on bacterial skin infections (pyodermas). It classifies pyodermas as either primary (caused by underlying conditions like eczema) or secondary (caused by pathogens). Non-follicular pyodermas include impetigo, ecthyma, erysipelas, and cellulitis. Follicular pyodermas include folliculitis, furunculosis, and carbuncle. Treatment involves identifying and treating predisposing factors, supportive measures, and using topical or oral antibiotics with gram-positive coverage depending on the severity and location of the infection. Localized infections are typically treated with topical antibiotics while widespread or deep infections may require oral antibiotics.
Cutaneous manifestations of HIV
Cutaneous manifestations are common in patients with HIV/AIDS and can present as the earliest sign of infection. A wide variety of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections can affect the skin, such as herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, human papilloma virus, and molluscum contagiosum virus. Non-infectious conditions like Kaposi's sarcoma and seborrheic dermatitis are also more prevalent. Recognition of cutaneous signs is important for early diagnosis and treatment of HIV, as skin disorders can severely impact quality of life.
Erythroderma
Erythroderma is defined as the scaling erythematous dermatitis involving 90% or more of the cutaneous surface.
Also known as exfoliative dermatitis
Idiopathic exfoliative dermatitis – also known as the “red man syndrome”, is characterized by marked palmoplantar keratoderma, dermatopathic lymphadenopathy,increased IgE.
Increased skin perfusion leads to
Temperature dysregulation >
Resulting in skin loss and hypothermia >
High output state >
Cardiac failure
BMR raises to compensate for heat loss
Increased dehydration due to transpiration (similar to burns)
All lead to negative nitrogen balance and characterized by edema, hypoalbuminemia, loss of muscle mass.
Meningococcal infections
This document discusses Neisseria meningitidis, the bacteria that causes meningococcal disease. It describes how the bacteria colonizes the nasopharynx and can spread to the bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid, potentially causing meningitis. Symptoms range from mild nasopharyngitis to fulminant sepsis. A petechial or purpuric rash is a hallmark of meningococcal disease. Treatment involves antibiotics, while vaccination and chemoprophylaxis are recommended for close contacts. Complications can include adrenal hemorrhage, arthritis, and tissue necrosis.
Scleroderma
Systemic sclerosis, or scleroderma, is a multisystem disorder characterized by vascular abnormalities, skin and organ fibrosis, and immune system activation. It can be classified as either diffuse or limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis based on the extent and pattern of skin involvement. Common clinical features include Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening, gastrointestinal issues, lung fibrosis, and renal crisis. Treatment involves managing symptoms, with immunosuppressants sometimes used to modify disease progression. Prognosis depends on subtype, with limited scleroderma carrying a better long-term survival rate than diffuse disease.
RABIES.pptx
Rabies is a fatal viral disease spread through the saliva of infected animals, most commonly dogs. It causes inflammation of the brain and central nervous system. The virus is transmitted via bites or licks on broken skin and mucous membranes from rabid animals. Dogs are the primary vector. Treatment involves thorough cleaning of wounds, vaccines, and immune globulin. Prevention focuses on vaccinating domestic animals, controlling stray animal populations, and caution around wild carriers like bats and foxes. Rabies remains a serious public health issue in developing nations.
Swine erysipelas
Erysipelas is an infectious disease mostly of growing or adult swine.
The disease may be acute, subacute, or chronic.
Although acute septicemic swine erysipelas can result in a high mortality rate, the greatest economic loss probably occurs from the chronic, nonfatal forms of the disease.
It may be clinically inapparent, may cause
acute illness
involving many animals, Sudden and unexpected deaths
chronic disease characterized by
enlarged joints, lameness, and endocarditis.
Rhomboid skin (diamond-skin) lesions are an inconsistent feature only associated with acute cases
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Tularemia
Tularemia is a rare infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. It is commonly found in animals like rabbits and rodents and can infect humans through insect bites, contact with infected animal skin or meat, or inhalation. Symptoms vary depending on how the disease enters the body but can include ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, eye infections, and flu-like symptoms. While it poses a risk to humans, tularemia does not naturally occur in people. Diagnosis involves blood tests and cultures, and treatment consists of antibiotics for 10-21 days.
Scarlet fever Presentation.pptx
Scarlet fever is an infectious illness caused by Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria that affects the respiratory and skin systems. It develops from untreated strep throat. The bacteria produces toxins that cause a characteristic rash and fever. It is transmitted through direct contact with mucus or saliva from an infected person. Symptoms include a red rash, fever, sore throat, swollen neck glands, and peeling skin on fingers and toes. Diagnosis is made by checking for the rash and swabbing the throat. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin or erythromycin. Prevention focuses on handwashing and avoiding sharing personal items with infected individuals.
Meningococcal infection
This document provides information on meningococcal infection. It begins by defining meningococcal infection and describing its causative agent, Neisseria meningitidis. It then covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical forms, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of meningococcal infection. Key points include that it is transmitted via air droplets and can cause meningitis, meningococcemia, or both. Clinical features depend on the form but may include fever, rash, headache and vomiting. Diagnosis involves examining cerebrospinal fluid which shows pleocytosis. Meningococcal infection is a serious public health issue worldwide.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a worldwide public health problem. In humid tropical and subtropical areas, where most developing
countries are found, it is a greater problem than in those with a temperate climate. The magnitude of the problem in
tropical and subtropical regions can be largely attributed to climatic and environmental conditions but also to the
great likelihood of contact with a Leptospira-contaminated environment caused by, for example, local agricultural
practices and poor housing and waste disposal, all of which give rise to many sources of infection. In countries with
temperate climates, in addition to locally acquired leptospirosis, the disease may also be acquired by travellers
abroad, and particularly by those visiting the tropics.
Leptospirosis is a potentially serious but treatable disease. Its symptoms may mimic those of a number of other
unrelated infections such as influenza, meningitis, hepatitis, dengue or viral haemorrhagic fevers. Some of these
infections, in particular dengue, may give rise to large epidemics, and cases of leptospirosis that occur during such
epidemics may be overlooked. For this reason, it is important to distinguish leptospirosis from dengue and viral
haemorrhagic fevers, etc. in patients acquiring infections in countries where these diseases are endemic. At present,
this is still difficult, but new developments may reduce the technical problems in the near future. It is necessary,
therefore, to increase awareness and knowledge of leptospirosis as a public health threat.
Rickettsial infections
Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that can cause diseases like Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus. They are transmitted through arthropod bites like ticks, mites and fleas. Common symptoms include fever, headache and rash. Diagnosis involves serologic tests detecting IgM and IgG antibodies. Doxycycline is the treatment of choice. Clinical features along with exposure history and serology can help diagnose rickettsial infections.
Lecture enteroviruses
Enteroviruses are a genus of picornaviruses that replicate in the gut. There are at least 71 serotypes including polioviruses, coxsackie A and B viruses, echoviruses, and newer enteroviruses. They are single stranded RNA viruses with icosahedral symmetry that are stable in acid pH. Poliovirus was first identified in 1909 and causes the disease poliomyelitis, which can result in paralysis. The Sabin oral polio vaccine uses live attenuated poliovirus grown in monkey kidney cells to induce long lasting immunity after multiple doses.
scleroderma
Systemic sclerosis, or scleroderma, is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. It can be classified as either limited or diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis based on the extent of skin involvement. Common clinical features include Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening, gastrointestinal issues, lung fibrosis or pulmonary arterial hypertension, renal crisis, and calcinosis. The cause is unknown but likely involves environmental triggers in genetically susceptible individuals leading to endothelial cell dysfunction, inflammation, and excessive collagen deposition in affected tissues.
5 Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is caused by Hantaan viruses. It is characterized by fever, hemorrhage, acute kidney injury, and typically progresses through five phases - febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, diuretic, and convalescent. The febrile phase involves high fever, flushed skin, hemorrhaging, and protein in the urine. Later phases can involve shock, reduced urine output, electrolyte imbalances, and eventual recovery of kidney function.
Anthrax
This document provides an overview of anthrax, including its history, epidemiology, causative organism, transmission, clinical manifestations, management, prevention and control. It notes that anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis spores and primarily affects herbivores. The most common form is cutaneous anthrax, which presents as a characteristic skin lesion. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin. Prevention strategies include vaccinating animals and properly disposing of infected carcasses.
Pseudotuberculosis
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause pseudotuberculosis in humans. It is commonly transmitted through contaminated food and water. Symptoms include abdominal pain, fever, and diarrhea. Left untreated, it can spread from the intestines to other organs. Diagnosis involves culture of stool or blood samples. Treatment involves antibiotics like ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone for 1-2 weeks.
Herpes zoster
This document discusses Herpes zoster, also known as shingles. It is caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. Herpes zoster causes a painful rash and is characterized by inflammation of nerve ganglia and vesicles on the skin in the affected dermatome. It most commonly occurs in older adults and can be triggered by factors that weaken the immune system. Complications can include postherpetic neuralgia, in which pain continues after the rash clears. Treatment focuses on antiviral medication to accelerate healing and reduce pain. A vaccine is available to help prevent occurrence in older adults.
Fever with rash in dermatology.
A concise guide for DD of fever with rash. for residents in dermatology. made by me as a part of residency in dermatology.
Skin infections
This document discusses various skin conditions and infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It provides information on pathogens, signs and symptoms, and management for conditions like impetigo, boils, carbuncles, folliculitis, acne, ringworm, athlete's foot, candidiasis, herpes, and more. Treatment involves topical antiseptics, antibiotics, antifungals, or antivirals as appropriate for each condition. Prevention emphasizes hygiene, avoiding irritation, and not spreading infections between individuals.
Leptospira weil's disease
Leptospira are thin, spiral-shaped bacteria that can cause leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease. They have two flagella that allow for motility. Leptospirosis is transmitted through contact with urine from infected animals. It has varied clinical manifestations from mild flu-like symptoms to severe jaundice, kidney damage, and hemorrhaging known as Weil's disease. Diagnosis is made through microscopic agglutination testing of antibodies in serum. Proper treatment requires antibiotics.
Disease State Presentation: Herpes Simplex Virus
1. Herpes simplex virus is a double-stranded DNA virus that causes a variety of diseases through infection of mucosal surfaces. It has two types, HSV-1 and HSV-2, which can cause oral and genital lesions, respectively.
2. HSV infections are common worldwide and are transmitted through direct contact. Primary infections may present with localized lesions and systemic symptoms. Recurrent infections typically cause milder localized symptoms.
3. Diagnosis involves visual identification of lesions as well as laboratory tests to detect viral DNA. Antiviral medications can be used to treat infections and reduce symptoms.
Superficial bacterial infection
This document provides information on bacterial skin infections (pyodermas). It classifies pyodermas as either primary (caused by underlying conditions like eczema) or secondary (caused by pathogens). Non-follicular pyodermas include impetigo, ecthyma, erysipelas, and cellulitis. Follicular pyodermas include folliculitis, furunculosis, and carbuncle. Treatment involves identifying and treating predisposing factors, supportive measures, and using topical or oral antibiotics with gram-positive coverage depending on the severity and location of the infection. Localized infections are typically treated with topical antibiotics while widespread or deep infections may require oral antibiotics.
Cutaneous manifestations of HIV
Cutaneous manifestations are common in patients with HIV/AIDS and can present as the earliest sign of infection. A wide variety of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections can affect the skin, such as herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, human papilloma virus, and molluscum contagiosum virus. Non-infectious conditions like Kaposi's sarcoma and seborrheic dermatitis are also more prevalent. Recognition of cutaneous signs is important for early diagnosis and treatment of HIV, as skin disorders can severely impact quality of life.
Erythroderma
Erythroderma is defined as the scaling erythematous dermatitis involving 90% or more of the cutaneous surface.
Also known as exfoliative dermatitis
Idiopathic exfoliative dermatitis – also known as the “red man syndrome”, is characterized by marked palmoplantar keratoderma, dermatopathic lymphadenopathy,increased IgE.
Increased skin perfusion leads to
Temperature dysregulation >
Resulting in skin loss and hypothermia >
High output state >
Cardiac failure
BMR raises to compensate for heat loss
Increased dehydration due to transpiration (similar to burns)
All lead to negative nitrogen balance and characterized by edema, hypoalbuminemia, loss of muscle mass.
Meningococcal infections
This document discusses Neisseria meningitidis, the bacteria that causes meningococcal disease. It describes how the bacteria colonizes the nasopharynx and can spread to the bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid, potentially causing meningitis. Symptoms range from mild nasopharyngitis to fulminant sepsis. A petechial or purpuric rash is a hallmark of meningococcal disease. Treatment involves antibiotics, while vaccination and chemoprophylaxis are recommended for close contacts. Complications can include adrenal hemorrhage, arthritis, and tissue necrosis.
Scleroderma
Systemic sclerosis, or scleroderma, is a multisystem disorder characterized by vascular abnormalities, skin and organ fibrosis, and immune system activation. It can be classified as either diffuse or limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis based on the extent and pattern of skin involvement. Common clinical features include Raynaud's phenomenon, skin thickening, gastrointestinal issues, lung fibrosis, and renal crisis. Treatment involves managing symptoms, with immunosuppressants sometimes used to modify disease progression. Prognosis depends on subtype, with limited scleroderma carrying a better long-term survival rate than diffuse disease.
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RABIES.pptx
Rabies is a fatal viral disease spread through the saliva of infected animals, most commonly dogs. It causes inflammation of the brain and central nervous system. The virus is transmitted via bites or licks on broken skin and mucous membranes from rabid animals. Dogs are the primary vector. Treatment involves thorough cleaning of wounds, vaccines, and immune globulin. Prevention focuses on vaccinating domestic animals, controlling stray animal populations, and caution around wild carriers like bats and foxes. Rabies remains a serious public health issue in developing nations.
Swine erysipelas
Erysipelas is an infectious disease mostly of growing or adult swine.
The disease may be acute, subacute, or chronic.
Although acute septicemic swine erysipelas can result in a high mortality rate, the greatest economic loss probably occurs from the chronic, nonfatal forms of the disease.
It may be clinically inapparent, may cause
acute illness
involving many animals, Sudden and unexpected deaths
chronic disease characterized by
enlarged joints, lameness, and endocarditis.
Rhomboid skin (diamond-skin) lesions are an inconsistent feature only associated with acute cases
Leptospira interrogans
This document discusses Leptospira, a pathogenic spirochete bacteria that causes leptospirosis. It is a zoonotic disease transmitted through contact with infected animal urine. Leptospira has a thin, coiled morphology and grows slowly in culture. It can penetrate skin or mucous membranes, causing a mild flu-like illness or the potentially fatal Weil's disease characterized by jaundice and kidney damage. Diagnosis involves culture, serology, or ELISA testing of blood, urine or CSF. Treatment is with penicillin or doxycycline. Prevention involves controlling rodent populations, vaccinating livestock, and taking protective measures during high risk activities like farming.
Erysipeloid.p by chamikaptx
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that causes erysipelas in animals like pigs, turkeys, and laying hens. It can also cause zoonotic erysipeloid infections in humans, which mainly affects those working with animals or animal products. Erysipeloid typically presents as a mild skin infection on the hands or fingers but can sometimes lead to sepsis or endocarditis. Penicillin is the treatment of choice and a 7-day course is usually effective.
Leptospiros
Leptospirosis is caused by Leptospira bacteria transmitted from infected animals to humans through contact with urine contaminated environments. It causes a range of symptoms from mild fever to severe disease impacting the liver and kidneys. Rats and mice are major reservoirs and transmit the bacteria through their urine, infecting livestock, pets, and people who come into contact with contaminated areas. Diagnosis involves culture, microscopy, serological tests and new rapid tests to detect antibodies in blood and urine.
Erysipelas jainish patel
Erysipelas is a bacterial skin infection caused by streptococci that extends into cutaneous lymphatics. It is characterized by a red, sharply demarcated, raised, and tender rash. The infection begins as a skin injury or break that allows bacteria entry. It then spreads through lymphatic vessels, causing regional lymph node swelling and tenderness. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin for 10-20 days. Recurrent infections may require long-term antibiotic prophylaxis. Complications are rare but can include abscesses, gangrene, or systemic infections.
Listeriosis 25-07-2023.ppt
Listeriosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes, which can affect various animal species and humans. It is characterized by fever, neurological signs, abortion, and sometimes sepsis. The bacteria can survive in the environment for long periods and is found in soil, vegetation, and animal feces. Infection occurs through ingestion of contaminated food or feed. In animals, it may cause encephalitis, abortion, or septicemia. Treatment involves antibiotics, with supportive care and isolation/disinfection to control spread.
erysipelas-jainishpatel-121123045440-phpapp02.pdf
Erysipelas is a bacterial skin infection caused by streptococci that extends into cutaneous lymphatics. It presents with a fiery red plaque with sharply demarcated advancing margins and local signs of inflammation. Risk factors include skin trauma, lymphatic impairment, and immunosuppression. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin for 10-20 days. Recurrence is common in those with predisposing skin conditions, and long-term antibiotic prophylaxis may be used. Complications are rare but include abscess, gangrene, and thrombophlebitis. With treatment, prognosis is generally excellent.
Lumpy skin disease- ppt file
Lumpy skin disease is a pox viral disease of cattle characterized by fever, skin nodules, and lesions in the mouth and respiratory tract. It can infect up to 45% of cattle in a herd and cause mortality of up to 10% as well as reduced milk production and fertility. The disease is transmitted by biting flies and can also spread through milk, saliva, and shared water sources. There is no treatment for lumpy skin disease. Vaccination is the best form of prevention and should be given annually to all cattle, especially before wet summer months when flies are more prevalent.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is caused by Leptospira bacteria. It is a zoonotic disease spread primarily through contact with infected animal urine. Leptospira appear as tightly coiled spiral bacteria seen best with dark field microscopy. They infect humans through breaks in skin or mucous membranes. Symptoms include fever, jaundice, hemorrhage and kidney or liver damage. Diagnosis involves culture, microscopy and serological tests. Treatment is with doxycycline or penicillin. Control relies on rodent control and vaccination of animals to prevent human exposure.
Rabies
Rabies is caused by a virus transmitted through the bites of infected mammals, most commonly dogs. It causes fatal inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. There are two forms: furious rabies results in hyperactivity and fear of water/air while paralytic rabies runs a slower course with muscle paralysis. Post-exposure prophylaxis, consisting of wound cleaning, vaccination and possibly immunoglobulin, is highly effective if administered promptly after exposure. Rabies remains a problem in developing countries where many deaths follow dog bites and access to treatment is limited. Controlling rabies requires vaccination of dogs as well as minimizing human exposure through education, regulations and oral vaccination of wildlife.
Leptospirosis: Its Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira bacteria transmitted through contact with infected animal urine. It is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions including parts of India. The disease affects both animals and humans. In animals, it can cause reproductive issues like abortions. In humans, symptoms range from flu-like illness to severe symptoms involving multiple organ failure. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of samples, culture, serological tests and PCR. Control relies on rodent control, sanitation measures, vaccination of animals, and personal protective measures for humans.
Hytadid Disease
Hydatid disease is caused by the larvae of the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm and less frequently by other Echinococcus species. The definitive hosts are dogs that pass eggs in their feces, while intermediate hosts include sheep, cattle and humans where cysts develop after egg ingestion. Symptoms may not appear for many years but can include abdominal pain and weight loss. Diagnosis involves blood tests and imaging to identify cyst structures. Surgery is most common treatment but medication may be needed to prevent cyst regrowth. Prevention includes not touching wild canines, keeping pets from eating rodents, and washing hands after pet contact.
Arboviruses
Arboviruses are viruses transmitted by arthropods like mosquitoes and ticks. They cause diseases in both animals and humans. There are two main transmission cycles - man-arthropod-man and animal-arthropod-man. Some major arboviruses include dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile virus and chikungunya. They can cause febrile illnesses, encephalitis or hemorrhagic fevers. Diagnosis involves virus isolation or serological tests. There are vaccines available for only a few arboviruses like yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis. Treatment is generally supportive care.
Vapor Trail desigf.pptx
This document discusses several parasites and diseases that affect animals. It describes Albendazole as an anthelmintic drug used to treat parasites like echinococcosis in the liver and lungs. It also mentions Ascariasis as a roundworm infection of swine, and tapeworms as a common intestinal parasite in dogs. The document provides signs of ringworm in pets, like hair loss and red skin, and describes lungworm as a respiratory infection in cattle causing coughing. Finally, it notes that young animals are most affected by gastrointestinal worms, which can cause diarrhea, weight loss, and blood or mucus in the feces.
Leptospirosis- Dr Ajay Tyagi
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The document discusses animal bites and rabies in Kuwait. It describes rabies disease and transmission, the epidemiology of animal bites in Kuwait from 2012-2016 which were mostly from dogs and cats, and the public health burden. It outlines the animal bite surveillance system in Kuwait which monitors post-exposure prophylaxis use, epidemiology, and immunity to help mitigate human risk of rabies. Proper management of animal bites including wound treatment, vaccination, and immunoglobulin can prevent rabies, which without treatment, is almost always fatal.
Hydatidosis
This document summarizes information about Hydatidosis, also known as echinococcosis or hydatid disease, which is caused by the cyst of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. It describes the life cycle of E. granulosus between canine and herbivore hosts, how humans can become accidentally infected, clinical signs including cyst formation, and recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and prevention which focus on breaking the parasite's life cycle.
Arboviruses
The document discusses several arthropod-borne diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas including malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, encephalitis, epidemic typhus, and bubonic plague. It then focuses on arboviruses, which are viruses transmitted between animals and humans by arthropod vectors like mosquitoes and ticks. Major arboviruses include those in the Togavirus, Bunyavirus, and Flavivirus families that cause diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and eastern and western equine encephalitis.
Viral disease
Viral diseases are caused by viruses and include many common illnesses like the common cold, chickenpox, dengue fever, rabies, and encephalitis. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella zoster virus and causes an itchy rash. Dengue fever causes fever, headache, joint pains and a skin rash similar to measles. Rabies virus is transmitted through animal bites and causes neurological symptoms. Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by viruses like herpes, polio, and measles infecting the brain.
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Leptospirosis: Its Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control
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Erysipeloid
- 3. Erysipeloid is an acute bacterial infection of traumatized skin and other organs. Erysipeloid is caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, which has been known to cause animal and human infections. Direct contact between meat infected with E rhusiopathiae and traumatized human skin results in erysipeloid. In animals, the organism causes swine erysipelas and several other diseases in poultry and sheep.
- 4. • Erysipeloid is an occupational disease. Humans acquire erysipeloid after direct contact with infected animals. • Erysipeloid is more common among farmers, butchers, cooks, homemakers, and anglers. • The infection is more likely to occur during the summer or early fall.
- 5. Prognosis • Erysipeloid usually is an acute, self-limited infection of the skin that resolves without consequences. • Cutaneous forms of erysipeloid usually are self-limited even without treatment; therefore, skin-limited erysipeloid has a fairly good prognosis with no long-term sequelae. • Individuals with the systemic form of erysipeloid, in which organs other than the skin are involved, may have neurologic, cardiologic, or other impairments. But it’s very rare
- 6. Treatment • The antibiotics of choice for the three forms of erysipeloid are penicillin or cephalosporin. • Ceftriaxone proved to have an effect against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. • In patients who are allergic to penicillin, ciprofloxacin alone or erythromycin in combination with rifampin may be used.
- 9. Sources • https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1054170-overview#a6 • http://www.pcds.org.uk/ee/images/made/ee/images/uploads/clinical/Erys ipeloid_2_611_404_70_http:www.pcds.org.ukeeassetsimgwatermark.gif_0_0_ 80_r_b_-5_-5_.jpg • https://www.huidziekten.nl/afbeeldingen/erysipeloid-4.jpg • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
- 10. Sources • https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1054170-overview#a6 • http://www.pcds.org.uk/ee/images/made/ee/images/uploads/clinical/Erys ipeloid_2_611_404_70_http:www.pcds.org.ukeeassetsimgwatermark.gif_0_0_ 80_r_b_-5_-5_.jpg • https://www.huidziekten.nl/afbeeldingen/erysipeloid-4.jpg • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/