Every morning, I get out of bed and go to work because I believe technology makes a difference. I believe that in the midst of global growth, numerous humanitarian crises, the increasing need for better resource management, and an evolving threat landscape, a new world is emerging. And I believe technology is playing a key role in making that world a better, safer, and healthier place for more people to enjoy. It feels good to be part of that.
Fundamentally, I believe the breakdown of traditional industry boundaries and increased cross-industry collaboration have enabled us to maximize the benefits of technology. Today, Ericsson works with partners in many different industries that all rely on connectivity embedded into their solutions, services, and products. Our early collaborations, which were with utilities and the automotive industry, have led to innovations like the Connected Vehicle Cloud and Smart Metering as a Service.
I am delighted that Harald Ludanek, Head of R&D at Scania (a leading manufacturer of heavy trucks, buses, coaches, and industrial and marine engines) agreed to contribute to this issue. His article on the significance of ICT – how digitalization and mobility will impact the automotive industry and bring about the intelligent transportation system (ITS) – illustrates the importance of new business relationships, ensuring that different sectors create innovative solutions together, and maximize the value they bring to people and society.
Technology is making it easier for people to protect their homes, families, and belongings. The standardization of antitheft systems in automobiles, for example, has led to a decline in car theft in most parts of the world. However, while technology offers improved security, somehow criminal countermeasures manage to keep up. In an article about end-to-end cryptography, a number of Ericsson experts highlight how car theft is no longer carried out with a slim jim and a screwdriver, but rather with highly sophisticated decryption algorithms, smartphones, and illegal access to software keys.
The protection of data – and the people who own it – as it travels across the network has always been a cornerstone of the telecoms industry. But in today’s world, no single organization can maintain end-to-end control over information as it is carried from source to destination, and so upholding the right to privacy is becoming an increasingly complex issue. And with quantum computing posing a threat to our current security systems, our experts point out that this will render certain existing methods of protection useless. Not only do protocols need a shake up, so does software — so it can work in lightweight mode for constrained or hardware-limited devices.
First, I welcome you to the new Ericsson Technology Review. For some months now, we have been working on how to continue to deliver our in-depth technical insights this journal is renowned for, but also how to offer a broader perspective on technology developments in ICT. So here it is...
I am delighted to be able to share some of my thoughts and the stories of Ericsson experts – their perspectives, concerns, and insights on advancements being made in technology.
Perhaps the most obvious change we’ve made is the name of the journal. As industries merge, overlap, and collaborate more, we find ourselves changing too. I daresay the situation is the same everywhere. Today, Ericsson’s experts have different sets of skills compared with just a few years ago. Our customers also have different problems: subscribers are more demanding, and technology is more complex as it weaves its way deeper into the fabric of our lives. Some of the people I have conversations with today work in businesses that didn’t exist, even a couple of years ago. So, in an attempt to clarify what this journal is about (reviewing technology), we added the word technology to its name.
To our long-standing readers, I would like to emphasize that the fundamental nature of our content – in-depth analyses of specific technologies, their consequences and benefits – hasn’t changed.
The biggest change comes in the form of a new technology trends section. As the CTO of a global ICT player, I am in the fortunate position of hearing about all kinds of innovations that are shaping our industry, and I get to hear them from the multiple perspectives of many different experts. And while technology development often follows an innumerable set of investigation paths, some of them tend to stick out. So, together with a couple of Ericsson experts, I have highlighted the five trends that I believe all of us in ICT should keep an eye on in the coming year. I'd say that virtualization, network slices, more data, more mobile, security, and billions of things are today's primary drivers in ICT.
Otherwise, it’s business as usual... Every month, we publish a new article online. Perhaps not surprisingly, 5G is on the agenda, including a vision for the core network, how transport networks will need to evolve, and how 5g will enable remote control. We’ll round off the year with some insights into cryptography and designing secure algorithms.
Ericsson is launching new software for Massive IoT on existing LTE network and this new software addresses the massive number of IoT devices and diversity of their connectivity requirements. The software includes key features enabling cellular networks to support applications such as Smart Cities, Smart Metering, Smart Agriculture.
With billions of things connecting in the Internet of Things, the extensive footprint, reliability, security and proven performance of cellular networks is the ideal platform for growth. With Ericsson software enhancements, it just got better.
Evolving cellular IoT for industry digitalizationEricsson
Ericsson lays out its vision for the evolution of cellular IoT and launches new offerings - enabling service providers to tap growth opportunities from industry digitalization.
Connected vineyards is an example of how the Internet of Things (IoT) is enabling the realization of the Networked Society, highlighting the ways new technology can be used to benefit business.
Ericsson envisions that in the future, everyone and everything that can benefit from being connected will be connected – we call this the Networked Society. This vision will be made possible with the rise of new technologies and business ecosystems. The Internet of Things (IoT) – where everyday objects are connected to the internet – will play an important role in this opportunity for growth, as it has the potential to transform every industry. Connected vineyards is an example of how the IoT is enabling the realization of the Networked Society, and highlight the ways that new technology can be used to benefit business.
The unique scale and security of this technology are particularly important when it comes to expanding applications in other industries, such as transportation, health, construction and manufacturing. These sectors also benefit from devices and objects that are securely connected to an internet network, allowing data to be analyzed with a view to improving day-to-day operations.
Ericsson’s IoT security service can be reused for large-scale IoT, Machine-to-Machine and industry use cases, without any adaptations. We can supply the software to the relevant IoT device and gateway developer community to shorten the time-to-market and increase uptake of the service. Not only does Ericsson provide a global connectivity solution for emerging business models, but we also ensure safe transfer of data and complete security.
Mobile World Congress is the world’s greatest mobile event where the industry gathers to experience new ideas and discuss future opportunities.
In our hall in Barcelona, customers and visitors had the opportunity to learn how we enable change and change-makers in the Networked Society, and how our latest technologies and services unlock new business opportunities.
This presentation gives you a taste from what we saw and heard during Mobile World Congress 2015, which was held in Barcelona, March 2-5.
First, I welcome you to the new Ericsson Technology Review. For some months now, we have been working on how to continue to deliver our in-depth technical insights this journal is renowned for, but also how to offer a broader perspective on technology developments in ICT. So here it is...
I am delighted to be able to share some of my thoughts and the stories of Ericsson experts – their perspectives, concerns, and insights on advancements being made in technology.
Perhaps the most obvious change we’ve made is the name of the journal. As industries merge, overlap, and collaborate more, we find ourselves changing too. I daresay the situation is the same everywhere. Today, Ericsson’s experts have different sets of skills compared with just a few years ago. Our customers also have different problems: subscribers are more demanding, and technology is more complex as it weaves its way deeper into the fabric of our lives. Some of the people I have conversations with today work in businesses that didn’t exist, even a couple of years ago. So, in an attempt to clarify what this journal is about (reviewing technology), we added the word technology to its name.
To our long-standing readers, I would like to emphasize that the fundamental nature of our content – in-depth analyses of specific technologies, their consequences and benefits – hasn’t changed.
The biggest change comes in the form of a new technology trends section. As the CTO of a global ICT player, I am in the fortunate position of hearing about all kinds of innovations that are shaping our industry, and I get to hear them from the multiple perspectives of many different experts. And while technology development often follows an innumerable set of investigation paths, some of them tend to stick out. So, together with a couple of Ericsson experts, I have highlighted the five trends that I believe all of us in ICT should keep an eye on in the coming year. I'd say that virtualization, network slices, more data, more mobile, security, and billions of things are today's primary drivers in ICT.
Otherwise, it’s business as usual... Every month, we publish a new article online. Perhaps not surprisingly, 5G is on the agenda, including a vision for the core network, how transport networks will need to evolve, and how 5g will enable remote control. We’ll round off the year with some insights into cryptography and designing secure algorithms.
Ericsson is launching new software for Massive IoT on existing LTE network and this new software addresses the massive number of IoT devices and diversity of their connectivity requirements. The software includes key features enabling cellular networks to support applications such as Smart Cities, Smart Metering, Smart Agriculture.
With billions of things connecting in the Internet of Things, the extensive footprint, reliability, security and proven performance of cellular networks is the ideal platform for growth. With Ericsson software enhancements, it just got better.
Evolving cellular IoT for industry digitalizationEricsson
Ericsson lays out its vision for the evolution of cellular IoT and launches new offerings - enabling service providers to tap growth opportunities from industry digitalization.
Connected vineyards is an example of how the Internet of Things (IoT) is enabling the realization of the Networked Society, highlighting the ways new technology can be used to benefit business.
Ericsson envisions that in the future, everyone and everything that can benefit from being connected will be connected – we call this the Networked Society. This vision will be made possible with the rise of new technologies and business ecosystems. The Internet of Things (IoT) – where everyday objects are connected to the internet – will play an important role in this opportunity for growth, as it has the potential to transform every industry. Connected vineyards is an example of how the IoT is enabling the realization of the Networked Society, and highlight the ways that new technology can be used to benefit business.
The unique scale and security of this technology are particularly important when it comes to expanding applications in other industries, such as transportation, health, construction and manufacturing. These sectors also benefit from devices and objects that are securely connected to an internet network, allowing data to be analyzed with a view to improving day-to-day operations.
Ericsson’s IoT security service can be reused for large-scale IoT, Machine-to-Machine and industry use cases, without any adaptations. We can supply the software to the relevant IoT device and gateway developer community to shorten the time-to-market and increase uptake of the service. Not only does Ericsson provide a global connectivity solution for emerging business models, but we also ensure safe transfer of data and complete security.
Mobile World Congress is the world’s greatest mobile event where the industry gathers to experience new ideas and discuss future opportunities.
In our hall in Barcelona, customers and visitors had the opportunity to learn how we enable change and change-makers in the Networked Society, and how our latest technologies and services unlock new business opportunities.
This presentation gives you a taste from what we saw and heard during Mobile World Congress 2015, which was held in Barcelona, March 2-5.
5G: made for innovation - presentation for University of Piraeus Msc studentsMaria Boura
The latest 5G market trends by Ericsson. A presentation that was delivered to the postgraduate students of the M.Sc. course on Digital culture, IoT and smart cities of the University of Piraeus in Greece on July 14, 2020.
Enable Critical broadband networks - When business performance, and even lives are at stake, you need technology that you can rely on. Around the world and across industries, there is a growing demand for business critical and mission-critical broadband communications. To serve these types of organizations, service providers need to deliver the highest level of availability, reliability and security . That is why we have launched a new Critical Broadband Networks offering, which enables service providers and government operators to ensure critical communications when it really matters.
The offering consists of:
Critical network capabilities: Guaranteeing performance of a business- or mission-critical network and enabling operators to effectively serve critical industries.
Critical broadband applications: Includes Ericsson’s Group-Radio application suite of Mission-Critical Push-to-Talk, Data and Video services. Combined, these provide land mobile radio users with a migration path to LTE and 5G, whilst retaining existing operational capabilities for mission-critical group communications.
Flexible deployments for private networks: deployment models for both local private networks as well as for nationwide networks, leveraging operators’ existing assets and operations to gain business scale, and faster time-to-market.
Ericsson Technology Review: Digital connectivity marketplaces to enrich 5G an...Ericsson
One of the key growth opportunities for the telecom industry is to provide network capabilities that support the digital transformation underway in most businesses and industries. Already today, we have a powerful technology foundation in place, and this will become even stronger with 5G. Now is the ideal time to evolve the business side of the equation toward platform business models, which will enable the telecom industry to prosper in multisided business ecosystems as well.
Ericsson ConsumerLab: Smart citizens PresentationEricsson
A report from Ericsson ConsumerLab shows how the internet facilitates smart choices in city life.
The idea of smart cities is an intriguing concept. However, the future will partly be a story of how the architects defining the way our future cities operate are going to be citizens themselves. As the internet makes us more informed, we are in turn making better informed decisions.
We are becoming smart citizens and through our changing behaviors, efficient practices and smarter social norms are developing in our cities.
The rise of the innovation platform
Society and industry are transforming at an unprecedented rate. At the same time, the network platform is emerging as an innovation platform with the potential to offer all the connectivity, processing, storage and security needed by current and future applications. In my 2019 trends article, featured in this issue of Ericsson Technology Review, I share my view of the future network platform in relation to six key technology trends.
This issue of the magazine also addresses critical topics such as trust enablement, the extension of computing resources all the way to the edge of the mobile network, the growing impact of the cloud in the telco domain, overcoming latency and battery consumption challenges, and the need for end-to-end connectivity. I hope it provides you with valuable insights about how to overcome the challenges ahead and take full advantage of new opportunities.
BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND DIGITAL REALITIES
The key role that connectivity plays in our personal and professional lives has never been more obvious than it is today. Thankfully, despite the sudden, dramatic changes in our behavior earlier this year, networks all around the world have proven to be highly resilient. At Ericsson, we’re committed to ensuring that the network platform continues to improve its ability to meet the full range of societal needs as well as supporting enterprises to stay competitive in the long term. We know that greater agility and speed will be essential.
This issue of our magazine includes several articles that explain Ericsson’s approach to future network development, including my annual technology trends article. The seven trends on this year’s list serve as a critical cornerstone in the development of a common Ericsson vision of what future networks will provide, and what sort of technology evolution will be required to get there.
ERIK EKUDDEN
Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer and Head of Group Function Technology
Ericsson Technology Review - issue 2, 2017Ericsson
The latest issue of Ericsson Technology Review includes articles that shed light on important topics including the evolution of LTE to fit the 5G future; an overview of the latest developments in microwave backhaul; and how DevOps can be used to satisfy demands for faster turnaround in feature development.
It also contains our annual technology trends article, in which I present what I believe are the five trends to watch in our industry in the years ahead, namely: an adaptable technology base, the dawn of true machine intelligence, end-to-end security and identity for IoT, an extended-distributed IoT platform, and overlaying reality with knowledge.
I hope you find the contents of this issue of the magazine as thought-provoking as I do. All of the articles included here are also available individually on our website. Please feel free to share them via e-mail or social media.
How to implement Internet of Things successfully creating the best experience and insuring successful distribution.
(Ericsson IoT Conference December 2014)
With Internet of Things we are now entering a reality where billions of physical objects are being embedded with online intelligence and layer upon layer of digital interactivity. These connections, whether between wearable devices, cars and home automation systems, or among networked urban infrastructure and sensor-equipped industrial machinery, will serve as enablers for much more dynamic “things” enhanced with a wealth of new services that bring innovation with improved product performance and achievement of new levels efficiency. (Ericsson IoT Conference December 2014)
5G New Radio has already evolved in important ways since the 3GPP standardized Release 15 in late 2018. The significant enhancements in Releases 16 and 17 are certain to play a critical role in expanding both the availability and the applicability of 5G NR in both industry and public services in the near future.
This Ericsson Technology Review article summarizes the most notable new developments in releases 16 and 17, grouped into two categories: enhancements to existing features and features that address new verticals and deployment scenarios. This analysis and our insights about the future beyond Release 17 is an important component of our work to help mobile network operators and other stakeholders better understand and plan for the many new 5G NR opportunities that are on the horizon.
Ericsson Technology Review: Technology trends 2018 - Five technology trends a...Ericsson
Ericsson CTO Erik Ekudden presents the five technology trends driving the creation of a future network platform that can deliver truly intuitive interaction between humans and machines.
Ericsson Technology Review - Issue 1, 2019Ericsson
Our participation at MWC in Barcelona this year revealed that a steadily growing number of mobile network operators and representatives from various industries are keen to explore the myriad of new opportunities that 5G represents for their businesses. In particular, we found that many are curious to learn more about the role of 5G in Industry 4.0 and other industry transformations, where it enables manufacturing companies leverage automation and data exchange technologies that require seamless communication across industrial processes.
Fittingly, the feature article in this issue of the magazine explains how 5G can be used most effectively in the fully-connected factories of the future. We also have excellent articles about the role of distributed cloud in supporting emerging industrial use cases, the necessity of business support systems that can handle IoT use cases, and important technology choices to consider in the design of massive IoT devices. Last but not least, we have included two articles that provide expert guidance regarding two key aspects of 5G deployment.
Feel free to share links to the magazine and/or individual articles with your colleagues and other contacts via e-mail or social media. Happy reading!
Presentation about Ericsson, the ICT market & industry trends and job opportunities for Postgraduate Students of the MSc in Computer Science at the Athens University of Economics & Business
Are you making money on your data assets? You could be. And there is more than one way. Boost innovation, tap into new revenue streams and industry sectors. It’s time to see the potential of big data.
5G: made for innovation - presentation for University of Piraeus Msc studentsMaria Boura
The latest 5G market trends by Ericsson. A presentation that was delivered to the postgraduate students of the M.Sc. course on Digital culture, IoT and smart cities of the University of Piraeus in Greece on July 14, 2020.
Enable Critical broadband networks - When business performance, and even lives are at stake, you need technology that you can rely on. Around the world and across industries, there is a growing demand for business critical and mission-critical broadband communications. To serve these types of organizations, service providers need to deliver the highest level of availability, reliability and security . That is why we have launched a new Critical Broadband Networks offering, which enables service providers and government operators to ensure critical communications when it really matters.
The offering consists of:
Critical network capabilities: Guaranteeing performance of a business- or mission-critical network and enabling operators to effectively serve critical industries.
Critical broadband applications: Includes Ericsson’s Group-Radio application suite of Mission-Critical Push-to-Talk, Data and Video services. Combined, these provide land mobile radio users with a migration path to LTE and 5G, whilst retaining existing operational capabilities for mission-critical group communications.
Flexible deployments for private networks: deployment models for both local private networks as well as for nationwide networks, leveraging operators’ existing assets and operations to gain business scale, and faster time-to-market.
Ericsson Technology Review: Digital connectivity marketplaces to enrich 5G an...Ericsson
One of the key growth opportunities for the telecom industry is to provide network capabilities that support the digital transformation underway in most businesses and industries. Already today, we have a powerful technology foundation in place, and this will become even stronger with 5G. Now is the ideal time to evolve the business side of the equation toward platform business models, which will enable the telecom industry to prosper in multisided business ecosystems as well.
Ericsson ConsumerLab: Smart citizens PresentationEricsson
A report from Ericsson ConsumerLab shows how the internet facilitates smart choices in city life.
The idea of smart cities is an intriguing concept. However, the future will partly be a story of how the architects defining the way our future cities operate are going to be citizens themselves. As the internet makes us more informed, we are in turn making better informed decisions.
We are becoming smart citizens and through our changing behaviors, efficient practices and smarter social norms are developing in our cities.
The rise of the innovation platform
Society and industry are transforming at an unprecedented rate. At the same time, the network platform is emerging as an innovation platform with the potential to offer all the connectivity, processing, storage and security needed by current and future applications. In my 2019 trends article, featured in this issue of Ericsson Technology Review, I share my view of the future network platform in relation to six key technology trends.
This issue of the magazine also addresses critical topics such as trust enablement, the extension of computing resources all the way to the edge of the mobile network, the growing impact of the cloud in the telco domain, overcoming latency and battery consumption challenges, and the need for end-to-end connectivity. I hope it provides you with valuable insights about how to overcome the challenges ahead and take full advantage of new opportunities.
BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND DIGITAL REALITIES
The key role that connectivity plays in our personal and professional lives has never been more obvious than it is today. Thankfully, despite the sudden, dramatic changes in our behavior earlier this year, networks all around the world have proven to be highly resilient. At Ericsson, we’re committed to ensuring that the network platform continues to improve its ability to meet the full range of societal needs as well as supporting enterprises to stay competitive in the long term. We know that greater agility and speed will be essential.
This issue of our magazine includes several articles that explain Ericsson’s approach to future network development, including my annual technology trends article. The seven trends on this year’s list serve as a critical cornerstone in the development of a common Ericsson vision of what future networks will provide, and what sort of technology evolution will be required to get there.
ERIK EKUDDEN
Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer and Head of Group Function Technology
Ericsson Technology Review - issue 2, 2017Ericsson
The latest issue of Ericsson Technology Review includes articles that shed light on important topics including the evolution of LTE to fit the 5G future; an overview of the latest developments in microwave backhaul; and how DevOps can be used to satisfy demands for faster turnaround in feature development.
It also contains our annual technology trends article, in which I present what I believe are the five trends to watch in our industry in the years ahead, namely: an adaptable technology base, the dawn of true machine intelligence, end-to-end security and identity for IoT, an extended-distributed IoT platform, and overlaying reality with knowledge.
I hope you find the contents of this issue of the magazine as thought-provoking as I do. All of the articles included here are also available individually on our website. Please feel free to share them via e-mail or social media.
How to implement Internet of Things successfully creating the best experience and insuring successful distribution.
(Ericsson IoT Conference December 2014)
With Internet of Things we are now entering a reality where billions of physical objects are being embedded with online intelligence and layer upon layer of digital interactivity. These connections, whether between wearable devices, cars and home automation systems, or among networked urban infrastructure and sensor-equipped industrial machinery, will serve as enablers for much more dynamic “things” enhanced with a wealth of new services that bring innovation with improved product performance and achievement of new levels efficiency. (Ericsson IoT Conference December 2014)
5G New Radio has already evolved in important ways since the 3GPP standardized Release 15 in late 2018. The significant enhancements in Releases 16 and 17 are certain to play a critical role in expanding both the availability and the applicability of 5G NR in both industry and public services in the near future.
This Ericsson Technology Review article summarizes the most notable new developments in releases 16 and 17, grouped into two categories: enhancements to existing features and features that address new verticals and deployment scenarios. This analysis and our insights about the future beyond Release 17 is an important component of our work to help mobile network operators and other stakeholders better understand and plan for the many new 5G NR opportunities that are on the horizon.
Ericsson Technology Review: Technology trends 2018 - Five technology trends a...Ericsson
Ericsson CTO Erik Ekudden presents the five technology trends driving the creation of a future network platform that can deliver truly intuitive interaction between humans and machines.
Ericsson Technology Review - Issue 1, 2019Ericsson
Our participation at MWC in Barcelona this year revealed that a steadily growing number of mobile network operators and representatives from various industries are keen to explore the myriad of new opportunities that 5G represents for their businesses. In particular, we found that many are curious to learn more about the role of 5G in Industry 4.0 and other industry transformations, where it enables manufacturing companies leverage automation and data exchange technologies that require seamless communication across industrial processes.
Fittingly, the feature article in this issue of the magazine explains how 5G can be used most effectively in the fully-connected factories of the future. We also have excellent articles about the role of distributed cloud in supporting emerging industrial use cases, the necessity of business support systems that can handle IoT use cases, and important technology choices to consider in the design of massive IoT devices. Last but not least, we have included two articles that provide expert guidance regarding two key aspects of 5G deployment.
Feel free to share links to the magazine and/or individual articles with your colleagues and other contacts via e-mail or social media. Happy reading!
Presentation about Ericsson, the ICT market & industry trends and job opportunities for Postgraduate Students of the MSc in Computer Science at the Athens University of Economics & Business
Are you making money on your data assets? You could be. And there is more than one way. Boost innovation, tap into new revenue streams and industry sectors. It’s time to see the potential of big data.
Big Data Taiwan 2014 Track1-3: Big Data, Big Challenge — Splunk 幫你解決 Big Data...Etu Solution
講者:SYSTEX 數據加值應用發展部產品經理 | 陶靖霖
議題簡介:認清現實吧! Big Data 是個熱門詞彙、熱門議題,但是問題的核心仍然圍繞在資料處理的流程、架構與技術,要踏入 Big Data 的領域,使用者會遭遇哪些挑戰? Splunk 被譽為「全球最佳的 Big Data Company」,究竟在資料處理的流程中擁有什麼獨特的技術優勢,能夠幫助使用者克服這些挑戰?又有哪些成功幫助使用者從資料中萃取出價值的應用案例?歡迎來認識 Splunk 以及全球 Big Data 成功案例。
How do APIs and IoT relate? The answer is not as simple as merely adding an API on top of a dumb device, but rather about understanding the architectural patterns for implementing an IoT fabric. There are typically two or three trends:
Exposing the device to a management framework
Exposing that management framework to a business centric logic
Exposing that business layer and data to end users.
This last trend is the IoT stack, which involves a new shift in the separation of what stuff happens, where data lives and where the interface lies. For instance, it's a mix of architectural styles between cloud, APIs and native hardware/software configurations.
Ericsson Technology Review: Spotlight on the Internet of ThingsEricsson
The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a fundamental cornerstone in the digitalization of both industry and society as a whole. It represents a huge opportunity not only in economic terms, but also from a global challenges perspective – making it easier for governments, non-governmental organizations and the private sector to address pressing food, energy, water and climate related issues.
5G and the IoT are closely intertwined. One of the biggest innovations within 5G is support for the IoT in all its forms, both by addressing mission criticality as well as making it possible to connect low-cost, long-battery-life sensors.
With this in mind, we decided to create a special issue of Ericsson Technology Review solely focused on IoT opportunities and challenges. I hope it provides you with valuable insights about the IoT-related opportunities available to your organization, along with ideas about how we can overcome the challenges ahead.
Ericsson Technology Review, issue #2, 2016Ericsson
The latest issue of Ericsson Technology Review covers a wide range of topics including narrowband Internet of Things, the next-generation central office, telco-grade platform as a service, 4G/5G RAN architecture, and cloud robotics enabled by 5G. The feature story – Five trends shaping innovation in ICT – presents what I consider to be the major technology trends that will stimulate innovation in the coming year. Do you agree with me? I’d love to hear from you with any feedback you might have.
If I were to suggest one takeaway from all of the articles included in this issue, I would say it is speed. Device processing is getting faster, data speeds are constantly increasing and radio speeds are approaching those of fiber. More people are becoming subscribers, more things are becoming connected and more applications are running constantly. Developers of new technologies are working hard to enhance responsiveness by reducing latency, a key performance parameter. The capability to determine which functions can be virtualized to maximize ideal placement in the network and ensure low latency is one of the primary driving factors behind the proposed split of radio-access architecture discussed in this issue.
As always, I hope you find our stories relevant and inspiring.
Ericsson Technology Review - Issue 1, 2018Ericsson
We are publishing this magazine shortly after the first release of a completely new standard – 5G – from 3GPP. Fittingly, many of the articles in this issue relate to what we think is most important in 5G and how to address the new opportunities that it entails.
One of the key reasons for the flexibility provided in 5G is the desire to support industries to use connectivity, virtualization, machine intelligence and other technologies to change their processes and business models as part of the next industrial revolution, Industry 4.0. It is therefore a pleasure to be able to include an article that we have co-written with Comau and the Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies on the topic of industrial automation.
I hope you find the contents of this issue of the magazine as intriguing as I do. Please feel free to share links to the magazine and/or individual articles via e-mail or social media.
Ericsson Technology Review - Issue 2, 2018Ericsson
Technology development keeps getting faster and more interconnected, with new innovations appearing every day. As a result, we’re swiftly moving toward the realization of the “Augmented Connected Society” – a world characterized by ubiquitous internet access for all, self-learning robots and truly intuitive interaction between humans and machines. But how can our industry best prepare for this future?
In my role as CTO, I have the challenging and exhilarating annual task of identifying the five technology trends of the future that are (or will be) most relevant to our industry. You can find my insights and reflections in the Technology Trends article included in this issue of the magazine.
It is my hope that the Technology Trends article, together with the other five articles in this issue, will generate a variety of stimulating future-focused discussions in your workplace. Please feel free to share links to the magazine and/or individual articles with your colleagues and other contacts via e-mail or social media.
Internet of Things (IoT) will enable dramatic society transformation. This seminar presents an introduction to the IoT and explains why IoT Security is important.
Then it presents security issues in wireless sensor networks that constitute a main ingredient of IoT.
Seminar given at Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC) on 28 January 2015.
Mobile data traffic volumes are expected to increase by a factor of four by 2025, and 45 percent of that traffic will be carried by 5G networks. To deliver on customer expectations in this rapidly changing environment, communication service providers must overcome challenges in three key areas: building sufficient capacity, resolving operational inefficiencies through automation and artificial intelligence, and improving service differentiation. This issue of ETR magazine provides insights about how to tackle all three.
Industry of Things World 2016 - Post Event ReportsRamona Kohrs
Industry of Things World is an international knowledge exchange platform bringing together more than 1000 high-level executives who play an active role in the Industrial Internet of Things scene.
Rethink your technology & business strategy for scalable, secure and efficient IoT: cloud, robotics, automation, standards, interoperability, security, data!
Internet of things_by_economides_keynote_speech_at_ccit2014_finalAnastasios Economides
Internet of Things forecast, economics, applications, technology, research challenges, sensor networks security, attack models, countermeasures, network security visualization
Most Impressive Leaders in Cybersecurity, Making Waves in the Industry 2023.pdfCIO Look Magazine
This edition features The Most Impressive Leaders in Cybersecurity, Making Waves in the Industry that are at the forefront of leading us into a digital future
Read More: https://ciolook.com/most-impressive-leaders-in-cybersecurity-making-waves-in-the-industry-2023-august2023/
Security of Things World 2016 - Post Event ReportRamona Kohrs
Over 220 international attendees came together in June in Berlin to discuss and define the future role of security in the interconnected and smart world of the Internet of Things for businesses. We had the honour to hear from European Government representatives (Federal Ministry of the Interior, Federal Office for Information Security), from the most innovative real world case studies on how Security is challenging businesses and from the leading solution providers in the field (GE Digital, HPE, IBM, Microsoft and many more). With all major verticals represented, Security of Things World is the event in the centre of where connections are made, news are announced and the Security of IoT community comes together to define future security strategies.
The M2M Journal is a magazine that focuses on M2M (Machine-to-Machine communication) and IoT (Internet of Things) worldwide. Our readers are businesses in the M2M/IoT community, such as wholesalers and users of M2M/IoT solutions. The content includes: theoretical foundations, new products and processes, reference projects and services, information from the M2M Alliance and the M2M/IoT community, corporate presentations, and opinions from M2M/IoT experts.
Efficient ECC-Based Authentication Scheme for Fog-Based IoT EnvironmentIJCNCJournal
The rapid growth of cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) applications faces several threats, such as latency, security, network failure, and performance. These issues are solved with the development of fog computing, which brings storage and computation closer to IoT-devices. However, there are several challenges faced by security designers, engineers, and researchers to secure this environment. To ensure the confidentiality of data that passes between the connected devices, digital signature protocols have been applied to the authentication of identities and messages. However, in the traditional method, a user's private key is directly stored on IoTs, so the private key may be disclosed under various malicious attacks. Furthermore, these methods require a lot of energy, which drains the resources of IoT-devices. A signature scheme based on the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) is proposed in this paper to improve the security of the private key and the time taken for key-pair generation. ECDSA security is based on the intractability of the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP), which allows one to use much smaller groups. Smaller group sizes directly translate into shorter signatures, which is a crucial feature in settings where communication bandwidth is limited, or data transfer consumes a large amount of energy. In this paper, we have chosen the safe curve types of elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) such as M221, SECP256r1, curve 25519, Brainpool P256t1, and M-551. These types of curves are the most secure curves of other curves of ECC as their security is based on the complexity of the ECDLP of the curve. And these types of curves exceed the complexity of the ECDLP. A valid signature can be generated without reestablishing the whole private key. ECDSA ensures data security and successfully reduces intermediate attacks. The efficiency and effectiveness of ECDSA in the IoT environment are validated by experimental evaluation and comparison analysis. The results indicate that, in comparison to the two-party ECDSA and RSA, the proposed ECDSA decreases computation time by 65% and 87%, respectively. Additionally, as compared to two-party ECDSA and RSA, respectively, it reduces energy consumption by 77% and 82%.
Efficient ECC-Based Authentication Scheme for Fog-Based IoT EnvironmentIJCNCJournal
The rapid growth of cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) applications faces several threats, such as latency, security, network failure, and performance. These issues are solved with the development of fog computing, which brings storage and computation closer to IoT-devices. However, there are several challenges faced by security designers, engineers, and researchers to secure this environment. To ensure the confidentiality of data that passes between the connected devices, digital signature protocols have been applied to the authentication of identities and messages. However, in the traditional method, a user's private key is directly stored on IoTs, so the private key may be disclosed under various malicious attacks. Furthermore, these methods require a lot of energy, which drains the resources of IoT-devices. A signature scheme based on the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) is proposed in this paper to improve the security of the private key and the time taken for key-pair generation. ECDSA security is based on the intractability of the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP), which allows one to use much smaller groups. Smaller group sizes directly translate into shorter signatures, which is a crucial feature in settings where communication bandwidth is limited, or data transfer consumes a large amount of energy. In this paper, we have chosen the safe curve types of elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) such as M221, SECP256r1, curve 25519, Brainpool P256t1, and M-551. These types of curves are the most secure curves of other curves of ECC as their security is based on the complexity of the ECDLP of the curve. And these types of curves exceed the complexity of the ECDLP. A valid signature can be generated without reestablishing the whole private key. ECDSA ensures data security and successfully reduces intermediate attacks. The efficiency and effectiveness of ECDSA in the IoT environment are validated by experimental evaluation and comparison analysis. The results indicate that, in comparison to the two-party ECDSA and RSA, the proposed ECDSA decreases computation time by 65% and 87%, respectively. Additionally, as compared to two-party ECDSA and RSA, respectively, it reduces energy consumption by 77% and 82%.
Ericsson Technology Review: Boosting smart manufacturing with 5G wireless con...Ericsson
5G wireless connectivity is designed to enable the fully-connected factories of the future. Creating the necessary transparency across all processes and assets at all times requires robust communication between goods, production systems, logistics chains, people and processes throughout a product’s complete life cycle, spanning everything from design, ordering, manufacturing, delivery and field maintenance to recycling and reuse. The integration of 5G ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) in the manufacturing process will accelerate the transformation of the manufacturing industry and make smart factories more efficient and productive than ever.
Ericsson Technology Review: Versatile Video Coding explained – the future of ...Ericsson
Continuous innovation in 5G networks is creating new opportunities for video-enabled services for both consumers and industries, particularly in areas such as the Internet of Things and the automotive sector. These new services are expected to rely on continued video evolution toward 8K resolutions and beyond, and on new strict requirements such as low end-to-end latency for video delivery.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explores recent developments in video compression technology and introduces Versatile Video Coding (VVC) – a significant improvement on existing video codecs that we think deserves to be widely deployed in the market. VVC has the potential both to enhance the user experience for existing video services and offer an appropriate performance level for new media services over 5G networks.
Ericsson Technology Review: Integrated access and backhaul – a new type of wi...Ericsson
Today millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum is valued mainly because it can be used to achieve high speeds and capacities when combined with spectrum assets below 6GHz. But it can provide other benefits as well. For example, mmWave spectrum makes it possible to use a promising new wireless backhaul solution for 5G New Radio – integrated access and backhaul (IAB) – to densify networks with multi-band radio sites at street level.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explains the IAB concept at a high level, presenting its architecture and key characteristics, as well as examining its advantages and disadvantages compared with other backhaul technologies. It concludes with a presentation of the promising results of several simulations that tested IAB as a backhaul option for street sites in both urban and suburban areas.
Ericsson Technology Review: Critical IoT connectivity: Ideal for time-critica...Ericsson
Critical Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity is an emerging concept in IoT development that enables more efficient and innovative services across a wide range of industries by reliably meeting time-critical communication needs. Mobile network operators (MNOs) are in the perfect position to enable these types of time-critical services due to their ability to leverage advanced 5G networks in a systematic and cost-effective way.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explores the benefits of Critical IoT connectivity in areas such as industrial control, mobility automation, remote control and real-time media. It also provides an overview of key network technologies and architectures. It concludes with several case studies based on two deployment scenarios – wide area and local area – that illustrate how well suited 5G spectrum assets are for Critical IoT use cases.
Ericsson Technology Review: The future of cloud computing: Highly distributed...Ericsson
The growing interest in cloud computing scenarios that incorporate both distributed computing capabilities and heterogeneous hardware presents a significant opportunity for network operators. With a vast distributed system (the telco network) already in place, the telecom industry has a significant advantage in the transition toward distributed cloud computing.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explores the future of cloud computing from the perspective of network operators, examining how they can best manage the complexity of future cloud deployments and overcome the technical challenges. Redefining cloud to expose and optimize the use of heterogeneous resources is not straightforward, but we are confident that our use cases and proof points validate our approach and will gain traction both in the telecommunications community and beyond.
Ericsson Technology Review: Optimizing UICC modules for IoT applicationsEricsson
Commonly referred to as SIM cards, the universal integrated circuit cards (UICCs) used in all cellular devices today are in fact complex and powerful minicomputers capable of much more than most Internet of Things (IoT) applications require. Until a simpler and less costly alternative becomes available, action must be taken to ensure that the relatively high price of UICC modules does not hamper IoT growth.
This Ericsson Technology Review article presents two mid-term approaches. The first is to make use of techniques that reduce the complexity of using UICCs in IoT applications, while the second is to use the UICCs’ excess capacity for additional value generation. Those who wish to exploit the potential of the UICCs to better support IoT applications have the opportunity to use them as cryptographic storage, to run higher-layer protocol stacks and/or as supervisory entities, for example.
Ericsson Technology Review: 5G BSS: Evolving BSS to fit the 5G economyEricsson
The 5G network evolution has opened up an abundance of new business opportunities for communication service providers (CSPs) in verticals such as industrial automation, security, health care and automotive. In order to successfully capitalize on them, CSPs must have business support systems (BSS) that are evolved to manage complex value chains and support new business models. Optimized information models and a high degree of automation are required to handle huge numbers of devices through open interfaces.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explains how 5G-evolved BSS can help CSPs transform themselves from traditional network developers to service enablers for 5G and the Internet of Things, and ultimately to service creators with the ability to collaborate beyond telecoms and establish lucrative digital value systems.
Ericsson Technology Review: 5G migration strategy from EPS to 5G systemEricsson
For many operators, the introduction of the 5G System (5GS) to provide wide-area services in existing Evolved Packet System (EPS) deployments is a necessary step toward creating a full-service, future-proof 5GS in the longer term. The creation of a combined 4G-5G network requires careful planning and a holistic strategy, as the introduction of 5GS has significant impacts across all network domains, including the RAN, packet core, user data and policies, and services, as well as affecting devices and backend systems.
This Ericsson Technology Review article provides an overview of all the aspects that operators need to consider when putting together a robust EPS-to-5GS migration strategy and provides guidance about how they can adapt the transition to address their particular needs per domain.
Ericsson Technology Review: Creating the next-generation edge-cloud ecosystemEricsson
The surge in data volume that will come from the massive number of devices enabled by 5G has made edge computing more important than ever before. Beyond its abilities to reduce network traffic and improve user experience, edge computing will also play a critical role in enabling use cases for ultra-reliable low-latency communication in industrial manufacturing and a variety of other sectors.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explores the topic of how to deliver distributed edge computing solutions that can host different kinds of platforms and applications and provide a high level of flexibility for application developers. Rather than building a new application ecosystem and platform, we strongly recommend reusing industrialized and proven capabilities, utilizing the momentum created with Cloud Native Computing Foundation, and ensuring backward compatibility.
Ericsson Technology Review: Driving transformation in the automotive and road...Ericsson
A variety of automotive and transport services that require cellular connectivity are already in commercial operation today, and many more are yet to come. Among other things, these services will improve road safety and traffic efficiency, saving lives and helping to reduce the emissions that contribute to climate change. At Ericsson, we believe that the best way to address the growing connectivity needs of this industry sector is through a common network solution, as opposed to taking a single-segment silo approach.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explains how the ongoing rollout of 5G provides a cost-efficient and feature-rich foundation for a horizontal multiservice network that can meet the connectivity needs of the automotive and transport ecosystem. It also outlines the key challenges and presents potential solutions.
This presentation explains the importance of SD-WAN technology as part of the Enterprise digital transformation strategy. It goes over the first wave of SD-WAN in a single vendor deployment, with Do-it-yourself (DIY) as the preferred model. Then continues with the importance of orchestration in the second wave of SD-WAN deployments in a multi-vendor ecosystem, turning to SD-WAN Managed Services as the preferred model. It ends up with some examples of use cases and the Verizon customer case. More information on Ericsson Dynamic orchestration - http://m.eric.sn/6rsZ30psKLu
Ericsson Technology Review: 5G-TSN integration meets networking requirements ...Ericsson
Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is becoming the standard Ethernet-based technology for converged networks of Industry 4.0. Understanding the importance and relevance of TSN features, as well as the capabilities that allow 5G to achieve wireless deterministic and time-sensitive communication, is essential to industrial automation in the future.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explains how TSN is an enabler of Industry 4.0, and that together with 5G URLLC capabilities, the two key technologies can be combined and integrated to provide deterministic connectivity end to end. It also discusses TSN standards and the value of the TSN toolbox for next generation industrial automation networks.
Ericsson Technology Review: Meeting 5G latency requirements with inactive stateEricsson
Low latency communication and minimal battery consumption are key requirements of many 5G and IoT use cases, including smart transport and critical control of remote devices. Thanks to Ericsson’s 4G/5G research activities and lessons learned from legacy networks, we have identified solutions that address both of these requirements by reducing the amount of signaling required during state transitions, and shared our discoveries with the 3GPP.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explains the why and how behind the new Radio Resource Control (RRC) state model in the standalone version of the 5G New Radio standard, which features a new, Ericsson-developed state called inactive. On top of overcoming latency and battery consumption challenges, the new state also increases overall system capacity by decreasing the processing effort in the network.
Ericsson Technology Review: Cloud-native application design in the telecom do...Ericsson
Cloud-native application design is set to become standard practice in the telecom industry in the near future due to the major efficiency gains it can provide, particularly in terms of speeding up software upgrades and releases. At Ericsson, we have been actively exploring the potential of cloud-native computing in the telecom industry since we joined the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) a few years ago.
This Ericsson Technology Review article explains the opportunities that CNCF technology has enabled, as well as unveiling key aspects of our application development framework, which is designed to help navigate the transition to a cloud-native approach. It also discusses the challenges that the large-scale reuse of open-source technology can raise, along with key strategies for how to mitigate them.
Ericsson Technology Review: Service exposure: a critical capability in a 5G w...Ericsson
To meet the requirements of use cases in areas such as the Internet of Things, AR/VR, Industry 4.0 and the automotive sector, operators need to be able to provide computing resources across the whole telco domain – all the way to the edge of the mobile network. Service exposure and APIs will play a key role in creating solutions that are both effective and cost efficient.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explores recent advances in the service exposure area that have resulted from the move toward 5G and the adoption of cloud-native principles, as well as the combination of Service-based Architecture, microservices and container technologies. It includes examples that illustrate how service exposure can be deployed in a multitude of locations, each with a different set of requirements that drive modularity and configurability needs.
Ericsson Technology Review: Key technology choices for optimal massive IoT de...Ericsson
The massive IoT device domain faces two key challenges: cost-efficiently connecting a large number of devices in a wide area, and efficiently managing these devices over their complete life cycle. Further, since security and trust are key requirements in most massive IoT applications, it is important to ensure that the devices are secure, both in terms of communication and data integrity end-to-end (E2E), from device to data usage.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explores how to address these challenges in five key technology areas – connectivity, communication protocols, security, identity solutions and machine intelligence (MI). Carefully considered choices in these areas make it possible to achieve the desired key device characteristics and create IoT devices that support the multitude of existing and emerging massive IoT use cases.
With 5G bringing in new possibilities for operators across the globe, a higher capacity microwave backhaul becomes even more important to ensure high-quality mobile broadband. This year’s Ericsson Microwave Outlook report discusses how this demand can be met with advanced microwave technology, spectrum, combination with fiber, and machine intelligence.
Ericsson Technology Review: Simplifying the 5G ecosystem by reducing architec...Ericsson
One critical aspect of a successful 5G deployment is the mobile network operator’s ability to support user equipment, radio network, core network and management products that are manufactured by a multitude of device and network equipment vendors. The multiple connectivity options in 3GPP architecture for 5G have created several possible deployment alternatives.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article argues that there is a significant risk of ecosystem fragmentation if too many different connectivity options are deployed. After considering all the options, the authors conclude that a deployment approach based on options 3 and 2 will reduce network upgrade cost and time, simplify interoperability between networks and devices, and enable a faster scaling of the 5G ecosystem.
Ericsson Technology Review: Distributed cloud - A key enabler of automotive a...Ericsson
Emerging use cases in industries where the first phases of the fourth industrial revolution are taking place, such as automotive and manufacturing, are creating new requirements for networks and clouds. At Ericsson, we believe that distributed cloud will be a key technology to support such use cases.
The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explains how distributed cloud technology exploits key features available in both 4G and 5G networks to enable a distributed execution environment for applications that ensures performance, short latency, high reliability and data locality. The flexibility of cloud computing is maintained at the same time that the complexity of the infrastructure is hidden, with application components placed in an optimal location that utilizes the key characteristics of distributed cloud.
Ericsson Technology Review: The advantages of combining 5G NR with LTEEricsson
Capacity exhaustion is a growing challenge for network operators due to the rapidly increasing data consumption by mobile broadband (MBB) subscribers. Rather than addressing this by densifying 4G networks with new sites, 5G New Radio (NR) offers operators the opportunity to meet growing demand and improve performance through the efficient use of new frequency bands at existing sites. The latest Ericsson Technology Review article explains how deploying 5G NR with mid bands (3-6GHz) at existing 4G sites enables maximal reuse of site infrastructure investments as well as delivering a significant performance boost. By adding NR with 100MHz unpaired spectrum, it is possible to achieve eight times higher downlink capacity relative to LTE (2x50MHz paired spectrum). Massive MIMO techniques, such as beamforming and multi-user MIMO, deliver improved downlink data rates both outdoors and indoors.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
Ericsson Technology Review, issue #1, 2016
1. SECURITY IN THE POST-SNOWDEN ERA ✱
#01, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 1
ERICSSON
TECHNOLOGY
C H A R T I N G T H E F U T U R E O F I N N O V A T I O N V O L U M E 9 3 | 2 0 1 6 — 0 1
INDUSTRIALREMOTE
OPERATION
5GRISESTO
THECHALLENGE
HARALDLUDANEK
ONICTANDINTELLIGENT
TRANSPORTATIONSYSTEMS
MICROWAVE
BACKHAUL
GETSABOOST
WITHMULTIBAND
5. #01, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 5
08 CRYPTOGRAPHY IN AN ALL
ENCRYPTED WORLD
Cyber attacks are on the increase,
global fears over personal security
and privacy are rising, and quantum
computing might soon be reality.
These concerns have created a
number of shifts in how encryption
technologies are being developed
and applied. Today, it is no longer
sufficient to encrypt data as it
passes through the access part
of the network; information needs
to be protected from source to
destination.
20 MICROWAVE BACKHAUL GETS
A BOOST WITH MULTIBAND
Is there a spectrum shortage?
The answer to the question is
both yes and no; in some locations
spectrum is severely congested,
while in other places it is highly
underutilized. New methods that will
maximize spectrum efficiency, and
new technologies that can exploit
unused spectrum are needed.
Multiband booster is one such
method, fundamentally shifting
the way spectrum can be used,
with a promise to deliver a massive
improvement in the performance
levels of microwave backhaul.
30 LUDANEK ON ICT
AND INTELLIGENT
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
Over the past 50 years, the
automotive industry has undergone
what could be described as
a technology revolution. Fuel
efficiency, environmentally sound
vehicle powertrain concepts,
increased electronics, driver
assistance, and safety features like
abs and airbags are just a few of
the improvements that have taken
place, which have led to sustainable,
safer, and more comfortable driving.
40 FLEXIBILITY IN 5G
TRANSPORT NETWORKS:
THE KEY TO MEETING THE
DEMAND FOR CONNECTIVITY
As applications like self-driving
vehicles and remotely operated
machinery evolve, become more
innovative, and more widespread,
the level of performance that
5g networks need to deliver will
inevitably rise. Keeping pace with
ever-increasing demand calls for
greater flexibility in all parts of the
network.
54 INDUSTRIAL REMOTE
OPERATION:
5G RISES TO THE CHALLENGE
Ericsson and abb are
collaborating to determine
how to make the most of 5g
and cellular technologies
in an industrial setting. This
article presents some of the
use cases being assessed,
highlights the challenges
posed by remote operations,
and describes how 5g technology
can be applied to overcome them.
(This article was written in
collaboration
with abb)
68 IDENTIFYING AND
ADDRESSING THE
VULNERABILITIES AND
SECURITY ISSUES OF
SDN
The promises of agility,
simplified control, and real-
time programmability offered
by software-defined networking
(sdn) are attractive incentives
for operators to keep network
evolution apace with advances in
virtualization technologies. But
do these capabilities undermine
security? To answer this question,
we have investigated the potential
vulnerabilities of sdn.
80 A VISION OF THE 5G
CORE: FLEXIBILITY
FOR NEW BUSINESS
OPPORTUNITIES
Next generation 5g networks
will cater for a wide range of
new business opportunities,
some of which have yet to be
conceptualized. Being able to
provide customized connectivity will
benefit many industries around the
world. But how will future networks
provide people and enterprises with
the right platform, with just the right
level of connectivity?
CONTENTS ✱
SDNc
68
54
80
40
Distance (km)
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
10 20 30 40 50
Bands
20
Encrypted data
Encrypted analysis
Cloud service providerClient
08
CPU
ABS
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
Comfort
and
acoustics
US safety
law
CO, HC, and NOx
emissions
Fuel consumption
CO2 regulations
and taxes
Power ABS
Connected vehicle
Microelectronic
Lightweight construction
and fuel consumption
Communication
and information
Mechatronic,
microtechnique
US emission
requirements
Oil crisis
Economy boom
Leveloftechnology
Safety airbag
30
6. 6 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ #01, 2016
■ every morning, I get out of bed and go to work
because I believe technology makes a difference. I
believe that in the midst of global growth, numerous
humanitarian crises, the increasing need for better
resource management, and an evolving threat landscape,
a new world is emerging. And I believe technology is
playing a key role in making that world a better, safer, and
healthier place for more people to enjoy. It feels good to
be part of that.
Fundamentally, I believe the breakdown of traditional
industry boundaries and increased cross-industry
collaboration have enabled us to maximize the
benefits of technology. Today, Ericsson works with
partners in many different industries that all rely on
connectivity embedded into their solutions, services,
and products. Our early collaborations, which were
with utilities and the automotive industry, have led
to innovations like the Connected Vehicle Cloud and
Smart Metering as a Service.
I am delighted that Harald Ludanek, Head of r&d at
Scania (a leading manufacturer of heavy trucks, buses,
coaches, and industrial and marine engines) agreed to
contribute to this issue. His article on the significance
ofict— how digitalization and mobility will impact the
automotive industry and bring about the intelligent
transportation system (its) — illustrates the importance
of new business relationships, ensuring that different
sectors create innovative solutions together, and
maximize the value they bring to people and society.
Technology is making it easier for people to
protect their homes, families, and belongings. The
standardization of antitheft systems in automobiles,
for example, has led to a decline in car theft in most
parts of the world. However, while technology
offers improved security, somehow criminal
countermeasures manage to keep up. In an article
about end-to-end cryptography, a number of Ericsson
experts highlight how car theft is no longer carried
out with a slim jim and a screwdriver, but rather
with highly sophisticated decryption algorithms,
smartphones, and illegal access to software keys.
The protection of data — and the people who own it
— as it travels across the network has always been a
WHY
FLEXIBILITY
COUNTS…
E R I C S S O N T E C H N O L O G Y R E V I E W
Bringing you insights into some of the key emerging
innovations that are shaping the future of ict.
Our aim is to encourage an open discussion on the
potential, practicalities, and benefits of a wide range
of technical developments, and help provide
an insight into what the future has to offer.
a d d r e s s
Ericsson
se-164 83 Stockholm, Sweden
Phone: +46 8 719 00 00
p u b l i s h i n g
All material and articles are published on the Ericsson
Technology Review website: www.ericsson.com/
ericsson-technology-review.
Additionally, content can be accessed on the Ericsson
Technology Insights app, which is available for Android
and ios devices. The download links can be found on the
Ericsson Technology Review website.
p u b l i s h e r
Ulf Ewaldsson
e d i t o r
Deirdre P. Doyle (Sitrus)
deirdre.doyle@sitrus.com
e d i t o r i a l b o a r d
Aniruddho Basu, Joakim Cerwall, Stefan Dahlfort,
Deirdre P. Doyle, Björn Ekelund, Dan Fahrman,
Geoff Hollingworth, Jonas Högberg, Cenk Kirbas,
Sara Kullman, Börje Lundwall, Hans Mickelsson,
Ulf Olsson, Patrik Roseen, Robert Skog, Gunnar Thrysin,
Tonny Uhlin, Javier Garcia Visiedo, and Erik Westerberg
i c t a n d i n t e l l i g e n t
t r a n s p o r tat i o n s y s t e m s
Harald Ludanek (Scania)
a r t d i r e c t o r
Kajsa Dahlberg (Sitrus)
i l l u s t r at i o n s
Claes-Göran Andersson
cg@cga.se
Rikard Söderström
rikard.soderstrom@tt.se
s u b e d i t o r s
Paul Eade, Ian Nicholson, and
Birgitte van den Muyzenberg
issn:
0014-0171
Volume: 93, 2016
7. #01, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 7
EDITORIAL ✱
cornerstone of the telecoms industry. But in today’s
world, no single organization can maintain end-to-
end control over information as it is carried from
source to destination, and so upholding the right to
privacy is becoming an increasingly complex issue.
And with quantum computing posing a threat to our
current security systems, our experts point out that
this will render certain existing methods of protection
useless. Not only do protocols need a shake up, so
does software — so it can work in lightweight mode for
constrained or hardware-limited devices.
The idea that technology can manage an
underground mine efficiently, operate construction
machinery from a distance, or carry out a complex
surgical procedure on a remote basis, is not
far from magical. Imagine a world in which the
hazardous work environment is a thing of the
past, where manufacturing operations are run
smoothly using remotely operated machines and
robots, where everyone has access to vital medical
expertise… This is the stuff of my boyhood science
fiction comics. But today, these are the technical
innovation challenges my colleagues intend to solve
— and in some cases, they already have.
The article on 5g remote control, which was cowritten
with experts from abb, is yet another example of how
collaboration has become embedded in our ways of
working, and how different industries can help each
other to create more innovative solutions.
If you were to ask me to pick a few words to
summarize this issue of Ericsson Technology
Review, I would choose security, new business
opportunity, flexibility, sdn, virtualization, and
5g. But, it is flexibility that clearly stands out for
me. If networks are going to provide the kind of
connectivity that industry needs, flexibility is not
only required in the technical solution, but at all
other levels too — even in business models and
internal processes.
Flexibility will be achieved in the network through
greater abstraction, programmability, and a core built
on the concept of network slicing — which is where 5g
comes in. As the article on the 5g core shows, a flexible
network architecture is needed by service providers
and industries that depend on connectivity to develop
new solutions. It will enable them to fail fast, and to
adapt their networks as quickly as business models
change. In his article on the multiband booster for
microwave backhaul, Jonas Edstam points out that in
a 5g world, capacity needs will no longer represent
the main determining factor for network architecture;
instead, total cost of ownership will take over, with a
more holistic approach to networking.
As always, I hope you find our stories relevant and
inspiring. All of our content is available at www.
ericsson.com/ericsson-technology-review, through
the Ericsson Technology Insights app, and on
SlideShare.
ULF EWALDSSON
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT,
GROUP CTO, AND HEAD OF GROUP FUNCTION
TECHNOLOGY
BY 2021, OVER 90% OF THE
WORLD´S POPULATION WILL BE
COVERED BY MOBILE BROADBAND
NETWORKS*
*Ericsson Mobility Report, November 2015
8. ✱ SECURITY IN THE POST-SNOWDEN ERA
8 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ #01, 2016
CHRISTINE JOST
JOHN MATTSSON
MATS NÄSLUND
BEN SMEETS
Ensuring that communication is secure, including the ability to encrypt
sensitive traffic, has always been a fundamental pillar of the telecom industry.
Users expect their right to privacy to be respected, and operators expect
to be able to protect themselves and their customers from various kinds of
attacks. But the world is changing. Encryption technologies are advancing,
regulations are changing, criminals are becoming highly tech savvy, and
security awareness has become a popular conversation topic. So, in light of
new threats and security demands, security protocols need a shake-up.
t r a d i t i o n a l ly, e n c r y p t i o n has
been applied to data carried over the access
network — other parts of the network being
trusted inherently. But the shift to cloud
networking, the increased awareness of
threats, exposure of the weaknesses of
traditional security algorithms, and the rise in
the value of owning data, have all contributed
to the need to protect data in all parts of the
network, and tighten encryption methods
against unwanted intrusion.
■ Inthepost-Snowdenera,revelationsrelating
totheapparentlyindiscriminatewaypervasive
surveillanceiscarriedouthaveheightenedpublic
awarenessofprivacyissues.Securityandprivacy
havesincemoveduponthelistoftopprioritiesfor
standardizationgroupsinmanyindustries.Strong
reactionstothesabotageofanencryptionstandard
haveledtomistrustanderodedconfidenceinsome
standardsthatarewidelyusedtoprotectdata.
Ourcollectivedependenceonnetworkshasmade
protectingthedatatheycarryatopicofconcernfor
governments,regulators,andsecuritycompanies,
IN AN ALL ENCRYPTED WORLD
Cryptography
9. SECURITY IN THE POST-SNOWDEN ERA ✱
#01, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 9
butheightenedpublicandmediaawarenessis
signalingamovetoamoreconservativeapproach.
Asthesensitivityofdataisnotaneasilydefined
concept,manystandardizationgroups,suchasthe
ietf,havechosentoadoptthesameapproachas
modernmobilenetworks;inotherwords,encrypt
everything—notjustdataasitiscarriedoverthe
accessnetwork,butovertheentirepath,end-to-end.
Encryption-enforcingprotocolssuchashttp/2,
webrtc,andtls 1.3 areessentialforott service
providers.Theyarealsorequiredwhenoperators
introduceims,volte,rcs,cdn andcloudservices
ontopofthecoremobilenetwork.
Theincreaseduseofencryptionisgoodfor
enterprisesecurityandprivacy,butcomesatthe
expenseofmorecomplicatednetworkmanagement,
morecomplexcontentdeliveryoptimization,and
hamperedabilitytooffervalue-addedservices.
Heuristicmechanisms,likethosebasedonthe
frequencyandsizeofpackets,aswellasip-based
classification,willhelptoovercomethesedifficulties
andcontinuetoworkwellinmanycases,evenwhere
trafficclassificationisrequired.
Theglobalriseinawarenessandimpending
stricterregulationssurroundingindividualsecurity
andprivacyrequirementshavedriventheneed
forcommunicationstandardsthatenablelevels
ofsecurity.Industryuseofencryption,however,
isbeingdrivenbyadesiretocontroldeliveryend-
to-end.Forexample,enterprisesneedtobeable
toavoidpotentialproblemscausedbynetwork
intermediaries,suchasadinjectorsorapplication
layerfirewalls,ensuringthattheintegrityand
exclusiveownershipofvaluableanalyticsdata
continuetobeprotected.
Communicationsecurityincellularnetworksis
changing.Thealgorithmsdevelopedby3gpp and
gsma forconfidentiality,integrity,authentication,
andkeyderivationhaveevolveddramaticallysince
theywerefirstintroduced.Theoriginalalgorithms
deployedin2g/gsm networkswerekeptsecret—
securitybyobscurity—anddesignedtomeetthe
import/exportrestrictionsrelatedtoencryption
ofthetime(early1990s).Thesealgorithmswere
subsequentlyleakedandfoundtohaveweaknesses.
Theencryptionalgorithmsdevelopedfor3g
andlte havebeenmadeavailableforpublic
analysis.Theyusewell-knownandstandardized
cryptographicalgorithmssuchasaes,snow,
andsha-3,andtodate,noweaknesseshavebeen
found.Communicationsecurityhasnotonly
evolvedintermsofhowtoencryptdatabutalso
whattoprotect:traditionally,onlytheaccesspart
ofthenetworkwasencrypted.Intoday’snetworks,
protectionhasbeenextendedtocoverbackhaul,
corenodecommunicationlinksusingipsec or
tls aswellasservicesusingsrtp,tls,dtls,or
throughobjectsecurityprovidedby,forexample,
xml encryption.
Complementingprotectionontrustedinterfaces
andnodesprovidesadditionalassuranceagainst
unexpectedcompromises,securesoperational
ownership,andenablesend-to-endsecurity—
makingiteasiertocreatetherightservicesfor
Termsandabbreviations
abe–Attribute-Based Encryption | aead–Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data| aes–Advanced
Encryption Algorithm | cdn–content delivery network | irtf cfrg– irtf Crypto Forum Research Group |
dtls–Datagram tls | ecc–Elliptic Curve Cryptography | ecdsa–Elliptic Curve Digital Signature | gcm–Galois
Counter Mode | iot–Internet of Things | ipsec–Internet Protocol Security | irtf–Internet Research Task Force |
ott–over-the-top| pqc–post-quantum cryptography | quic– Google's Quick udp Internet Connections |
rcs–Rich Communication Services | rsa–Rivest-Shamir-Adelman cryptosystem | sha–Secure Hash Algorithm |
snow–synchronous stream cipher | srtp–Secure Real-time Transport Protocol | tls–Transport Layer Security
17. SECURITY IN THE POST-SNOWDEN ERA ✱
#01, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 17
256
128
64
0
Symmetric, pre 128 bit
Symmetric, pre 256 bit
RSA, pre 3072 bit
RSA, pre 7680 bit
Symmetric, post 128 bit
Symmetric, post 256 bit
RSA, post 3072 bit
RSA, post 7680 bit
Securitylevel
192
Figure 6:
Relative complexities for breaking cryptographic algorithms
before quantum computers and post-quantum computers
18. ✱ SECURITY IN THE POST-SNOWDEN ERA
18 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ #01, 2016
inkeysize,sotheycancopewiththepotential
capabilityofquantumcomputers.However,justas
advanceshavebeenmadeinthefieldsofcomputer
engineeringandalgorithmdesignoverthepast
half-century,developersmaywellbringusnew
cryptographicschemesthatwillchangethesecurity
landscapedramatically.
Summary
Concernsaboutsecurityandprivacynowrank
amongtheict industry’stoppriorities.For
Ericsson,overcomingtheseconcernsisanon-
negotiableelementoftheNetworkedSociety.The
worldisheadinginthedirectionofcomprehensive
protectionofdata(intransitandatrest),where
encryptiontechniquesarenotjustreservedfor
accessnetworks,butareappliedacrosstheentire
communicationsystem.This,togetherwithnew,
morecomplexcommunicationservicesplacesnew
demandsoncryptographytechnology.
Newcryptographicalgorithmssuchasaead and
ecc overcometheperformanceandbandwidth
limitsoftheirpredecessors,inseveralcasesoffering
improvementsofseveralordersofmagnitude.On
theprotocolside,tls 1.3 andquic significantly
reducelatency,astheyrequirefewerroundtripsto
setupsecurecommunications.
Homomorphicencryptionmaycreatenew
businessopportunitiesforcloud-storageproviders.
Shouldquantumcomputersbecomeareality,the
futurechallengewillbetoreplacemanyestablished
algorithmsandcryptosystems.Ericssonhasa
deepunderstandingofappliedcryptography,its
implications,andtheopportunitiesitpresentsfor
theict industry.Weactivelyusethisknowledgeto
developbettersecuritysolutionsinstandardization,
services,andproducts,wellinadvanceoftheirneed
intheworld. d
References
1. irtf cfrg, October 2015, Elliptic Curves for
Security, available at:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-curves
2. irtf cfrg, December 2015, Edwards-curve
Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA), available at:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-eddsa
3. ecrypt, ebacs: ecrypt Benchmarking of
Cryptographic Systems, available at:
http://bench.cr.yp.to/results-sign.html
4. 3gppsa3 Archives, 2015, Update of the 3gpp
Security Profiles for tls, IPsec and Certificates,
available at: https://list.etsi.org/scripts/
wa.exe?A2=3GPP_TSG_SA_WG3;cf1a7cc4.1506C
5. ace wg, 2015, Object Security of coap
(oscoap), available at:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-selander-ace-object-
security
6. Gigaom Research, 2014, Data privacy and
security in the post-snowden era, available at:
http://www.verneglobal.com/sites/default/files/
gigaom_research-data_privacy_and_security.pdf
7. perc, 2015, Secure Real-time Transport Protocol
(srtp) for Cloud Services, available at:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-mattsson-perc-srtp-
cloud
8. Proceedings of the 23rd acm,2011, Cryptdb:
Protecting confidentiality with encrypted query
processing, abstract available at: http://dl.acm.
org/citation.cfm?id=2043566
9. Ericsson, 2015, Encryption Performance
Improvements of the Paillier Cryptosystem,
available at:
https://eprint.iacr.org/2015/864.pdf
10. National Security Agency, 2009, Cryptography
Today, available at:
https://www.nsa.gov/ia/programs/suiteb_
cryptography/
11. iacr, Keyless Signatures’ Infrastructure: How to
Build Global Distributed Hash-Trees, available at:
https://eprint.iacr.org/2013/834.pdf
19. SECURITY IN THE POST-SNOWDEN ERA ✱
#01, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 19
Christine Jost
◆ joined Ericsson in 2014,
where she has been working
with security research,
including applications of
homomorphic encryption
methods. She holds a
Ph.D. in mathematics from
Stockholm University, and
an M.Sc. in mathematics
from Dresden University of
Technology in Germany.
John Mattsson
◆ joined Ericsson Research
in 2007 and is now a senior
researcher. In 3GPP, he
has heavily influenced the
work on ims security and
algorithm profiling. He is
coordinating Ericsson’s
security work in the ietf,
and is currently working on
applied cryptography as well
as transport and application
layer security. He holds
an M.Sc. in engineering
physics from the Royal
Institute of Technology in
Stockholm (kth), and an
M.Sc. in business admin and
economics from Stockholm
University.
Mats Näslund
◆ has been with Ericsson
Research for more than
15 years and is currently
a principal researcher.
Before joining Ericsson
he completed an M.Sc. in
computer science and a
Ph.D. in cryptography, both
from kth. During his time at
Ericsson he has worked with
most aspects of network
and information security,
making contributions to
various standards (3gpp/
etsi, ietf, iso, csa). He
has taken part in external
research collaborations
such as eu fp7 ecrypt
(Network of Excellence in
Cryptography). He is also
a very active inventor, and
was a recipient of Ericsson’s
Inventor of the Year Award
in 2009. Recently, he was
appointed adjunct professor
at KTH in the area Network
and System Security.
Ben Smeets
◆ is a senior expert in
Trusted Computing at
Ericsson Research in
Lund, Sweden. He is also a
professor at Lund University,
from where he holds a Ph.D.
in information theory. In
1998, he joined Ericsson
Mobile Communications,
where he worked on
security solutions for
mobile phone platforms. His
worked greatly influenced
the security solutions
developed for the Ericsson
mobile platforms. He also
made major contributions
to Bluetooth security
and platform security-
related patents. In 2005,
he received the Ericsson
Inventor of the Year Award
and is currently working
on trusted computing
technologies and the use of
virtualization.
theauthors
The authors greatly
acknowledge
the support and
inspiration of their
colleagues Christoph
Schuba, Dario Casella,
and Alexander Pantus
20. 20 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ #01, 2016
✱ A BOOSTER FOR BACKHAUL
JONAS EDSTAM Is there a spectrum shortage? The answer to the question is both yes and no;
in some locations spectrum is severely congested, while in other places it is
highly underutilized. As the performance level demands on services like mobile
broadband continue to rise, networks are going to need some innovative tools.
New methods that will maximize spectrum efficiency, and new technologies
that can exploit unused spectrum are going to be needed. Multiband booster
is one such method. This concept fundamentally shifts the way spectrum can
be used, with a promise to deliver a massive improvement in the performance
levels of microwave backhaul, while at the same time accelerating the much
needed shift toward the use of higher frequency bands.
Microwave
backhaulGETS A BOOST WITH
MULTIBAND
21. #01, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 21
A BOOSTER FOR BACKHAUL ✱
t e c h n o l o g y e v o l u t i o n, increased
mobility, and massive digitalization
continue to place ever more demanding
performance requirements on networks —
a trend that shows no signs of leveling off.
As the dominant backhaul media in today’s
networks, microwave plays a significant
role in providing good mobile network
performance. However, the constant
pressure to increase performance levels
translates into a need for more spectrum,
and more efficient use of it — not just when
it comes to radio access, but for microwave
backhaul as well.
■ Asafinitenaturalresource,radiospectrumis
governedbynationalandinternationalregulations
toensurethatsocialandeconomicbenefitsare
maximized.Spectrumisdividedintofrequency
bandsthatareallocatedtodifferenttypesofradio
services,suchascommunication,broadcasting,
radar,aswellasscientificuse.Allocationisbased
onpropagationcharacteristics,whichvarywith
frequency.Lowerfrequencies,forexample,enable
radiosignalstobetransmittedoverlongerdistances,
andcanpenetratebuildingfacades.Higher
frequencies,ontheotherhand,aremorelimitedin
termsofreachandcoverage,buttheycangenerally
providewiderfrequencybands,andassuchhave
highdata-carryingcapacities.Drivenbygrowing
communicationneeds,everhigherfrequencies
havebeentakenintouseoverthepastfewdecades.
Historically,microwavebackhaulhasusedmuch
higherfrequencies(fromabout6ghzto86ghz)than
mobileradioaccess,whichtodayusesspectrum
rangingfromabout400mhzto4ghz.For5g radio
access,researchiscurrentlyunderwayontheuse
ofmuchhigherfrequencies(above24ghz).The
findingsofthisworkwillbepresentedatthenext
itu WorldRadiocommunicationConference,due
tobeheldin2019(wrc-19)[1].
By2020,65percentofallcellsites(excluding
thoseinNortheastAsia)willbeconnectedtothe
restofthenetworkusingmicrowavebackhaul
technology[2].Betweennowandthen,the
performanceofmicrowavebackhaulwillcontinue
toimprove,supportinggrowingcapacityneeds
throughtechnologyevolutionandmoreefficient
useofspectrum.Thedecision-makingprocessused
toestablishwhatmediacanbestprovidebackhaul
toagivensitewillalsochange;itwillnolongerbe
determinedbycapacityneeds,butratherwhich
solution—fiberormicrowavebackhaul—provides
thelowesttotalcostofownership(tco).
Multibandsolutions,whichenableenhanceddata
ratesbycombiningresourcesinmultiplefrequency
bands,alreadyconstituteanessentialpartof
modernradioaccesssystems.Theirsignificance
will,however,increaseinthecomingyears,asthey
enableefficientuseofdiversespectrumassets,
andassuchwillsupporttheevolutionoflte and
5g technologies.
Thequestiontoday,however,ishowtoexploit
themultibandconceptforbackhaul.Andhowcan
aholisticviewenablemoreefficientuseofdiverse
backhaulspectrumassets.
Useofspectrumforbackhaul
Spectrumindifferentfrequencyrangesisusedby
backhaulsolutionstosupportcommunicationin
manytypesoflocations,fromsparselypopulated
ruralareastoultra-denseurbanenvironments.
Globally,about4millionmicrowavebackhaul
hopsareinoperationtoday.Figure 1illustrates
theextentofmicrowavebackhaulusagebyregion
andband—thesizeofeachcircleisrelativetothe
Termsandabbreviations
pdh–Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy | qam–quadrature amplitude modulation |sdh–Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
22. 22 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ #01, 2016
✱ A BOOSTER FOR BACKHAUL
Northern Europe
and Central Asia
Middle East
India
Southeast Asia
and Oceania
Northeast Asia
Western and
Central Europe
Mediterranean
Sub-Saharan
Africa
Latin America
North America
Region 6 7 8 10 11 13 15 18 23 26 28 32 38 42 60 70/80
Frequency band (GHz)
Source: Ericsson 2015
Figure 1:
Global use of microwave
backhaul
numberofmicrowavehopsinoperation.Which
frequencybandisusedvariesgreatlyfromoneplace
tothenext,becausethemostappropriatebandis
chosendependingonregionalclimateandnational
spectrumregulations[3].Otherfactorslikeinter-
sitedistance,targetperformancerequirements,and
fiberpenetrationarealsotakenintoconsideration
whenselectingthebackhaulfrequencybandthat
bestfitsagivenlocation.
Ascapacityneedshavegrown,theuseof
spectrumhasshifted.Higher,previouslylessutilized
frequencieshavegrowninpopularity.Abouta
decadeago,new26ghz,28ghz,and32ghzbands
wereintroduced,andsincethen,theuseofthese
bandstosupportlte backhaulhasbecomepopular
inpartsofEurope,CentralAsia,theMediterranean,
andtheMiddleEast.Theolder38ghzbandisquite
popularintheseregions,anditsattractivenessis
currentlygrowingintherestoftheworld.Thenewer
70/80ghzbandistodaygainingpopularity[2,4],as
itofferswidespectrumandchannelsalike,enabling
capacitiesinthe10gbpsrangeoverafewkilometers.
Lookingtothefuture,industryhasaninterestin
theuseoffrequenciesabove100ghz,astheywill
enablecapacitiesinthe40gbpsrangeoverhop
distancesofaboutakilometer[2].
Technologiesarebeinginvestigated[5],
andregulatorystudiesareexaminingchannel
arrangementsanddeploymentscenariosinthe
92-114.5ghz,and130-174.7ghzfrequencyranges,
commonlyreferredtoasthew-andd-bandfor
microwavebackhaul[6].
Unfortunately,theuseofspectrumisunbalanced:
hotspotsoccurinbandsthatareheavilyused,while
therearelargegeographicalareaswithuntapped
spectruminallfrequencybands.
Microwavebackhaultechnology
Unlikethevariousgenerationsofradioaccess
technology(2g,3g,and4g),thereisnoformal
26. 26 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ #01, 2016
✱ A BOOSTER FOR BACKHAUL
High availability
Lower availability
Multiband
70/80GHz
18–42GHz
6–15GHz
Dense urban Remote rural
Figure 5:
Efficient use of
microwave backhaul
spectrum
Global deployments per frequency range
0
0%
100%
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Frequency (GHz)
Bands
Multiband potential
Single band today
Figure 6:
Increased use of high
frequencies with multiband
microwave backhaul
28. 28 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ #01, 2016
✱ A BOOSTER FOR BACKHAUL
Jonas greatly acknowledges the support and
inspiration of his colleagues:
Git Sellin, Martin Sjödin, Björn Bäckemo, David Gerdin,
Anders Henriksson, Peter Björk, Jonas Hansryd, Jonas
Flodin, and Mikael Öhberg.
References
1. itu-r, 2015, Provisional Final Acts World Radio
Conference (wrc-15), Resolution com6/20
(pages 424-426), available at: http://ow.ly/Xg4Ci
2. Ericsson, Sep 2015, Microwave Towards 2020
Report, available at:
http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/2015/
microwave-2020-report.pdf
3. itu-r, 2012, Recommendation F.746, Radio-
frequency arrangements for fixed service
systems, available at: https://www.itu.int/rec/R-
REC-F.746/en
4. etsi, June 2015, white paper no. 9, E-Band
and V-Band - Survey on status of worldwide
regulations, available at: http://ow.ly/Xg4JA
5. ieee, 2014, A Highly Integrated Chipset for 40
Gbps Wireless D-Band Communication Based
on a 250 nm InP dhbt Technology, Abstract
available at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/
articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6978535
6. cept ecc wg se19, Work items se19_37 and
se19_38, available at:
http://eccwp.cept.org/default.aspx?groupid=45
7. Ericsson Review, June 2011, Microwave
capacity evolution, available at: http://ow.ly/
Xg4OU
8. Ericsson, Microwave Towards 2020 Report,
September 2014, available at:
http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/2014/
microwave-towards-2020.pdf
9. itu-r, 2015, Recommendation p.530,
Propagation data and prediction methods
required for the design of terrestrial line-of-
sight systems, available at: https://www.itu.int/
rec/R-REC-P.530/en
10. etsi, 2010, etsi en 302-217-4-2, Fixed Radio
Systems - Characteristics and requirements
for point-to-point equipment and antennas
available at:
http://ow.ly/Xg4Vg
11. Ericsson Review, February 2013, Non-line-
of-sight microwave backhaul for small cells,
available at: http://ow.ly/Xg4YM
useofavailablespectrum[2,7,8].Today,microwave
backhaulcanprovidefiber-likemulti-gigabitcapacity
—eveninlocationswherethereisnodirectline-of-
sight[11].
Multibandsolutionsareessentialformobile
systems,astheyenablediversespectrumassetsto
beusedefficiently.Theimportanceofthesetypes
ofsolutionsformobilecommunicationwillriseas
lte evolvesand5g becomesareality.Anumberof
yearsago,wedocumentedthebenefitsofadapting
multibandformicrowavebackhaulinaprevious
article[7].It’snowtimetofullyexploittheconcept.
Multibandboosterprovidesamassiveincreasein
theperformanceofmicrowavebackhaul,andisan
excellenttoolthatcanincreasenetworkcapacityup
totenfold.Itsupportsflexiblebondingofdifferent
carriersandfrequencybandcombinations,enabling
networkstomeettheperformanceandavailability
requirementsforfutureservices.Multibandbooster
representsaparadigmshifttowardmuchmore
efficientuseofdiversebackhaulspectrumassets,
unleashingtheuseofhigherfrequenciesovermuch
widergeographicalareas.
Thetechnologyevolutionforspectrum—howit
isusedandhowitisallocated—ismovingfast,with
manynewinnovationsbecomingavailableforboth
radioaccessandmicrowavebackhaul.Regulatory
authoritiesarecarefullyconsideringthecurrentand
futureuseoffrequencybands,notonlyformobile
systemsbutalsoformicrowavebackhaul.
Asnetworksbecomedenser,andperformance
needsgrow,newefficienttechnologies,likethe
multibandbooster,willdramaticallyincreasethe
useofthe70/80ghzband,aswellasthebandsinthe
18-42ghzrange.Tosupportevolvingtechnology,
andensuregoodbackhaulperformance,regulatory
incentivesthatpromoteefficientandholisticuseof
backhaulspectrumarekey.
29. #01, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 29
A BOOSTER FOR BACKHAUL ✱
Jonas Edstam
◆ joined Ericsson in 1995,
and is responsible for
technology strategies
and industry-wide
collaborations at Product
Area Microwave Networks,
Business Unit Radio. He
is an expert in microwave
backhaul networks, having
more than 20 years of
experience in this area.
Throughout his career, he
has fulfilled various roles,
working on a wide range of
topics including detailed
microwave technology
and system design. His
current focus is on the
strategic evolution of mobile
networks and wireless
backhaul to 5g. He holds
a Ph.D. in physics from
Chalmers University of
Technology, Gothenburg,
Sweden.
theauthor
30. BY CONNECTING VEHICLES
AND COMBINING THE VALUABLE
DATA THEY TRANSMIT WITH
INFORMATION ABOUT THEIR
ENVIRONMENT, WE CAN CREATE
A PLATFORM THAT CAN HELP
IMPROVE TRAFFIC FLOW AND
INCREASE SAFETY
—HaraldLudanek
31. Over the past 50 years, the automotive industry has
undergone what could be described as a technology
revolution. Fuel efficiency, environmentally sound vehicle
powertrain concepts, increased electronics, driver
assistance, and safety features like ABS and airbags are just
a few of the improvements that have taken place, which have
led to sustainable, safer, and more comfortable driving.
LUDANEK ON
ICTINTELLIGENT
TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEMS
&
32. 32 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ #01, 2016
✱ ICT AND INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
today, we are in the era of connectivity.
Vehicles are no longer isolated entities
moving from one place to another, but are
an intricate part of a greater transportation
system. In the future, we can look forward
to increased levels of comfort in vehicles,
greater degrees of driver assistance, and
more advanced safety features. To achieve
this, we need to partner up and develop
solutions together with a holistic and end-
to-end approach. We need to learn from
each other and share advancements in
technology. Thankfully, today’s industries
are ripe for the collaboration that is needed
to build integrated solutions. How Scania
and Ericsson work today highlights just how
greater we are together.
■ Howdoyouseetheautomotiveindustryevolving
inthecontextofdigitalizationandmobility?
Throughoutitshistory,boththeautomotive
industryandict havereliedheavilyontechnology,
standardization,continuousimprovement,andnot
leastr&d.Newtechnologiesareshapedbyexternal
influencesandregulations,butthedirection
developmenttakesisprimarilydeterminedby
customerdemand.Thecustomersinmyindustry
includeawiderangeofenterprisesandindividuals
—fromprofessionaltruckersandbusdrivers,to
regularcitizenswhoneedavehicletogetaround.
Theenterprisesector—includinglogistics,shipping,
andtourism,forexample—hasasignificant
influenceonthetechnologicalinnovationswe
prioritize.Onceagain,clearsimilaritiesarise
betweenmyindustryandict.
Thetechnologicaladvancesthathavetaken
placeintheautomotiveindustry,alongwiththe
developmentsthathavecomeaboutinanumberof
tangentialsectorslikematerialsandelectronics,and
governmentalregulationsthathavecomeintoforce,
haveshapedseveralwavesofinnovation(illustrated
inFigure 1)overthepast65years.Theresultofall
ofthesedevelopmentsisasafer,moreefficient,and
morecomfortabledrivingexperience.
The1970s oilcrisishashadalong-lasting
impactontheautomotiveindustryalloverthe
world,puttingfuel-efficiencyfirmlyatthetopofour
listoftechnologicaldevelopmentpriorities.The
crisisledtoadramaticshiftinR&d,asfuel-saving
technologies,andmoreefficientenginesbecame
toppriorities.Thepowertrain,forexample,was
improvedwithinnovationslikegasolinedirect
injectionandstart-stopsystems,which,alongwith
newlightweightvehiclematerials,ledtoimproved
fuelconsumptionandfewerefficiencylosses.These
technologiesareprettymuchstandardcomponents
inthevehiclesbeingbuilttoday.
The1990s weremarkedbythebirthof
mechatronics.Theintroductionofsensor
technologiesandaffordableelectroniccontrol
units(ecus)ledtothereplacementofcontrol
andmechanicalsystemswithelectricaland
electronicallysteeredactuators.
Theboomintheconsumerelectronicsmarket
beganattheturnofthe21stcentury.Userdemand
fornewfunctionalitieslikenavigationalsupport
systems,airbags,anddriverassistancehadtobe
met,andsotheeraofautomotiveelectronicsbegan.
Lookingahead,Figure 2illustratessomeofthe
developmentsthatdriverscanlookforwardto.
Whiletoday,developmentfocusisonend-to-end
resourcemanagement(duringmanufacturing,
operation,aswellastheend-of-lifephaseofa
vehicle),inthefuture,wecanlookforwardtomuch
greaterlevelsofdriverassistance.ThewayIsee
it,manufacturingandproductionprocesseshave
undergonefourrevolutions,becomingmoreefficient
witheachone.Inthebeginningofmassproduction,
engineswerepoweredbysteam,thenelectricity
tookover.Lateron,computingpowertookcontrol,
andnowtheInternetofThings(IoT)hasusheredina
wholeneweraofpossibilities.
Thefourthindustrialrevolutionofproduction—
whichwerefertoasIndustry 4.0 —isnotactually
limitedtotheIoT,butencompassesotheraspects
likecybersecurity,bigdataanalytics,andintegration
acrosstraditionalorganizationalboundaries.But,as
morethingsbecomeconnected,thesignificanceof
eachaspectrises.Whenpeople,forexample,share
theirlocationdata,alotofinformationisgenerated.
HARALD LUDANEK
Executive Vice President
and Head of Research
and Development, Scania
cv ab
39. #01, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 39
ICT AND INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS ✱
Dr. Harald Ludanek
Executive Vice
President, Research and
Development, Scania CV,
Södertälje
◆ Attending the Clausthal
University of Technology as
a postgraduate engineer,
German-born Harald
Ludanek chose rotor
dynamics and mechanical
vibrations as the topic for
his PhD thesis.
Today, he maintains a
keen interest in technology
both at work and at home.
He has a few science-
based hobbies, as well as
a love of gardening, guitar
playing, and handcrafts.
But it is doubtless that it
is his undying passion for
engine mechanics that
really drives him, and he
applies this passion daily
in his job as Head of RD
for Scania in Södertälje,
Sweden.
He also has a fervent
interest in cultivating
collaboration between
Scania and other key
players — both within and
outside the automotive
industry. He is constantly
on the lookout for
companies to collaborate
with, for the benefit of all
partners and ultimately all
vehicle drivers. He believes
that creating efficiencies
will help to hit emissions
targets, and minimize
environmental impact.
in the pa s t, Scania’s
development of robust,
practical, reliable
technology has been
boosted by collaborations
with car companies like
Porsche. Now, Ericsson is
providing the connectivity
that will one day enable
the truck driver to have an
office and a comfortable
living space all in one:
Ludanek’s vision for the
ultimate in cabin comfort.
How then has Ludanek
mastered the tricks of the
truck trade?
Early on, with a doctorate
in engineering, he joined
Volkswagen’s Research
Centre in 1992, moving
on in 2000 to head up the
global coordination of the
company’s 25 worldwide
development centers.
In 2002, he became
Head of Technical
Development and member
of the executive board
at Škoda auto a.S. in the
Czech Republic.
He then moved on in
2007 to head up Complete
Vehicle Development and
Prototyping at Volkswagen
AG until September 2012,
when he was appointed
Executive Vice President
and Head of Research and
Development at Scania.
since 2 0 11, he has
chaired the supervisory
board of the engineering
consultancy IAV GmbH,
Berlin, Germany and been a
member of the supervisory
board of the IMF TÜV Nord
in Sweden.
Having come full circle
since his student days,
today he lectures in
automotive management
and technology at
Clausthal University of
Technology, where he
is also a member of the
supervisory board.
author
40. 40 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ #01, 2016
✱ A FLEXIBLE TRANSPORT NETWORK
PETER ÖHLÉN
BJÖRN SKUBIC
AHMAD ROSTAMI
KIM LARAQUI
FABIO CAVALIERE
BALÁZS VARGA
NEIVA FONSECA
LINDQVIST
The more people have been able to achieve while on the move, the more
dependent society has become on mobile broadband networks. As
applications like self-driving vehicles and remotely operated machinery evolve,
become more innovative, and more widespread, the level of performance
that 5g networks need to deliver will inevitably rise. Keeping pace with ever-
increasing demand calls for greater flexibility in all parts of the network, which
in turn requires tight integration between 5g radio, transport networks, and
cloud infrastructures.
a d va n c e s i n t e c h n o l o g y and a
shift in human behavior are influencing how
5g networks are shaping up. With 3g, things
got faster, data volumes surpassed voice, new
services were developed, and people started
using mobile broadband. With 4g, mobile
broadband soared. Today’s networks provide
advanced support for data. Building on this
success, 5g aims to provide unlimited access
to information and the ability to share data
anywhere, anytime by anyone and anything.
So, as we move deeper into the Networked
Society, the connections that link things
and people will become almost exclusively
wireless.
■ Serviceslikemobilebroadbandandmedia
distributionwillcontinuetoevolveinlinewith
ourgrowingglobaldependenceonconnectivity.
Networkswillexperiencehugeincreasesintraffic
andwillneedtoserviceanever-expandingnumber
FLEXIBILITY IN
5G transport
networksTHE KEY TO MEETING THE DEMAND
FOR CONNECTIVITY
42. 42 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ #01, 2016
✱ A FLEXIBLE TRANSPORT NETWORK
5G radio and
deployment
models
Legacy
and
migration
Services
and
flexibility
Affordable
and
sustainable
Technological
advances
Abstraction and
programmability
5G transport
Figure 1
Landscape for 5G transport
44. 44 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ #01, 2016
✱ A FLEXIBLE TRANSPORT NETWORK
Fronthaul
Backhaul
Packet
Packet
Wireline access
CWDM/DWDM
dedicated fiber
Access Aggregation Core
Data center
Data center
Data center
Service
edge
BB
IP
IP
IP
IP
Internet
DWDM
CWDM/
DWDM
Figure 2
Main technology options to connect
ran and transport infrastructure
Abstractionandprogrammability
Abstractingnetworkresourcesandfunctionality,
aswellasmanagingserviceson-the-flythrough
programmaticapisarethepillarsofsdn,andthe
sourceofitspromisetoreducenetworkcomplexity,
andincreaseflexibility.
Withanewsplitintheran,somefunctionscan
bedeployedongeneral-purposehardware,while
others,thoseclosertotheairinterfacewithstrict
real-timecharacteristics,shouldcontinuetobe
deployedonspecializedhardware.Mostofthe
functionsoftheepc willbedeployedassoftware
—followingtheconceptofNetworkFunctions
Virtualization(nfv).Deployingnetworkfunctions
inthiswaymakesitpossibletobuildend-to-end
networkslicesthatarecustomizedforspecific
servicesandapplications.Eachlayerofthenetwork
slice,includingthetransportlayer,willbedesigned
tomeetaspecificsetofperformancecharacteristics.
Thesignificanceofnetworkslicesisbest
illustratedbycomparingapplicationswithdifferent
requirements.Anetworkofsensors,forexample,
47. #01, 2016 ✱ ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 47
A FLEXIBLE TRANSPORT NETWORK ✱
Transport
edge
Network
app 1
Network
app n
RAN controller Transport controller
Orchestrator
Integrated packet-optical transport
Cloud controller
Edge
router
Service
edge
PGW
Transport
edge
Transport
switching
Transport
switching
Transport
edge
Packet
microwave
Fixed
Enterprise
IP
IP IPBB
BB
Figure 3
Hierarchical sdn control
architecture for multi-
domain orchestration
48. 48 ERICSSON TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ✱ #01, 2016
✱ A FLEXIBLE TRANSPORT NETWORK
Optical networks
Implementation
SDN controlled functions
Node local functions
Management controlled functions
Low
Legacy Legacy +
CMPLS
(Full) SDN
High/moderate Low
Features
Node
complexity
Figure 4a
Centralizing control
functionality in the optical
domain
Packet networks
Implementation
SDN controlled functions
Node local functions (protocol driven)
Management system driven functions
High
Legacy Hybrid SDN Full SDN
Moderate Low
Features
Node
complexity
Figure 4b
Centralizing control
functionality in the packet
domain